中國 私立大學 營利에 關한 硏究

장덕강,주회민 원광대학교 대학원 2007 論文集 Vol.39 No.-

With the popularization of higher education in China, the private university, as a fresh troop has brought up a large number of talents for our society, and thus attracted more and more attentions from the government and various circles of the society. Private universities have made great contributions to the diversification of the managements of higher education. With the development of economy and the advent of the society, higher education, as a standard public product, has been highly valued and supported by the nation. In particular, private university education is paving a good way for the solution to the lack of funds in Chinese higher education. The chance for private university to make profits can help to increase the possibilities of active investments ineducation from companies, enterprises and individuals, to enlarge the scale of private education, and to achieve fairness and equality of education and finally to promote the prosperity of economy and stability of the society. The author in this article aims to demonstrate that in order to guarantee their education quality, private universities should improve their financial system, consult the management system of the businesses, adopt modernized teaching techniques and perfect teaching capacities of the professors, and thus it can exert a great influence on China.

이옹의 生涯와 思想

張德偉 한국철학사연구회 2003 한국 철학논집 Vol.13 No.-

이옹은 학술사상과 인품과 인격이 孫奇逢, 黃宗羲와 더불어 明末·淸初의 三大 儒者이다. 그러나 오랜 기간, 이옹에 대한 연구는 극히 미비하였을 뿐만 아니라 다소의 그릇된 견해로 말미암아 학술사상사에 있어서의 이러한 三大儒란 지위와 칭호에 상응하는 연구가 이루어지지 못하였다. 이옹의 철학은 ‘尊德性’에 대한 강조를 입론의 근본으로 삼음으로써 기본적으로는 심학의 입장을 취하였으나, ‘道問學’에 대하여도 이를 도외시하지 않음으로써 양명학의 末流적인 空疏하고 無用한 점에 대한 반성의 입장을 취하였다. 그는 ‘反身實踐’을 중시하고 ‘悔過自新’을 강조함으로써 유학이 體와 用을 모두 갖춘 ‘大人之學’임을 宣揚하였다. 그러므로 이옹의 철학은 ‘全體大用’이 특색이라고 할 수 있다. 그의 사상은 程朱學으로부터 陸王學으로 전환되는 경향을 보이고는 있지만, 門戶의 격파를 주장함으로써 정주육왕을 종합하여 孔孟의 宗旨를 잇고자 하였다. 본 논문은 그의 사상발전과정과 원인 및 의의에 대하여 연구하였고, 특히 ‘明體’와 ‘明體工夫’에 대하여 중점적으로 연구하였다. 이러한 연구는 淸初 유학사상의 발전과 동향을 이해하는 데 도움을 줄뿐만 아니라 ‘天崩地解’라는 대 변혁기에 있어서 진정한 어느 한 유학자의 고뇌와 갈등을 이해할 수 있게 할 것이다. For a long time, the study on Li Yong, a thinker who was considered as one of the three great Confucian in the late Ming Dynasty and early Ching Dynasty for his thinking and personality, has been rather weak. This is not a reasonable condition. Li Yong emphasizes preserving ones moral nature(尊德性), so he stands for Lu-Wang school. At this time, in order to correct the malpractice of later offshoot of Wang Yang-Ming school, he also emphasizes intellectual inquiry(道問學). He attaches importance to practice in person, correct ones own mistakes and get original substance back. He preaches that Confucianism is a theory of Great-Man(大人) including original substance(體) activity(用). The whole original substance and the great use(全體大用) is characteristic of the philosophic theory of Li Yong. There has a turn in the developing of his thinking from Cheng-Chu school to Lu-Wang school, in the run, however, he breaks the boundary between Cheng-Chu school and Lu-Wang school, integrates all these person and comes back to Confucius and Mencius. We study the trace, reason and signification of the change of his thinking, but we lay more emphasis on his thinking about original substance(明體) and the effort to furbish original substance(明體工夫), that is to say, three chapters respectively. We think this dissertation will help understand the new trend of Confucianism in the late Ming Dynasty and early Ching Dynasty, and observe in near distance the impact on the spirit of a true Confucian when his society has a tremendous change to the moment. 李옹以其學術思想及人格力量與黃宗羲·孫奇逢合稱爲明淸之際三大儒, 然而, 長期以來, 對他的硏究不僅嚴重不足, 而且存在諸多誤解, 這是與其他位不相稱的. 李옹哲學强調“尊德性” 以立本, 不離心學立場, 又兼采“道問學” 而對王學末流的空疏無用作出了反省. 他重視反身實踐, 强調悔過自新, 宣揚儒學是體用皆備的“大人之學”, 故其哲學以“全體大用” 爲特色. 他的思想有一個由程朱而陸王的轉向, 但又主張破門戶之見, 合程朱陸王而歸宗孔孟. 本文旣硏究他的思想發展過程·原因及意義, 更各以三章篇幅重点硏究了他的“明體” 及“明體工夫” 思想. 這些硏究, 將有助于理解淸初儒學思想發展的動向, 也有助于理解如此“天崩地解”的大變局對一個眞正儒家學者在心靈上的影響.

The Rare And Endangered Plant Conservation In Chinese Botanical Gardens

( De Shun Zhang ) 한국환경생태학회 2000 한국환경생태학회 학술대회지 Vol.2000 No.1

Characterization of bacterial diversity associated with deep sea ferromanganese nodules from the South China Sea

De-Chao Zhang,Yan-Xia Liu,Xin-Zheng Li 한국미생물학회 2015 The journal of microbiology Vol.53 No.9

Deep sea ferromanganese (FeMn) nodules contain metallic mineral resources and have great economic potential. In this study, a combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent (16S rRNA genes clone library and pyrosequencing) methods was used to investigate the bacterial diversity in FeMn nodules from Jiaolong Seamount, the South China Sea. Eleven bacterial strains including some moderate thermophiles were isolated. The majority of strains belonged to the phylum Proteobacteria; one isolate belonged to the phylum Firmicutes. A total of 259 near full-length bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences in a clone library and 67,079 valid reads obtained using pyrosequencing indicated that members of the Gammaproteobacteria dominated, with the most abundant bacterial genera being Pseudomonas and Alteromonas. Sequence analysis indicated the presence of many organisms whose closest relatives are known manganese oxidizers, iron reducers, hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria and methylotrophs. This is the first reported investigation of bacterial diversity associated with deep sea FeMn nodules from the South China Sea.

Production of Transgenic Stem Mustard Plants Co-expressing Coat Protein Genes of TUMV and CMV

De-Ping Guo,Wei Zhang,Ji-Shuang Chen,Kai Zhang,Qiao-Mei Wang 한국원예학회 2006 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-

New Medical Image Fusion Approach with Coding Based on SCD in Wireless Sensor Network

Zhang, De-gan,Wang, Xiang,Song, Xiao-dong The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2015 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.10 No.6

The technical development and practical applications of big-data for health is one hot topic under the banner of big-data. Big-data medical image fusion is one of key problems. A new fusion approach with coding based on Spherical Coordinate Domain (SCD) in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) for big-data medical image is proposed in this paper. In this approach, the three high-frequency coefficients in wavelet domain of medical image are pre-processed. This pre-processing strategy can reduce the redundant ratio of big-data medical image. Firstly, the high-frequency coefficients are transformed to the spherical coordinate domain to reduce the correlation in the same scale. Then, a multi-scale model product (MSMP) is used to control the shrinkage function so as to make the small wavelet coefficients and some noise removed. The high-frequency parts in spherical coordinate domain are coded by improved SPIHT algorithm. Finally, based on the multi-scale edge of medical image, it can be fused and reconstructed. Experimental results indicate the novel approach is effective and very useful for transmission of big-data medical image(especially, in the wireless environment).

Prognostic Value of β-catenin Expression in Breast Cancer Patients: a Meta-analysis

Zhang, De-Pu,Li, Xiao-Wei,Lang, Jing-He Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.14

Background: ${\beta}$-catenin plays a crucial role in the progression of breast cancer (BC) and a prognostic role of in BC patients has been widely reported. However, controversy still remains. Materials and Methods: Identical search strategies were used to search relevant literature in electronic databases updated to July 1, 2014. Individual hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted and pooled HRs with 95%CIs were used to evaluate the strength of association between positive ${\beta}$-catenin expression in different subcellular locations and survival results of BC patients. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were performed to explore heterogeneity. Funnel plots of Begg's and Egger's linear regression test were used to investigate publication bias. Heterogeneity and sensitivity were also assessed. All the work was completed using STATA. Results: A total of 2,204 patients from 12 evaluative studies were finally included. Pooled HRs and 95%CIs suggested that ${\beta}$-catenin expression in cytoplasm/nucleus had an unfavorable impact on both overall survival (OS) (HR: 1.93, 95%CI: 1.40-2.65) and disease free survival (DFS)/ recurrent free survival (RFS) (HR: 1.60, 95%CI: 1.20-2.13) in BC patients. However, here was no significant association between ${\beta}$-catenin expression in the membranes with OS (HR: 0.65, 95%CI: 0.42-1.02) or DFS/RFS (HR: 0.66, 95%CI: 0.38-1.13). Publication bias was absent in all of the four outcomes. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the results of this meta-analysis were robust. Conclusions: Positive ${\beta}$-catenin expression in cytoplasm/nucleus rather than in membrane is a significant prognostic factor in patients with BC who have been surgically treated.

Analysis on Postoperative Efficacy of Radical Hepatectomy for Patients with Non-HBV/HCV Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Zhang, Zhi-Ming,Zhang, Yu-Mei,Yao, Feng,Yi, Ping,Huang, Shang,Liu, Jian-Yong,Xiang, Bang-De,Yuan, Wei-Ping,Li, Le-Qun Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.8

Objective: Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in stage Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC)-A were grouped based on whether they were accompanied with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection or not so as to explore the clinical characteristics and prognostic conditions of HCC patients with non-HBV/hepatitis C virus (HCV). Materials and Methods: Clinical data of 64 stage BCLC-A HCC patients with non-HBV/HCV infection (observation group) who received radical hepatectomy in the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from January, 2006 to November, 2014 were retrospectively analyzed and compared with those of 409 stage BCLC-A HCC patients with HBV infection (control group) in corresponding period. Results: The postoperative 1-, 3- and 5-year recurrent rates of the observation group were 25%, 38.6% and 48.8%, with postoperative mean and median disease-free survival time being 49.1 months and 62.0 months, respectively. Additionally, the postoperative 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates of observation group were 90.1%, 72.7% and 62.0%, with the mean and median survival times being 54.4 months and 70.0 months, respectively. Conclusions: The 1-year recurrent rate is the highest in HCC patients with non-HBV/HCV, and almost half of the patients have recurrence within 1 year, after which the recurrent rate decreases along with the time.

Potential Therapeutic Targets for the Primary Gallbladder Carcinoma: Estrogen Receptors

Zhang, Ling-Qiang,Zhang, Xiu-De,Xu, Jia,Wan, Yong,Qu, Kai,Zhang, Jing-Yao,Wang, Zhi-Xin,Wei, Ji-Chao,Meng, Fan-Di,Tai, Ming-Hui,Zhou, Lei,Liu, Chang Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.4

Gallbladder carcinoma, the most frequent malignant neoplasm of the biliary tract system, has always been considered to feature late clinical presentation and diagnosis, limited treatment options and an extremely poor prognosis. In recent years, while the incidence of gallbladder cancer has appeared to be on the increase, the available treatment methods have not greatly improved survival of the affected patients. Thus, exploring new therapeutic targets for this devastating disease is an urgent matter at present. Epidemical studies have demonstrated that the incidence of gallbladder carcinoma exhibits a distinct gender bias, affecting females two to three times more than males, pointing to crucial roles of estrogen. It is well known that estrogen acts on target tissues by binding to estrogen receptors (ERs), which are mainly divided into three subtypes, $ER{\alpha}$, $ER{\beta}$ and $ER{\gamma}$. $ER{\alpha}$ and $ER{\beta}$ appear to have overlapping but also unique even opposite biological effects. As important pathogenic mediators, ERs have been considered to relate to several kinds of tumors. In gallbladder carcinoma tissue, ERs have been shown to be positively expressed, and ERs expression levels are associated with differentiation and prognosis of this cancer. Nevertheless, the exact mechanisms of estrogen inducing growth of gallbladder carcinoma remain poorly understood. On the base of the current investigations, we deduce that estrogen participates in promotion of gallbladder carcinoma by influencing the formation of gallstones, stimulating angiogenesis, and promoting abnormal proliferation. Since ERs mediate the carcinogenic actions of estrogen in gallbladder, and therapy targeting ERs may provide new directions for gallbladder carcinoma. Therefore, it should be stressed that ERs are potential therapeutic targets for gallbladder carcinoma.

Identificaton and Analysis of Specific Fragments Associated with Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Chinese Cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis)

Zhang De. Shuang,Zhang Feng. lan,Wang Yong. jian,Fang Zhi. yuan,Yu Yang Jun,Zhao Xiu Yun,Xu Jia Bing 한국원예학회 2006 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-