http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Conor James Craig Gouk,Ryan Mark Shulman,Craig Buchan,Michael John Evan Thomas,Fraser James Taylor 대한정형외과학회 2019 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.11 No.2
Background: Massive retracted rotator cuff tears represent a therapeutic dilemma, particularly in the young and middle-aged patients who are not appropriate for a reverse total shoulder replacement. Interposition grafting using human dermal allograft offers an alternative treatment. Methods: A retrospective review of all patients who underwent interposition grafting using human dermal allograft between December 2013 and May 2015 for massive rotator cuff tears at our tertiary referral center was performed. Preoperative and 6 month postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessments were performed in all patients, with postoperative graft integrity being the primary outcome measure. Clinical evaluation was performed using the Oxford shoulder score, Constant score, and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score. Results: The mean age at the time of follow-up was 54 years. On MRI, 84% of grafts were seen to have failed at 6 months. Strength was grossly reduced on the operative side when supraspinatus and subscapularis were tested; despite this, Constant score (mean, 48.2) was comparable to that in the previous reports. DASH and Oxford scores were a mean of 24.94 and 37.16, respectively. Conclusions: Based on these results, in particular the MRI findings, we cannot advocate the use of dermal allograft as an interposition graft for the repair of massive rotator cuff tears.
The Tenth Commandment, René Girard, And the Good Neighborhood of Hebrew Wisdom
Craig G. Bartholomew(크레이그 바돌로뮤) 한국신학정보연구원 2015 Canon&Culture Vol.9 No.2
이 논문은 십계명의 열 번째 계명과 잠언서의 지혜 사이에 공존하는 욕망(desire)과 관계되는 부분의 연구를 통해 구약의 지혜서에서 나타난 욕망의 역할을 탐구한다. 열 번째 계명이 십계명의 정신(ethos)중 가장 핵심적인 부분이라는 것과 잠언서는 소위 “갈망의 학파”(a school of desire)라는 주장이 있다. 이에 필자는 르네 지라르(René Girard)의 “모방적 욕망”(mimetic desire)의 영향력 있는 이론에 근거하여 잠언서가 소위 “욕망”을 제한하고 규제하려는 관심에 있어서 특히 오늘날에 흔히 인식되는 것보다 더 큰 사회적인 중요성이 있다는 것을 주장하려 한다. 아울러 이 고찰은 십계명과 구약의 지혜서가 공유하는 가치 체계에 대한 이해를 돕는다. This article explores the role of desire in OT wisdom through an examination of the common ground in desire between the tenth commandment and wisdom in Proverbs. It argues that the tenth commandment is of central importance to the ethos of the Decalogue as a whole and that Proverbs is similarly a school of desire. Following the seminal work of René Girard on mimetic desire, I propose that Proverbs’ concern to constrain and direct desire is of far great societal importance, not least for today, than is often recognized. In the process, light is cast on the system of values that the Ten Commandments and OT wisdom share in common.
Consequence of Regional Trade Agreements to Developing Countries
( Craig R Macphee ),( Wanasin Sattayanuwat ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 2014 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.29 No.1
We investigate the effects of 12 major Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) on intra- and extra-regional trade flows in member developing countries, both intra-RTA trade and the effect of RTAs on non-member trade over 1981~2008. We address and resolve statistical problems caused by logarithms, zero observations, and heteroskedasticity. Our regression results are not favorable to regional integration as a substitute for multilateral trade liberalization, although there are exceptions. Several RTAs fail to generate intrabloc trade creation. Seven of the 12 RTAs generate import trade diversion while most of the extra-bloc export dummies are not statistically significant. However, three of the five African RTAs in the sample increased intra-bloc trade. The differences in RTA performances are related to their implementation policies.