A Newly Identified Glutaminase-Free L-Asparaginase (L-ASPG86) from the Marine Bacterium Mesoflavibacter zeaxanthinifaciens

( Su Jin Lee ),( Youngdeuk Lee ),( Gun Hoo Park ),( Navaneethaiyer Umasuthan ),( Soo Jin Heo ),( Mahanama De Zoysa ),( Won Kyo Jung ),( Dae Won Lee ),( Hanjun Kim ),( Do Hyung Kang ),( Chulhong Oh ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2016 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.26 No.6

L-Asparaginase (E.C. 3.5.1.1) is an enzyme involved in asparagine hydrolysis and has the potential to effect leukemic cells and various other cancer cells. We identified the Lasparaginase gene (L-ASPG86) in the genus Mesoflavibacter, which consists of a 1,035 bp open reading frame encoding 344 amino acids. Following phylogenetic analysis, the deduced amino acid sequence of L-ASPG86 (L-ASPG86) was grouped as a type I asparaginase with respective homologs in Escherichia coli and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. The L-ASPG86 gene was cloned into the pET-16b vector to express the respective protein in E. coli BL21 (DE3) cells. Recombinant L-asparaginase (r-L-ASPG86) showed optimum conditions at 37-40oC, pH 9. Moreover, r-L-ASPG86 did not exhibit glutaminase activity. In the metal ions test, its enzymatic activity was highly improved upon addition of 5 mM manganese (3.97-fold) and magnesium (3.35-fold) compared with the untreated control. The specific activity of r-LASPG86 was 687.1 units/mg under optimum conditions (37°C, pH 9, and 5 mM MnSO4).

La이 혼입된 고유전체/메탈 게이트가 적용된 나노 스케일 NMOSFET에서의 PBTI 신뢰성의 특성 분석

권혁민,한인식,박상욱,복정득,정의정,곽호영,권성규,장재형,고성용,이원묵,이희덕,Kwon, Hyuk-Min,Han, In-Shik,Park, Sang-Uk,Bok, Jung-Deuk,Jung, Yi-Jung,Kwak, Ho-Young,Kwon, Sung-Kyu,Jang, Jae-Hyung,Go, Sung-Yong,Lee, Weon-Mook,Lee, Hi-De 한국전기전자재료학회 2011 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.24 No.3

In this paper, PBTI characteristics of NMOSFETs with La incorporated HfSiON and HfON are compared in detail. The charge trapping model shows that threshold voltage shift (${\Delta}V_{\mathrm{T}}$) of NMOSFETs with HfLaON is greater than that of HfLaSiON. PBTI lifetime of HfLaSiON is also greater than that of HfLaON by about 2~3 orders of magnitude. Therefore, high charge trapping rate of HfLaON can be explained by higher trap density than HfLaSiON. The different de-trapping behavior under recovery stress can be explained by the stable energy for U-trap model, which is related to trap energy level at zero electric field in high-k dielectric. The trap energy level of two devices at zero electric field, which is extracted using Frenkel-poole emission model, is 1,658 eV for HfLaSiON and 1,730 eV for HfLaON, respectively. Moreover, the optical phonon energy of HfLaON extracted from the thermally activated gate current is greater than that of HfLaSiON.

上顎洞에 發生한 Aspergillosis의 一例報告

林大銑,宋圭鉉,朴敬浩,朴暎緖,李玩永 中央醫學社 1963 中央醫學 Vol.5 No.4

A case of secondary aspergillosis of the left maxillary sinus following chronic sinusitis in a 42 year old male coal miner specialist is reported. His chief complaints were nasal obstruction and postnasal drip of several years duration. Roentgenogram revealed marked and moderate shadow in the left and right maxillary sinuses respectively. Significant operative findings included almost paper-thin bony walls of the left maxillary sinus, and small amount of yellow greenish purulent material was drained, followed by yellowish brown semisolid tissue on further curettage. The latter specimen was found to be essentially mass of fungi, showing numerous distinctly septate, branching hyphae on the Papanicolaou stain of the direct smears of the cut surface of the specimen, and Hematoxylin-Eosin and Periodic Acid Schiff stains of paraffin sections. Pertinent aspects of clinical and pathological differential diagnosis between aspergillosis - and mucormycosis, are described. Aspergillosis presents usually benign course, with insignificant chief complaints as our case, whereas mucormycosis is most frequently associated with uncontrollable diabetics, and run usually acutely fatal course. There are three main types of ucormycosis-cerebral, pulmonary and intestinal. The characteristic broad nonseptate branching hyphae of mucor, and marked affinity to the blood vessels,, penetrating the tough walls of arteries, with thromboses and infarction, readily differentiate aspergillosis from mucormycosis.

소비자 - 기반 브랜드 자산 척도의 개발과 타당화에 관한 일 연구

리대룡,이상빈 한국방송광고공사 2006 광고연구 Vol.0 No.72

국내에서 소비자 - 기반 브랜드 자산의 측정 척도는 아직 체계적으로 개발되어 오지 않았다. 여러 개념적 및 조작적 접근 틀로부터, 그리고 제안된 여러 척도 개발 절차를 이용하여, 본 연구는 5요인(지각된 품질, 브랜드 충성, 브랜드 인식/연상, 독특성 및 할증가격 지불의 향)에 17개 문항으로 구성된 소비자 - 기반 브랜드 자산 척도를 개발하였다. 연구결과들은 본 브랜드 자산 척도가 세 가지 제품부류의 여섯 가지 브랜드에 걸쳐 신뢰할만하고 타당하다는 것을 입증해주고 있다. 논의에서 연구의 이론적이고 실무적인 함의들과 제한점들이 토의되었다. A scale to measure consumer-based brand equity has yet to be systematically devised. Drawing from various related conceptual and operational frameworks, and using numerous advocated scale developmental procedures, this research developed consumer-based brand equity comprised of five factors(perceived quality, brand loyalty, brand awareness/associations, uniqueness, and the willingness to pay a price premium for a brand) and 17 items. The results demonstrate that the brand equity scale is reliable and valid over six different brands in three product categories. Theoretical and practical implications, and the limitations of the study are discussed.

Use of Ledipasvir/Sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF) in Patients with Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease (eGFR ≤30ml/min): A Case Series

( Meghan E. Sise ),( Naim Alkhouri ),( Brian Borg ),( Sooji Lee ),( Thomas Mcquaid ),( Joseph Llewellyn ),( Macky Natha ),( Shampa De-oertel ),( Diana M. Brainard ),( Marc Carp ),( Michael Fuchs ),( H 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1

Aims: Little is known about the safety and efficacy of LDV/SOF in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) with eGFR ≤ 30 ml/min or on hemodialysis. Yet, off-label use of LDV/SOF in this population occurs. Methods: Providers proactively reporting such off-label use to Gilead Sciences were asked to submit de-identified case reports. Demographics, clinical characteristics at baseline, during, and after LDV/SOF treatment, and adverse events were collected. Summary statistics and paired sample t-tests are presented. Results: Twenty-one case summaries were submitted. Median Age was 59 (range 26-71). Eleven patients (52%) were black, 20 had genotype 1 (13-1a, 4-1b) and one patient had genotype 3. Median pretreatment viral load was 1,680,000 IU (range 133,000-37,200,000 IU). Twelve patients (56%) were on hemodialysis and 9 had CKD Stage 4 (eGFR 15-29 ml/min), 13 (62%) had cirrhosis, 11 (50%) had diabetes, 5 had history of organ transplantation (4 kidney, 1 liver). All patients received full dose LDV/SOF for 12 weeks with one patient also receiving 200 mg Ribavirin every other day in combination. Eight adverse events were reported; 2 patients (10%) with anemia, 1 case of insomnia, nausea/vomiting, headache, and chest pain (5%) each. Of the 9 patients with CKD stage 4, 2 experienced an increase in eGFR and 5 a decrease in eGFR post treatment. All 21 patients achieved SVR 12 (100%). No patient discontinued treatment due to an adverse event. Conclusions: In this small case series describing the use of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir in Patients with Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease: 62% had cirrhosis, 52% had diabetes mellitus, and 57% were on hemodialysis. All 21 patients achieved SVR12 including 12 patients on hemodialysis. LDV/SOF was relatively well tolerated and there were no treatment discontinuations. Most patients had stable renal function before and after treatment with LDV/SOF.

Expression profile of cystatin B ortholog from Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) in host pathology with respect to its structural and functional properties

Premachandra, H.K.A.,Elvitigala, D.A.S.,Whang, I.,Kim, E.,De Zoysa, M.,Lim, B.S.,Yeo, S.Y.,Kim, S.,Park, M.A.,Park, H.C.,Lee, J. Academic Press 2013 Fish & shellfish immunology Vol.34 No.6

Cystatins are a well-characterized group of cysteine protease inhibitors, which play crucial roles in physiology and immunity. In the present study, an invertebrate ortholog of cystatin B was identified in Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) (RpCytB) and characterized at the molecular level, demonstrating its inhibitory activity against the well-known cysteine protease, papain. The complete coding sequence of RpCytB (297 bp in length) encodes a 99 amino acid peptide with a calculated molecular mass of 11 kDa and a theoretical isoelectric point of 5.9. The derived peptide was found to harbor typical features of cystatin proteins, including the 'Q-X-V-X-G' motif, which was identified as QLVAG in RpCytB. Phylogenetic analysis of RpCytB revealed close evolutionary relationships with its invertebrate counterparts, especially those from mollusks. Recombinant RpCytB (rRpCytB) was overexpressed as a fusion with maltose binding protein (MBP) in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells. Purified rRpCytB fusion protein exhibited a detectable inhibitory activity against papain, while the control MBP showed an almost constant negligible activity. While quantitative RT-PCR detected ubiquitous RpCytB expression in all tissues examined, the expressions in hemocytes and gills were relatively higher. Upon in vivo immune challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the expression of RpCytB in gills and hemocytes was down-regulated. Similar challenges with poly I:C and intact Vibrio tapetis bacteria revealed a complicated transcriptional regulation, wherein mRNA expression levels fluctuated over time of exposure. Moreover, a precise induction of RpCytB expression after bacterial infection was detected in gills by in situ hybridization. Collectively, our findings in this study indicate that RpCytB expression is sensitive to host pathological conditions and may contribute cysteine protease inhibitory activity to modulate the immune response.

Defensin from disk abalone Haliotis discus discus: Molecular cloning, sequence characterization and immune response against bacterial infection

De Zoysa, M.,Whang, I.,Lee, Y.,Lee, S.,Lee, J.S.,Lee, J. Academic Press 2010 FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY Vol.28 No.2

Gene-encoded antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) serve a major role in host defense systems against pathogens. In this study, cDNA of a new mollusk defensin was identified from a normalized cDNA library constructed from whole tissues of disk abalone. Abalone defensin peptide (pro-defensin) has a 198-bp coding sequence comprised of a putative 66 amino acids with a mature defensin consisting of 48 amino acid residues. The presence of an invertebrate defensin family domain, an arrangement of six cysteine residues and their disulfide linkage in C<SUB>1</SUB>-C<SUB>4</SUB>, C<SUB>2</SUB>-C<SUB>5</SUB> and C<SUB>3</SUB>-C<SUB>6</SUB> form, an alpha helix in three-dimensional structure and a phylogenetic relationship suggests that abalone defensin could be a new member of the invertebrate defensin family, and related to arthropod defensins. In non-stimulated abalone, defensin transcripts were constitutively expressed in all examined tissues including hemocytes, gills, mantle, muscle, digestive tract and hepatopancreas. It was observed that abalone defensin transcripts were significantly induced in hemocytes, gills and digestive tract at different time intervals after infection by pathogenic bacteria mixture containing Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio parahemolyticus and Lysteria monocytogenes. Our overall results suggest that disk abalone defensin could be involved in the immune response reactions as a host defense against pathogenic bacteria.

LOXL2 expression is associated with invasiveness and negatively influences survival in breast cancer patients

Ahn, Sung Gwe,Dong, Seung Myung,Oshima, Akira,Kim, Woo Ho,Lee, Hak Min,Lee, Seung Ah,Kwon, Seung-hyun,Lee, Ji-hae,Lee, Jae Myun,Jeong, Joon,Lee, Hy-De,Green, Jeffrey E. Springer-Verlag 2013 Breast cancer research and treatment Vol.141 No.1

The Zanthoxylum schinifolium seed oil modulates immune function under the biological safety level

Seo, Joung-Wook,Park, Dae-Hun,Li, Yong-Chun,Kang, Hur-Je,Xu, Hong De,Kim, Young-Jin,Lee, Jong-Hwa,Lee, Myung-Sup,Lee, In Chul,Lee, Yun Lyul,Ahn, Jae-Bum,Cho, Soon-Chang,Lee, Min-Jae 대한독성유전단백체학회 2012 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.10 No.1

Zanthoxylum schinifolium (Z. schinifolium) and the seed oil of Z. schinifolium has been widely used as culinary applications and traditional medicine for epigastric pain in Korea, China, and several Asia nations and the components or extracts of Z. schinifolium have been reported to have pharmaceutical effects such as anti-platelet aggregation, inhibitory activities against monoamine oxidase, antioxidant and anticancer activities, and anti-inflammatory activity. In this study we got the results that 200 mg/kg/day seed oil of Z. schinifolium oral administration for 13 weeks enhances most immune-related cells and is biologically safe. However as B cell population was increased by Z. schinifolium seed oil administration but B cell function was not changed by that, ultimately we deduced that Z. schinifolium seed oil doesn't have the modulation effect about B cell. To evaluate the biological safety of repeated Z. schinifolium seed oil administration the index of biological safety such as CBC, hematological enzymes, and especially histopathological morphologies was measured but no changes related with Z. schinifolium seed oil administration had been shown. Conclusively Z. schinifolium seed oil is one of the safe candidates to modulate immunity.

Two molluscan BCL-2 family members from Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum: Molecular characterization and immune responses

Lee, Y.,Whang, I.,Lee, S.,Menike, U.,Oh, C.,Kang, D.H.,Heo, G.J.,Lee, J.,De Zoysa, M. Academic Press 2013 Fish & shellfish immunology Vol.34 No.6

Apoptosis based immune responses are important component of host defense in mollusks. In this study, we have identified two novel molluscan BCL-2 cDNAs from Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum and named as RpBCL-2A and RpBCL-2B. There were four and three highly conserved BCL-2 homology (BH) regions in RpBCL-2A and RpBCL-2B, respectively suggesting these two genes could be different isoforms of anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family. Phylogenetic results revealed that Manila clam BCL-2 genes were clustered closely with invertebrate BCL-2 members. It gives evidence of their common origin and conserved features of invertebrate BCL-2 family. RpBCL-2A and 2B were expressed in tissue-specific manner showing the highest and lowest level of expression in gills and hemocytes, respectively. However there was no clear expression profile difference between two genes. After Vibrio tapetis challenge, transcriptional responses of RpBCL-2A and RpBCL-2B were induced in gills and hemocytes with high variation that could be due to effects of immune reactions of other host defense molecules.