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Highly stable trypsin-aggregate coatings on polymer nanofibers for repeated protein digestion
Kim, Byoung Chan,Lopez-Ferrer, Daniel,Lee, Sang-Mok,Ahn, Hye-Kyung,Nair, Sujith,Kim, Seong H.,Kim, Beom Soo,Petritis, Konstantinos,Camp, David G.,Grate, Jay W.,Smith, Richard D.,Koo, Yoon-Mo,Gu, Man B WILEY-VCH Verlag 2009 Proteomics Vol.9 No.7
<P>A stable and robust trypsin-based biocatalytic system was developed and demonstrated for proteomic applications. The system utilizes polymer nanofibers coated with trypsin aggregates for immobilized protease digestions. After covalently attaching an initial layer of trypsin to the polymer nanofibers, highly concentrated trypsin molecules are crosslinked to the layered trypsin by way of a glutaraldehyde treatment. This process produced a 300-fold increase in trypsin activity compared with a conventional method for covalent trypsin immobilization, and proved to be robust in that it still maintained a high level of activity after a year of repeated recycling. This highly stable form of immobilized trypsin was resistant to autolysis, enabling repeated digestions of BSA over 40 days and successful peptide identification by LC-MS/MS. This active and stable form of immobilized trypsin was successfully employed in the digestion of yeast proteome extract with high reproducibility and within shorter time than conventional protein digestion using solution phase trypsin. Finally, the immobilized trypsin was resistant to proteolysis when exposed to other enzymes (i.e., chymotrypsin), which makes it suitable for use in “real-world” proteomic applications. Overall, the biocatalytic nanofibers with trypsin aggregate coatings proved to be an effective approach for repeated and automated protein digestion in proteomic analyses.</P>
Selective Contact Anneal Effects on Indium Oxide Nanowire Transistors using Femtosecond Laser
Kim, Seongmin,Kim, Sunkook,Srisungsitthisunti, Pornsak,Lee, Chunghun,Xu, Min,Ye, Peide D.,Qi, Minghao,Xu, Xianfan,Zhou, Chongwu,Ju, Sanghyun,Janes, David B. American Chemical Society 2011 JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C - Vol.115 No.34
<P>Nanowire materials have gained great interest as promising candidates for high-performance logic devices to sustain the progress in device scaling. However, little research has been conducted to investigate the role of contacts on the device performance accompanied by an appropriate physical model in nanodevices, although effects of the contacts will prevail as the channel scales. In this study, we investigate the effect of annealing using a femtosecond-laser focused at the contact region between the source-drain electrodes and the nanowire. On the basis of the direct comparison of device characteristics before and after annealing, a contact model is introduced, which could be generally applicable to nanowire transistors with overlap between gate region and source-drain regions. Low-frequency noise measurements in the devices reveal that the <I>I</I><SUB>d</SUB><SUP>2</SUP> normalized noise spectrum and Hooge’s constant are reduced following laser annealing.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2011/jpccck.2011.115.issue-34/jp203342j/production/images/medium/jp-2011-03342j_0004.gif'></P>
Kim, Y.,Han, S.,Yeom, M.,Kim, H.,Lim, J.,Cha, J.Y.,Kim, W.Y.,Somers, David E.,Putterill, J.,Nam, H.,Hwang, D. Cell Press 2013 Developmental cell Vol.26 No.1
Biological networks consist of a defined set of regulatory motifs. Subcellular compartmentalization of regulatory molecules can provide a further dimension in implementing regulatory motifs. However, spatial regulatory motifs and their roles in biological networks have rarely been explored. Here we show, using experimentation and mathematical modeling, that spatial segregation of GIGANTEA (GI), a critical component of plant circadian systems, into nuclear and cytosolic compartments leads to differential functions as positive and negative regulators of the circadian core gene, LHY, forming an incoherent feedforward loop to regulate LHY. This regulatory motif formed by nucleocytoplasmic partitioning of GI confers, through the balanced operation of the nuclear and cytosolic GI, strong rhythmicity and robustness to external and internal noises to the circadian system. Our results show that spatial and functional segregation of a single molecule species into different cellular compartments provides a means for extending the regulatory capabilities of biological networks.
Kim, David D,Asif, Asma,Kataria, Sandeep The Korean Pain Society 2016 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.29 No.3
Background: Phenol and alcohol have been used to ablate nerves to treat pain but are not specific for nerves and can damage surrounding soft tissue. Lidocaine at concentrations > 8% injected intrathecal in the animal model has been shown to be neurotoxic. Tests the hypothesis that 10% lidocaine is neurolytic after a peri-neural blockade in an ex vivo experiment on the canine sciatic nerve. Methods: Under ultrasound, one canine sciatic nerve was injected peri-neurally with 10 cc saline and another with 10 cc of 10% lidocaine. After 20 minutes, the sciatic nerve was dissected with gross inspection. A 3 cm segment was excised and preserved in 10% buffered formalin fixative solution. Both samples underwent progressive dehydration and infusion of paraffin after which they were placed on paraffin blocks. The sections were cut at $4{\mu}m$ and stained with hemoxylin and eosin. Microscopic review was performed by a pathologist from Henry Ford Hospital who was blinded to which experimental group each sample was in. Results: The lidocaine injected nerve demonstrated loss of gross architecture on visual inspection while the saline injected nerve did not. No gross changes were seen in the surrounding soft tissue seen in either group. The lidocaine injected sample showed basophilic degeneration with marked cytoplasmic vacuolation in the nerve fibers with separation of individual fibers and endoneurial edema. The saline injected sample showed normal neural tissue. Conclusions: Ten percent lidocaine causes rapid neurolytic changes with ultrasound guided peri-neural injection. The study was limited by only a single nerve being tested with acute exposure.
( David D Kim ),( Asma Asif ),( Sandeep Kataria ) 대한통증학회 2016 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.29 No.3
Background: Phenol and alcohol have been used to ablate nerves to treat pain but are not specific for nerves and can damage surrounding soft tissue. Lidocaine at concentrations > 8% injected intrathecal in the animal model has been shown to be neurotoxic. Tests the hypothesis that 10% lidocaine is neurolytic after a peri-neural blockade in an ex vivo experiment on the canine sciatic nerve. Methods: Under ultrasound, one canine sciatic nerve was injected peri-neurally with 10 cc saline and another with 10 cc of 10% lidocaine. After 20 minutes, the sciatic nerve was dissected with gross inspection. A 3 cm segment was excised and preserved in 10% buffered formalin fixative solution. Both samples underwent progressive dehydration and infusion of paraffin after which they were placed on paraffin blocks. The sections were cut at 4 mm and stained with hemoxylin and eosin. Microscopic review was performed by a pathologist from Henry Ford Hospital who was blinded to which experimental group each sample was in. Results: The lidocaine injected nerve demonstrated loss of gross architecture on visual inspection while the saline injected nerve did not. No gross changes were seen in the surrounding soft tissue seen in either group. The lidocaine injected sample showed basophilic degeneration with marked cytoplasmic vacuolation in the nerve fibers with separation of individual fibers and endoneurial edema. The saline injected sample showed normal neural tissue. Conclusions: Ten percent lidocaine causes rapid neurolytic changes with ultrasound guided peri-neural injection. The study was limited by only a single nerve being tested with acute exposure. (Korean J Pain 2016; 29: 158-63)
Optical spectroscopy of the carrier dynamics in LaVO3/SrVO3superlattices
Jeong, D. W.,Choi, Woo Seok,Kang, T. D.,Sohn, C. H.,David, A.,Rotella, H.,Sirenko, A. A.,Lee, Cheol Hyeok,Kim, Jae H.,Lü,ders, U.,Prellier, W.,Kim, Y.-J.,Lee, Yun Sang,Noh, T. W. American Physical Society 2011 Physical review. B, Condensed matter and materials Vol.84 No.11
Isaac E. Kim Jr.,Daniel D. Kim,Juliana E. Kim,Elliott Rebello,David Chung,Parker Woolley,Daniel Lee,Brittany A. Borden,Aaron Wang,Douglas Villalta,Agatha Sutherland,Sebastian De Armas,Matthew Liu,Hann 한국의학교육학회 2022 Korean journal of medical education Vol.34 No.2
Purpose: Medical schools have faced various challenges in preparing their clinical students for the frontlines of a pandemic. This study investigated medical students’ satisfaction with their institutions during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic with the intention of guiding educators in future public health crises. Methods: In this cross-sectional study surveying students in clinical rotations, the primary outcome was overall satisfaction regarding medical schools’ responses to the pandemic, and the four secondary outcomes were school communication, exposure to COVID-19, availability of personal protective equipment, and access to COVID-19 testing. Results: The survey was distributed to ten medical schools, of which 430 students responded for a response rate of 13.0%. While most students were satisfied (61.9%, n=266) with their schools’ response, more than one in five (21.9%, n=94) were dissatisfied. Among the four secondary outcomes, communication with students was most predictive of overall satisfaction. Conclusion: In future crises, schools can best improve student satisfaction by prioritizing timely communication.
Digital Museum of Retinal Ganglion Cells with Dense Anatomy and Physiology
Bae, J. Alexander,Mu, Shang,Kim, Jinseop S.,Turner, Nicholas L.,Tartavull, Ignacio,Kemnitz, Nico,Jordan, Chris S.,Norton, Alex D.,Silversmith, William M.,Prentki, Rachel,Sorek, Marissa,David, Celia,Jo Elsevier 2018 Cell Vol.173 No.5
<P><B>Summary</B></P> <P>When 3D electron microscopy and calcium imaging are used to investigate the structure and function of neural circuits, the resulting datasets pose new challenges of visualization and interpretation. Here, we present a new kind of digital resource that encompasses almost 400 ganglion cells from a single patch of mouse retina. An online “museum” provides a 3D interactive view of each cell’s anatomy, as well as graphs of its visual responses. The resource reveals two aspects of the retina’s inner plexiform layer: an arbor segregation principle governing structure along the light axis and a density conservation principle governing structure in the tangential plane. Structure is related to visual function; ganglion cells with arbors near the layer of ganglion cell somas are more sustained in their visual responses on average. Our methods are potentially applicable to dense maps of neuronal anatomy and physiology in other parts of the nervous system.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A digital “museum” provides dense anatomy and physiology of retinal ganglion cells </LI> <LI> The inner plexiform layer divides into four sublaminae defined by anatomical criteria </LI> <LI> The aggregate neurite density of a ganglion cell type is approximately uniform </LI> <LI> Inner marginal ganglion cells exhibit significantly more sustained visual responses </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical Abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>