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Changes in Ginsenoside Composition of White Ginseng by Fermentation
Sung Kwon Ko,Ok Sun Cho,Hye Min Bae,Byung Wook Yang,Byung-Ok Im,Young Tae Hahm,Kyung Nam Kim,Soon Hyun Cho,Jae Young Kim,Sung Hyun Chung,Boo Yong Lee 한국식품과학회 2009 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.18 No.1
The purpose of the study was to develop a new process to manufacture ginseng extract containing saponin aglycon of high concentration. The process to transform saponin glycosides to saponin aglycon was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). GCK-1 (open cultured mixture for 1 day at 42℃) had the highest content of protopanaxadiol (0.662%). However, other mixtures (GCK-2, 3, 4, 5, and 6) had less than 0.152% in the content of protopanaxadiol. In case of fermentation by inoculation of Bacillus natto, BNG-5 (B. natto inoculated mixture for 5 days at 42℃) showed the highest content of protopanaxadiol (0.364%). Other mixtures (BNG-1, 2, 3, 4, and 6) also showed the high content of more than 0.2% in protopanaxadiol. B. natto inoculation or open culture fermentation with soybean transformed ginseng saponin glycosides into saponin aglycon.
Posttransfusion Hepatitis in Korea
Chung, In Sik,Sun, Hee Sik,Chung, Kyu Won,Kim, Boo Sung,Chung, Whan Kook,Kim, Sun Moo CATHOLIC MEDICAL CENTER 1983 Bulletin of the Clinical Research Institute Vol.11 No.1
In order to clarify the entities of posttransfusion hepatitis, serum samples were obtained for determination of HBsAg and the activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST, SGOT) and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT, SGPT) from the blood of all the donors and recipients prior to transfusion. Donor's HBsAg was tested by reverse passive hemagglutination method and hepatitis B virus markers in recipient's serum were determined by radio-immunoassay. We attempted to test the recipient’s blood every two weeks for a minimum of six months to a year after transfusion of donor blood negative for HBsAg. Of the 327 recipients selected among 2,760 transfused patients, 215 went through adequate follow-up study. The recipients containing HBsAg before transfusion were also excluded. Fifty-three (24.7%) of the followed patients developed the elevated ALT level greater than 40 Sigma units and of these twenty one over 100 units. These cases were studied by regular interview, physical examination and blood chemistry. Four of these had icteric viral hepatitis, while in the others hepatitis was anicteric. Incubation period was two weeks in 50.9% of posttransfusion hepatitis cases, five to ten weeks in 24.6%, and over 12 weeks in 12.2%. Hepatitis developed in 61.5% of patients receiving over 10 units of blood while hepatitis occurred in 37.6% of those who received below 4 units. Thus a direct correlation between the amount of blood transfused and development of hepatitis was noted. The incidence of HBsAg in recipients with hepatitis was 20.8%, anti-HBs 81.7%, and anti-HBc 100%. It is presumed that the incidence of posttransfusion hepatitis is 24.7%, of which hepatitis A was 0%, hepatitis B 20.8% and non-A, non-B 79.2%. Long term follow-up evaluation is soling on.
Experimental Study on the Dynamic Response of Oil Seals
Sung, Boo-Yong,Shim, Woo Jeonm,Kim, Chung Kyun Korean Tribology Society 2000 KSTLE International Journal Vol.1 No.1
This paper deals with an experimental study on the dynamic response of an elastomeric oil seal when the interferences between shaft and lip as well as the dynamic eccentricities are present. The dynamic response of seal lip in oil seals was observed with the aid of an image processing apparatus. The temperature of the seal lip edge, friction torque and the dynamic sealing gap between shaft and lip are measured at different conditions of the initial interference and the shaft eccentricity, The data were simultaneously measured under dynamic conditions. Experimental results show that, as the shaft speed is increased, S/e$_{d}$ has nearly reached a constant asymptotic value fur a certain range of shaft speeds. The results indicate that the gap separation between shaft and lip is provided due to the shaft eccentricity because the seal lip cannot follow quickly the radial displacements with increasing shaft speed.d.
Relationship between Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Gastroduodenal Diseases
Chung, In Sik,Chae, Hiun Suk,Yang, Jin Mo,Choi, Myung Kyu,Chung, Kyu Won,Sun, Hee Sik,Kim, Boo Sung CATHOLIC MEDICAL CENTER 1992 Bulletin of the Clinical Research Institute Vol.20 No.1
To investigate the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and gastroduodenal diseases, we examined the presence of H pylori in 1,100 endoscopic biopsy specimens from esophaguss, gastric mucosa and duodenal bulb with silver stain and examined also the grades of inflammation histologically in patients with gastroduodenal diseases. H pylori was detected on the gastric mucosa in 64.0% of patients with chronic gastritis, 79.3% of erosive gastritis, 58.5% of gastric ulcer, 86.5% of duodenal ulcer, 87.9% of combined ulcer (gastric and duodenal), 24.4% of gastric cancer, and 63.5% of endoscopically normal subjects. H pylori was found on duodenal bulb in 13.6% of all cases studied, 36.4% of patients with duodenal ulcer, 7.4% of erosive gastritis. The mucosa of duodenal bulb in these patients had gastric metaplasia. There was no H pylori in the epithelium of esophagus except for one case of Barrett’s esophagus. H pylori was not found in the area of intestinal metaplasia, at lesions of adenoma, or intestinal type gastric cancer. H pylori was observed more frequently in fundal mucosa (68.7%) than in antral mucosa (59.1%) in Korea. It was also shown that H pylori was more frequently found in antrum in young patients and in fundus in aged patients. Grades of inflammation were closely correlated with the grades of H pylori infection in the gastric mucosa. Severity of inflammation in fundic mucosa was milder than that of antral mucosa with same grade of H pylori infection. In conclusion, existence of H pylori is limited on gastric type mucosa and thought to be related with pathogenesis of chronic active gastritis and duodenal ulcer formation. In addition, H pylroi is more frequently found on fundic mucosa than on antral mucosa among Koreans. No H pylori is detected at the lesion of adenoma, nor at the lesion of intestinal type of gastric cancer.
Morphological and Molecular Classifications of Genus Pholis
Sung-Hoon Lee,장요순,Chung-Boo Baik,Kyeong-Ho Han,Jung-Goo Myung,Jin-Hee Lee,Sang-Duk Choi,Seon-Jae Kim,김종오,황재호 한국통합생물학회 2009 Animal cells and systems Vol.13 No.4
Morphological and molecular classifications were attempted in an effort to establish species-specific classifications of three species of the genus Pholis in Korea; these species were subjected to morphological and molecular methodologies using body measurements, RFLP, RAPD, and phylogenetic trees using the nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial 16S and 12S ribosomal DNAs, cytochrome c oxidase I, and cytochrome b. The data demonstrated that the three species of genus Pholis are distinct from each other, both morphologically and genetically.
The Design of Skate Fermentation Monitoring System for Consumer Taste Using The Smart RFID Tag
Sung Boo Chung(정성부),Joo Woong Kim(김주웅),Wung Gun Lee(이웅건) 대한전자공학회 2015 전자공학회논문지 Vol.52 No.9
최근 들어 건강에 대한 관심이 증가하면서 발효 식품에 대한 관심과 소비가 증가하고 있다. 대표적인 발효 식품으로 홍어가 있다. 홍어의 경우 각자의 취향에 따라 선호하는 정도가 매우 다르다. 그래서 홍어의 발효 정도를 수치화하여 보여줄 수 있다면, 사람들은 각자의 취향에 맞게 홍어를 먹을 수 있을 것이다. 본 논문에서는 스마트 RFID 태그를 이용하여 소비자의 취향에 맞는 홍어의 발효 정도를 모니터링 하는 시스템을 제안한다. 제안하는 시스템은 RFID 태그, NH3센서, 리더기 및 서버로 구성되어 있다. 제안하는 시스템의 유용성을 확인하기 위해, 홍어 발효에 대한 실험을 한다. 제안한 모니터링 시스템은 홍어의 발효 정도를 Very Low, Low, Medium, Strong의 4등급으로 보여준다. 스마트 RFID 태그를 통해, 홍어의 발효 정도를 확실하게 추정한다. Recently, people are consuming more fermented food for its health benefits. When we think of fermented food, skate comes to mind. However, there are different preferences depending on the degree of fermentation. Thus, if there is a system that shows the degree of the fermentation on skate, people can eat according to their taste. This paper proposes a design of skate fermentation monitoring system for consumer taste using the smart RFID tag. The proposed system consists of the RFID tag, NH3 sensor, reader, and server. In order to confirm the usefulness of the proposed system, we performed experiments on the skate fermentation. The proposed monitoring system can show the skate fermentation at 4 grades: None, Low, Medium, and Strong. With the smart RFID tag, we successfully estimated the skate fermentation.
Ginsenoside Composition Changes in Ginseng Extracts by Different Ascorbic Acid Treatments
Sung Kwon Ko,Ok Sun Cho,Hye Min Bae,Uy Dong Sohn,Byung Ok Im,Soon Hyun Cho,Byung Wook Yang,Sung Hyun Chung,Wang Soo Shin,Boo Yong Lee 한국식품과학회 2008 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.17 No.4
The purpose of this study was to develop a new preparation process for chemical transformation of ginseng saponin glycosides to prosapogenins. Ginseng and ginseng extracts were processed under several treatment conditions using ascorbic acid solution. Treating with ascorbic acid at pH 2-3 and above 80℃ increased the ginsenoside Rg<sub>3</sub> content of samples to over 3% as compared to other pH levels and temperatures. In addition, ginseng and ginseng extracts that were processed under a high ascorbic acid solution treatment condition (pH 2.0, 5 hr) contained more ginsenoside Rg3 (approximately 16 times) than those processed under a low ascorbic acid solution treatment condition (pH 3.0, 5 hr). The highest quantity of ginsenoside Rg<sub>3</sub> (3.434%) occurred when a sample of fine ginseng root extract (AG2-9) was processed with the ascorbic acid solution at pH 2.0 for 9 hr. However, there was no change in the amount of ginsenoside Rg<sub>3</sub> when fine ginseng root extracts were processed with ascorbic acid solution at pH 2.0 for over 9 hr. In conclusion, the results indicated that ascorbic acid treatment of ginseng extracts can produce a level of ginsenoside Rg<sub>3<sub> that is over 90-fold the amount found in commercial red ginseng.