Effect of Cooking Methods and Fat Levels on the Physico-chemical, Processing, Sensory and Microbial Quality of Buffalo Meat Patties

Mohammad, Nisar P.U.,Chatli, M.K.,Sharma, D.K.,Sahoo, J. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2010 Animal Bioscience Vol.23 No.10

Buffalo meat patties with two fat levels, F1 (15% added fat) and F2 (5% added fat and 3% tapioca starch), were cooked in a pre-heated hot air oven (HO) at $175{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ for 15 min, in a microwave oven (MO) for 70 sec and by pressure cooking (PC) at 15 psi pressure for 10 min. and compared for physico-chemical, processing, sensory and microbiological quality attributes. F2 had significantly (p<0.05) higher value for the moisture and moisture protein ratio than F1. However, MO and PC patties had significantly (p<0.05) higher moisture content than HO-cooked buffalo meat patties irrespective of fat content. Highest fat percentage was in MO patties while the minimum was in PC patties. Moisture and fat retention and cooking yield were highest in MO patties irrespective of added fat content in the formulation. Cooking yield and dimensional parameters were better maintained in F2 than F1. Sensory scores viz. appearance and color, flavour, juiciness and texture for HO patties were better than other cooking methods. Sensory panelists rated overall acceptability of HO patties very good to excellent, whereas PC and MO patties were rated as good to very good irrespective of fat content. Microbiological quality was comparable in both groups irrespective of cooking methods used.

Genetic Studies on Faecal Egg Counts and Packed Cell Volume Following Natural Haemonchus contortus Infection and Their Relationships with Liveweight in Muzaffarnagari Sheep

Yadav, N.K.,Mandal, Ajoy,Sharma, D.K.,Rout, P.K.,Roy, R. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.11

A total of 437 animals, comprising lambs aged between 3 and 12 months and adults of either sex of Muzaffarnagari sheep maintained at the Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Farah, Mathura, India were screened to assess the prevalence of Haemonchus contortus infection following natural infection and to identify the various factors affecting faecal egg count (FEC) and packed cell volume (PCV) of ewes and their genetic control. The relationships between FEC, PCV and body weight were also estimated. The prevalence rate for H. contortus infection in the flock under study was 15.7% indicating much lower occurrence of worm infection in lambs up to one year of age. On the other hand, a large proportion i.e., 67.7% of sheep was refractive to natural H. contortus infection. The random effect of sire significantly contributed (p<0.01) variation in log-transformed FEC (LFEC) of ewes. The season of birth had a significant (p<0.01) effect on LFEC of ewes. The lactating ewes had significantly (p<0.01) higher faecal egg counts compared to dry and pregnant ewes. The linear regression effects of the age of ewes on LFEC of animals were significant (p<0.01) in the present study. The heritabilities of LFEC, PCV and body weights of ewes during the course of infection were moderate to high in magnitude and ranged from 0.24 to 0.47. The LFEC of ewes was significantly (p<0.05) and negatively correlated with PCV at both genetic and phenotypic level. The genetic and phenotypic relationships between LFEC and body weights of ewes were -0.26 and -0.06 for this breed. The genetic correlation of PCV and body weight of ewes was positive and high (0.58) and statistically significant (p<0.05) but it was negatively correlated (-0.01) with body weight at the phenotypic level.

Effect of Dietary Fiber Enrichment and Different Cooking Methods on Quality of Chicken Nuggets

Ashok K. Pathera,C. S. Riar,Sanjay Yadav,D. P. Sharma 한국축산식품학회 2017 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.37 No.3

The effect of dietary fiber enrichment (wheat bran) and cooking methods (oven, steam and microwave) on functional and physico-chemical properties of raw nuggets formulation as well as nutritional, color and textural properties of chicken nuggets were analyzed in this study. Among different cooking methods used for nuggets preparation, steam cooked nuggets had significantly (p<0.05) higher water holding capacity (56.65%), cooking yield (97.16%) and total dietary fiber content (4.32%) in comparison to oven and microwave cooked nuggets. The effect of cooking methods and wheat bran incorporation was also noticed on textural properties of the nuggets. Hardness, firmness and toughness values of oven and steam cooked nuggets were significantly (p<0.05) higher than microwave cooked nuggets. Among nuggets prepared by different cooking methods, cohesiveness of microwave cooked nuggets was found to be significantly (p<0.05) highest, whereas, oven cooked nuggets had significantly (p<0.05) highest gumminess and chewiness values. Steam cooked nuggets were found to be better among all nuggets due to their higher cooking yield and dietary fiber content.

Studies on Inbreeding and Its Effects on Growth and Fleece Traits of Muzaffarnagari Sheep

Mandal, Ajoy,Pant, K.P.,Notter, D.R.,Rout, P.K.,Roy, R.,Sinha, N.K.,Sharma, N. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2005 Animal Bioscience Vol.18 No.10

A pedigree file of 4,738 records of a purebred flock of Muzaffarnagari sheep, maintained at Central Institute for Research on Goats (CIRG), Makhdoom, for a period of 24 years (1978 to 2001) was used to calculate inbreeding coefficients. The lambtraits studied were birth, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months weights as well as 6 and 12 months fleece yields. The lambs' and ewes' inbreeding coefficients ranged from 0 to 26.4% and 0 to 25%, respectively. The average inbreeding coefficient of lambs was higher than that of ewes in all periods as expected in a closed flock. Fluctuations in lamb and ewe inbreeding were observed in the periods under study. The percentages of animals in the higher inbred categories varied somewhat but generally were relatively constant. The mean rate of inbreeding was 0.63% per generation. The effective population size of the flock was 79.1. On average, an increase of 1% individual inbreeding significantly (p<0.05) reduced weights at birth by 0.010 kg, at 3 month by 0.048 kg, at 6 month by 0.075 kg, at 9 month by 0.129 kg and at 12 month by 0.112 kg. Ewes' inbreeding had non-significant effects on body weight at all ages. Effects of both lambs' and ewes' inbreeding had negative but non-significant effects on fleece weights at 6 and 12 months of age. Thus, inbreeding depression in lambs significantly reduced body weights from birth to 12 months of age but had a negligible effect on fleece yields.

Stellar contents and star formation in the young star cluster Be 59

Pandey, A. K.,Sharma, Saurabh,Ogura, K.,Ojha, D. K.,Chen, W. P.,Bhatt, B. C.,Ghosh, S. K. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2008 Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Vol.383 No.3

<P>ABSTRACT</P><P>We present <I>UBV I</I><SUB><I>c</I></SUB> CCD photometry of the young open cluster Be 59 with the aim to study the star formation scenario in the cluster. The radial extent of the cluster is found to be ∼10 arcmin (2.9 pc). The interstellar extinction in the cluster region varies between <I>E</I>(<I>B</I>−<I>V</I>) ≃ 1.4 to 1.8 mag. The ratio of total-to-selective extinction in the cluster region is estimated as 3.7 ± 0.3. The distance of the cluster is found to be 1.00 ± 0.05 kpc. Using near-infrared (NIR) colours and slitless spectroscopy, we have identified young stellar objects (YSOs) in the open cluster Be 59 region. The ages of these YSOs range between <1 and ∼2 Myr, whereas the mean age of the massive stars in the cluster region is found to be ∼2 Myr. There is evidence for second-generation star formation outside the boundary of the cluster, which may be triggered by massive stars in the cluster. The slope of the initial mass function, Γ, in the mass range 2.5 < <I>M</I>/M<SUB>⊙</SUB>≤ 28 is found to be −1.01 ± 0.11 which is shallower than the Salpeter value (−1.35), whereas in the mass range 1.5 < <I>M</I>/M<SUB>⊙</SUB>≤ 2.5 the slope is almost flat. The slope of the <I>K</I>-band luminosity function is estimated as 0.27 ± 0.02, which is smaller than the average value (∼0.4) reported for young embedded clusters. Approximately 32 per cent of Hα emission stars of Be 59 exhibit NIR excess indicating that inner discs of the T Tauri star (TTS) population have not dissipated. The Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX) and <I>IRAS-HIRES</I> images around the cluster region are also used to study the emission from unidentified infrared bands and to estimate the spatial distribution of optical depth of warm and cold interstellar dust.</P>

Investigations on magnetic and electrical properties of Zn doped Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles and their correlation with local electronic structures

Kumar, Parmod,Sharma, Vikas,Singh, Jitendra P.,Kumar, Ashish,Chahal, Surjeet,Sachdev, K.,Chae, K.H.,Kumar, Ashok,Asokan, K.,Kanjilal, D. Elsevier 2019 Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials Vol.489 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Present work aims at investigating the structural, magnetic and dielectric properties of zinc doped Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> nanoparticles (pure, 10%, 20% & 30%) and correlated with their local electronic structures using X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction and Raman measurements infer that doping of Zn cations lead to the formation of secondary phases corresponding to ZnFe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> along with the hematite phase of Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>. Magnetic measurements show that magnetization vs magnetic field curve for 10% Zn doping exhibit maximum saturation magnetization (~2.93 × 10<SUP>−3</SUP> emu/g) as well as the coercivity (~956 Oe). The values of these parameters decrease for higher content of Zn. The temperature dependence of dielectric behaviour follows the same trend as that of the lattice parameter and magnetic measurements. The XANES spectra at Fe L- and Fe K-edges indicate partial reduction of Fe<SUP>3+</SUP> ions into Fe<SUP>2+</SUP> upon Zn doping in the Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> lattice. However, divalent state is favourable for Zn (i.e. Zn<SUP>2+</SUP>) within the doping range reported in this study.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Zn doped Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> nanoparticles. </LI> <LI> Study of magnetic and electrical properties. </LI> <LI> Correlation of magnetic and electrical properties with local electronic structure. </LI> </UL> </P>

EFFECT OF LONG TERM SELECTION ON GENETIC PARAMETERS OF ECONOMIC TRAITS IN WHITE LEGHORN

Sharma, D.,Johari, D.C.,Kataria, M.C.,Singh, B.P.,Singh, D.P.,Hazary, R.C. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1996 Animal Bioscience Vol.9 No.4

The genetic parameters for various economic traits were estimated in a White Leghorn population selected for part period egg production over 16 generations. In early part of selection, egg number had moderate to high heritability (0.26 to 0.51) while age at sexual maturity, egg weight and body weight at 20 and 40 weeks of age had high heritability (0.54 to 0.83). The sire component heritability for all the traits except 20 week body weight declined in later periods of selection. Sex linked gene effects for egg number and age at sexual maturity were more important in early periods of selection in comparison to the later periods, while maternal effects remained important for 20 week body weight in all the periods. Egg number was negatively correlated with egg weight ($r_{G(S)}=-0.36$), age at sexual maturity ($r_{G(S)}=-0.84$) and 40 week body weight ($r_{G(S)}=-0.84$), while it was positively correlated with 20 week body weight ($r_{G(S)}=-0.34$) in base generation. The genetic association between egg number and 40 week body weight changed not only in magnitude but also in direction in later periods. The genetic correlation of egg number with egg weight as well as with age at sexual maturity also decreased in magnitude in later periods of selection.

Influence of Bi and N related impurity states on the band structure and band offsets of GaSbBiN alloys

D.P. Samajdar,Utsa Das,A.S. Sharma,Subhasis Das,S. Dhar 한국물리학회 2016 Current Applied Physics Vol.16 No.12

The perturbed band structure of a proposed material GaSbBiN, formed by the incorporation of N and Bi in GaSb, is calculated using a 16 band k·p Hamiltonian. The changes in band gap (Eg), spin-orbit splitting energy (DSO), conduction band offset (DEc) and valence band offset (DEv) are investigated as functions of N and Bi mole fractions. In the low temperature regime, the addition of Bi and N to GaSb causes substantial reduction in the band gap and enhances the spin-orbit splitting energy, thereby making Eg < DSO which is expected to improve the thermal stability and high-temperature efficiency of photonic devices by the suppression of different loss mechanisms. The values of DEc and DEv for GaSbBiN alloys, calculated with reference to the host GaSb lattice, increase with the increase in Bi and N concentrations. Calculations indicate that DEc > DEv which is required for electron confinement in order to get improved temperature-insensitive characteristics of optoelectronic devices.

Kinetics and Mechanism of Ruthenium(III) Catalyzed Oxidation of Butanone and Uncatalyzed Oxidation of Cychlohexanone by Cerium(IV) in Acid Sulphate Medium

Sharma, Priyamvada,Hemkar, Shalini,Khandelwal, C.L.,Sharma, P.D. Korean Chemical Society 2012 대한화학회지 Vol.56 No.1

The kinetics of ruthenium(III) chloride catalyzed oxidation of butanone and uncatalyzed oxidation of cyclohexanone by cerium(IV) in sulphuric acid medium have been studied. The kinetic rate law(I) in case of butanone conforms to the proposed mechanism. $$-\frac{1}{2}\frac{d[Ce^{IV}]}{dt}=\frac{kK[Ru^{III}][butanone]}{1+K[butanone]}$$ (1). However, oxidation of cyclohexanone in absence of catalyst accounts for the rate eqn. (2). $$-\frac{1}{2}\frac{[Ce^{IV}]}{dt}=\frac{(k_1+k_1K^'[H^+])[Ce^{IV}][Cyclohexanone]}{1+K_3[HSO_4^-]}$$ (2) Kinetics and activation parameters have been evaluated conventionally. Kinetically preferred mode of reaction is via ketonic and not the enolic forms.

Prevalence of Phytophthora Blight of Pigeonpea in the Deccan Plateau of India

Sharma, M.,Pande, S.,Pathak, M.,Rao, J. Narayana,Kumar, P. Anil,Reddy, D. Madhusudan,Benagi, V.I.,Mahalinga, D.M.,Zhote, K.K.,Karanjkar, P.N.,Eksinghe, B.S. The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2006 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.22 No.4

Phytophthora blight(PB), caused by Phytophthora drechsleri f. sp. cajani is the third potentially important disease of pigeonpea in the Deccan Plateau(DP) of India after wilt and sterility mosaic. In the rainy-season of 2005, an outbreak of PB was seen throughout DP. To quantify the incidence and spread of the disease, a systematic survey was conducted in the major pigeonpea growing regions of DP during the crop season 2005. Attempts were made to determine the effect of cropping systems on the PB development and identify resistant cultivars, if any, grown by farmers and on research farms. Widespread incidence of PB was recorded on improved, and or local cultivars grown in different intercropping systems. Majority of improved cultivars grown at research farms were found susceptible to PB(>10% disease incidence). Pigeonpea intercropped with groundnut, black gram and coriander had less disease incidence(${\leq}10%$). Three wilt and SM resistant pigeonpea cultivars KPL 96053, ICPL 99044, and ICPL 93179 were found resistant(<10%) to PB as well. However, their resistance to PB needs confirmation under optimum disease development environments.