QUANTIFICATION OF β-GALACTOSIDASE TO MEASURE INTESTINAL DAMAGE IN ROTAVIRUS INFECTED CALVES

Agrawal, D.K.,Singh, N.P. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1993 Animal Bioscience Vol.6 No.3

Quantitative ${\beta}$-galactosidase estimation in the intestinal mucosal cells of calves with diarrhea under experimental conditions due to rotavirus were undertaken. A quantitative decrease of 40-70% in ${\beta}$-galactosidase activity was observed in proximal and middle segments of the small intestine of the infected calves, more so in the middle segments. The decrease in the distal part of the intestine, however, was lesser (5 to 30%). The decrease in the activity was more marked on the day 2 to 6 post infection indicating the degree of the damage of the villi of the small intestine.

X-RAY ASTRONOMY EXPERIMENT ON THE INDIAN SATELLITE IRS-P3

AGRAWAL P. C.,PAUL B.,RAO A. R.,SHAH M. R.,MCKERJEE K.,VARIA M. N.,YADAV J. S.,DEDHIA D. K.,MALKAR J. P.,SHAH P.,DAMLE S. V.,MARAR T. M. K.,SEETHA S. The Korean Astronomical Society 1996 Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society Vol.29 No.suppl1

An x-ray astronomy experiment consisting of three collimated proportional counters and an X-ray Sky Monitor (XSM) was flown aboard the Indian Satellite IRS-P3 launched on March 21, 1996 from SHAR range in India. The Satellite is in a circular orbit of 830 km altitude with an orbital inclination of $98^{\circ}$ and has three axis stabilized pointing capability. Each pointed-mode Proportional Counter (PPC) is a multilayer, multianode unit filled with P-10 gas ($90\%$ Ar + $10\%\;CH_4$) at 800 torr and having an aluminized mylar window of 25 micron thickness. The three PPCs are identical and have a field of view of $2^{\circ}{\times}2^{\circ}$ defined by silver coated aluminium honeycomb collimators. The total effective area of the three PPCs is about 1200 $cm^2$. The PPCs are sensitive in 2-20 keV band. The XSM consists of a pin-hole of 1 $cm^2$ area placed 16 cm above the anode plane of a 32 cm$\times$32 cm position sensitive proportional counter sensitive in 3-8 keV interval. The position of the x-ray events is determined by charge division technique using nichrome wires as anodes. The principal objective of this experiment is to carry out timing studies of x-ray pulsars, x-ray binaries and other rapidly varying x-ray sources. The XSM will be used to detect transient x-ray sources and monitor intensity of bright x-ray binaries. Observations of black-hole binary Cyg X-1 and few other binary sources were carried out in early May and July-August 1996 period. Details of the x-ray detector characteristics are presented and preliminary results from the observations are discussed.

Effect of fever on pharmacokinetics and dosage regimen of intramuscularly administered amikacin in goats

A. K. Agrawal,S. D. Singh,C. Jayachandran 대한수의학회 2001 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.2 No.2

Haematological and Immunological Response in Lambs Fed on Raw and Variously Processed Cottonseed Meal

Nagalakshmi, D.,Sastry, V.R.B.,Agrawal, D.K.,Katiyar, R.C. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2001 Animal Bioscience Vol.14 No.1

An experiment was conducted with twenty crossbred male lambs to assess the effect of cotton (Gossypium) seed meal (CSM) on blood constituents and immunity. Lambs were randomly assigned to a reference diet (30% deoiled peanut meal, DPNM) and four test diets containing 40% of either raw, 45 minutes cooked, 1% $Ca(OH)_2$ and iron (1 free gossy-pol, FG : 0.3 Fe) treated CSM (replacing approximately 50%, reference concentrate mixture). These isonitrogenous and isocaloric concentrate mixtures were fed to meet 80% of protein requirements (NRC, 1985) along with ad lib maize hay for 180 days. Blood was collected at 60, 120 and 180 days post feeding. The lambs were sensitized with Brucella abortus S99 antigen after 140 days and were subjected to ELISA and delayed type hypersensitivity. Blood haemoglobin, erythrocyte count, leucocyte count, total protein, total albumin, total globulin, urea, creatinine concentration and aspartate aminotransferase activity in lambs fed on raw or processed CSM were comparable to the values of reference lambs. The higher (p<0.01) blood glucose levels observed in CSM fed lambs at 60 days of feeding was latter reduced to the levels comparable with those on reference diet at 120 and 180 days of feeding. The alanine amino transferase activity was lower in lambs fed raw and cooked CSM containing diets at 120 and 180 days of feeding. A marginal increase in serum iron and alkaline posphatase activity was observed in iron treated group and raw CSM fed lambs, respectively. The humoral immune response and DTH reactivity was lower (p<0.05) in lambs fed raw CSM (consuming 302.83 mg FG/day). Cooking, $Ca(OH)_2$ and iron treatment of raw CSM showed a positive response in alleviating the suppression of immune response owing to the reduced consumption of FG by 40.19, 17.40% and 26.73%, respectively in these diets. The present study thus indicated that consumption of 40% raw CSM (302.83 mg FG/day) though did not affect majority of the haematological and blood biochemical parameters, but markedly suppressed the immune mechanism of lambs.

Relative Performance of Fattening Lambs on Raw and Processed Cottonseed Meal Incorporated Diets

Nagalakshmi, D.,Sastry, V.R.B.,Agrawal, D.K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2003 Animal Bioscience Vol.16 No.1

In order to find the feasibility of feeding raw or processed cotton (Gossypium) seed meal (CSM), 30 male crossbred lambs were randomly assigned to 5 dietary treatments with 6 animals each. Lambs were fed each of the isonitrogenous and isocaloric concentrate mixtures containing 30% deoiled groundnut cake (DGNC) (reference diet), 40% raw, 45 minute cooked, 1% $Ca(OH)_2$ or iron (1 part free gossypol:0.3 parts iron) treated CSM (replacing about 50% nitrogen moiety of reference concentrate mixture). The concentrate mixture was fed to meet 80% of CP requirements (NRC, 1985) along with ad libitum maize (Zea mays) hay for 180 days. Incorporation of raw or processed CSM did not affect the palatability of diets as evidenced by higher (p<0.01) or comparable overall daily intakes of DM and protein (CP and Digestible CP) per kg $W^{0.75}$ by lambs in comparison to reference group. Intakes of DE and ME increased (p<0.01) due to inclusion $Ca(OH)_2$ treated CSM in diets, while the intakes were lower (p<0.01) on iron treated CSM based diet when compared with reference diet. The intakes of DM, CP, TDN, DE and ME by reference and experimental lambs were higher than the requirements stipulated by NRC (1985). The growth rate was highest (p<0.01) in lambs fed on diets with cooked CSM followed by those fed raw or $Ca(OH)_2$ treated CSM based diets. The growth of lambs fed on iron treated CSM diets was depressed (p<0.01) in comparison to that of other experimental lambs probably due to increased iron intake (889 mg/kg DM of diet) which was much higher than the toxic levels of 500 ppm (NRC, 1980). The lambs on various diets utilized DM with similar efficiency while the utilization of energy (TDN, DE and ME) was more efficient (p<0.01) when the diets contained raw or cooked CSM in comparison to that of reference diet. The lambs fed raw and $Ca(OH)_2$ treated CSM incorporated diets utilized DCP with higher (p<0.01) efficiency than the lambs fed reference diet. The feed cost per kg weight gain was lower (p<0.01) on raw, cooked and $Ca(OH)_2$ treated CSM based diets in comparison to reference diet. Cooking of CSM for 45 minutes further reduced the feed cost of weight gain.

A Scalable Explicit Multicast Protocol for MANETs

H. Gossain,K. Anand,C. Cordeiro,D. P. Agrawal 한국통신학회 2005 Journal of communications and networks Vol.7 No.3

Structural and electrical properties of microwave -processed BaTiO3 ceramics

ChandraPrakash,O.P.Thakur,D.K.Agrawal 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2002 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.3 No.2

Barium titanate (BaTiO3) was synthesized and sintered by microwave processing at 2.45 GHz. Appropriate amounts of BaCO3 and TiO2 were used as starting materials for the synthesis. BaTiO3 phase was obtained by heating the precursors in a multimode microwave cavity at 1450oC for just 25 minutes. The synthesis and sintering were carried out in air. A relative density of 97% was obtained. By contrast, it was found that to achieve the same densification, it required 4 hours of soaking at 1450oC in a conventional sintering process. The dielectric properties show the abrupt discontinuities in dielectric constant vs. temperature plots; typical properties of first order transitions. Above the Curie temperature the dielectric constant follows Curie-Weiss law with Curie constant C=1.3-1.4´105 oC.

Interaction analysis of a building frame supported on pile groups

Dode, P.A.,Chore, H.S.,Agrawal, D.K. Techno-Press 2014 Coupled systems mechanics Vol.3 No.3

The study deals with the physical modeling of a typical building frame resting on pile foundation and embedded in cohesive soil mass using complete three-dimensional finite element analysis. Two different pile groups comprising four piles ($2{\times}2$) and nine piles ($3{\times}3$) are considered. Further, three different pile diameters along with the various pile spacings are considered. The elements of the superstructure frame and those of the pile foundation are descretized using twenty-node isoparametric continuum elements. The interface between the pile and pile and soil is idealized using sixteen-node isoparametric surface elements. The current study is an improved version of finite element modeling for the soil elements compared to the one reported in the literature (Chore and Ingle 2008). The soil elements are discretized using eight-, nine- and twelve-node continuum elements. Both the elements of superstructure and substructure (i.e., foundation) including soil are assumed to remain in the elastic state at all the time. The interaction analysis is carried out using sub-structure approach in the parametric study. The total stress analysis is carried out considering the immediate behaviour of the soil. The effect of various parameters of the pile foundation such as spacing in a group and number piles in a group, along with pile diameter, is evaluated on the response of superstructure. The response includes the displacement at the top of the frame and bending moment in columns. The soil-structure interaction effect is found to increase displacement in the range of 58 -152% and increase the absolute maximum positive and negative moments in the column in the range of 14-15% and 26-28%, respectively. The effect of the soil- structure interaction is observed to be significant for the configuration of the pile groups and the soil considered in the present study.

Performance and Energy Consumption Analysis of 802.11 with FEC Codes over Wireless Sensor Networks

J.-S. Ahn,J.-H. Yoon,K.-W. Lee,C. Cordeiro,D. P. Agrawal 한국통신학회 2007 Journal of communications and networks Vol.9 No.3

Interaction analysis of a building frame suppoted on pile groups

Dode, P.A.,Chore, H.S.,Agrawal, D.K. Techno-Press 2014 Interaction and multiscale mechanics Vol.7 No.1

The study deals with the physical modeling of a typical building frame resting on pile foundation and embedded in cohesive soil mass using complete three-dimensional finite element analysis. Two different pile groups comprising four piles ($2{\times}2$) and nine piles ($3{\times}3$) are considered. Further, three different pile diameters along with the various pile spacings are considered. The elements of the superstructure frame and those of the pile foundation are descretized using twenty-node isoparametric continuum elements. The interface between the pile and pile cap is idealized using sixteen-node isoparametric surface elements. The current study is an improved version of finite element modeling for the soil elements compared to the one reported in the literature (Chore and Ingle 2008). The soil elements are discretized using eight-, nine- and twelve-node continuum elements. Both the elements of superstructure and substructure (i.e., foundation) including soil are assumed to remain in the elastic state at all the time. The interaction analysis is carried out using sub-structure approach in the parametric study. The total stress analysis is carried out considering the immediate behaviour of the soil. The effect of various parameters of the pile foundation such as spacing in a group and number piles in a group, along with pile diameter, is evaluated on the response of superstructure. The response includes the displacement at the top of the frame and bending moment in columns. The soil-structure interaction effect is found to increase displacement in the range of 58-152% and increase the absolute maximum positive and negative moments in the column in the range of 14-15% and 26-28%, respectively. The effect of the soil- structure interaction is observed to be significant for the configuration of the pile groups and the soil considered in the present study.