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Nietzschean Perspectives on Intelligence: In Need of More Plurality for Making Sense of Intelligence
( Christian Hugo Hoffmann ) 중앙대학교 인문콘텐츠연구소 2022 인공지능인문학연구 Vol.10 No.-
Philosophers as well as scientists in psychology, neuroscience, animal cognition research etc. have not found satisfying answers to what intelligence is with their crude, overly systematic and reductive approaches. At the same time, both recent findings about the capabilities of smart animals such as corvids (Nieder et al., 2020) or octopi (Godfrey-Smith, 2018) and novel types of Artificial Intelligence (AI), from social robots to cognitive assistants, are provoking the demand for new answers for meaningful comparison with other kinds of intelligence. In this paper, we devote ourselves to addressing this need by proposing an open malleable and loose framework for making sense of intelligence in humans, other animals and AI, which is ultimately based on causal learning as the central theme of intelligence. The goal is not just to describe, but mainly to explain queries like why one kind of intelligence is more intelligent than another, whatsoever the intelligence.
System Strategies for Time-Domain Emission Measurements above 1 GHz
Christian Hoffmann,Hassan Hani Slim,Peter Russer 한국전자파학회JEES 2011 Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science Vol.11 No.4
The application of time-domain methods in emission measurement instruments allows for a reduction in scan time by several orders of magnitude and for new evaluation methods to be realized such as the real-time spectrogram to characterize transient emissions. In this paper two novel systems for time-domain EMI measurements above 1 GHz are presented. The first system combines ultra-fast analog-to-digital-conversion and real-time digital signal processing on a field-programmable-gate-array (FPGA) with ultra-broadband multi-stage down-conversion to enable measurements in the range from 10 Hz to 26 GHz with high sensitivity and full-compliance with the requirements of CISPR 16-1-1. The required IF bandwidths were added to allow for measurements according to MIL-461F and DO-160F. The second system realizes a system of time-interleaved analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and has an upper bandwidth limit of 4 GHz. With the implementation of an automatic mismatch calibration, the system fulfills CISPR 16-1-1 dynamic range requirements. Measurements of the radiated emissions of electronic consumer devices and household appliances like the non-stationary emissions of a microwave oven are presented. A measurement of a personal computer’s conducted emissions on a power supply line according to DO-160F is given.
De Jong, Wim H.,Hoffmann, Sebastian,Lee, Michelle,Kandá,rová,, Helena,Pellevoisin, Christian,Haishima, Yuji,Rollins, Beau,Zdawczyk, Austin,Willoughby, Jamin,Bachelor, Michael,Schatz, Timot Elsevier 2018 Toxicology in vitro Vol.50 No.-
<P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Alternative in vitro testing of medical device extracts for irritation is possible. </LI> <LI> Reconstructed human epidermis (RhE) model detects presence of irritant in extracts. </LI> <LI> High predictivity RhE model for presence of strong irritants in material extracts. </LI> <LI> Predictivity in saline or sesame oil extract depends on hydrophilicity of irritant. </LI> <LI> Four positive polymer test materials containing a known irritant were evaluated. </LI> </UL> </P>
ROSSi A Graphical Programming Interface for ROS 2
Constantin Wanninger,Sebastian Rossi,Martin Schorner,Alwin Hoffmann,Alexander Poeppel,Christian Eymueller,Wolfgang Reif 제어로봇시스템학회 2021 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.10
The Robot Operating System (ROS) offers developers a large number of ready-made packages for developing robot programs. The multitude of packages and the different interfaces or adapters is also the reason why ROS projects often tend to become confusing. Concepts of model-driven software development using a domain-specific modeling language could counteract this and at the same time speed up the development process of such projects. This is investigated in this paper by transferring the core concepts from ROS 2 into a graphical programming interface. Elements of established graphical programming tools are compared and approaches from modeling languages such as UML are used to create a novel approach for graphical development of ROS projects. The resulting interface is evaluated through the development of a project built on ROS, and the approach shows promise towards facilitating work with the Robot Operating System.
Galectin-3 Reflects the Echocardiographic Grades of Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction
Uzair Ansari,Michael Behnes,Julia Hoffmann,Michele Natale,Christian Fastner,Ibrahim El-Battrawy,Jonas Rusnak,김승현,Siegfried Lang,Ursula Hoffmann,Thomas Bertsch,Martin Borggrefe,Ibrahim Akin 대한진단검사의학회 2018 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.38 No.4
Background: The level of Galectin-3 (Gal-3) protein purportedly reflects an ongoing cardiac fibrotic process and has been associated with ventricular remodeling, which is instrumental in the development of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) syndrome. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential use of Gal-3 in improved characterization of the grades of diastolic dysfunction as defined by echocardiography. Methods: Seventy HFpEF patients undergoing routine echocardiography were prospectively enrolled in the present monocentric study. Blood samples for measurements of Gal-3 and amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were collected within 24 hours pre- or post-echocardiographic examination. The classification of patients into subgroups based on diastolic dysfunction grade permitted detailed statistical analyses of the derived data. Results: The Gal-3 serum levels of all patients corresponded to echocardiographic indices, suggesting HFpEF (E/A, P =0.03 and E/E’, P =0.02). Gal-3 was also associated with progressive diastolic dysfunction, and increased levels corresponded to the course of disease (P =0.012). Detailed analyses of ROC curves suggested that Gal-3 levels could discriminate patients with grade III diastolic dysfunction (area under the curve [AUC]=0.770, P =0.005). Conclusions: Gal-3 demonstrates remarkable effectiveness in the diagnosis of patients suffering from severe grade diastolic dysfunction. Increasing levels of Gal-3 possibly reflect the progressive course of HFpEF, as classified by the echocardiographic grades of diastolic dysfunction.
Oliver Ristow,Lena Hü,rtgen,Julius Moratin,Maximilian Smielowski,Christian Freudlsperger,Michael Engel,Jü,rgen Hoffmann,Thomas Rü,ckschloß 대한구강악안면외과학회 2021 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.47 No.2
Objectives: It is unclear whether the extent of intraoral mucosa defects in patients with medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw indicates disease severity. Therefore, this study investigated whether mucosal lesions correlate with the true extent of osseous defects in stage I patients. Materials and Methods: Retrospectively, all patients with stage I medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw who underwent surgical treatment between April 2018 and April 2019 were enrolled. Preoperatively, the extent of their mucosal lesions was measured in clinical evaluations, and patients were assigned to either the visible or the probeable bone group. Intraoperatively, the extent of necrosis was measured manually and with fluorescence. Results: Fifty-five patients (36 female, 19 male) with 86 lesions (46 visible bone, 40 probeable bone) were enrolled. Intraoperatively, the necrotic lesions were significantly larger (P<0.001) than the preoperative mucosal lesions in both groups. A significant (P<0.05) but very weak (R2<0.2) relationship was noted between the extent of the mucosal lesions and the necrotic bone area. Conclusion: Preoperative mucosal defects (visible or probeable) in patients with medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw do not indicate the extent of bone necrosis or disease severity.
A miR-155–Peli1–c-Rel pathway controls the generation and function of T follicular helper cells
Liu, Wen-Hsien,Kang, Seung Goo,Huang, Zhe,Wu, Cheng-Jang,Jin, Hyun Yong,Maine, Christian J.,Liu, Yi,Shepherd, Jovan,Sabouri-Ghomi, Mohsen,Gonzalez-Martin, Alicia,Xu, Shunbin,Hoffmann, Alexander,Zheng, The Rockefeller University Press 2016 The Journal of experimental medicine Vol.213 No.9
<P>MicroRNA (miRNA) deficiency impairs the generation of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, but the contribution of individual miRNAs to this phenotype remains poorly understood. In this study, we performed deep sequencing analysis of miRNAs expressed in Tfh cells and identified a five-miRNA signature. Analyses of mutant mice deficient of these miRNAs revealed that miR-22 and miR-183/96/182 are dispensable, but miR-155 is essential for the generation and function of Tfh cells. miR-155 deficiency led to decreased proliferation specifically at the late stage of Tfh cell differentiation and reduced CD40 ligand (CD40L) expression on antigen-specific CD4<SUP>+</SUP> T cells. Mechanistically, miR-155 repressed the expression of Peli1, a ubiquitin ligase that promotes the degradation of the NF-κB family transcription factor c-Rel, which controls cellular proliferation and CD40L expression. Therefore, our study identifies a novel miR-155–Peli1–c-Rel pathway that specifically regulates Tfh cell generation and function.</P>
Julius Moratin,Moritz Berger,Thomas Rückschloss,Karl Metzger,Hannah Berger,Maximilian Gottsauner,Michael Engel,Jürgen Hoffmann,Christian Freudlsperger,Oliver Ristow 대한영상치의학회 2020 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.50 No.3
Purpose: Image artifacts caused by patient motion cause problems in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) because they lead to distortion of the 3-dimensional reconstruction. This prospective study was performed to quantify patient movement during CBCT acquisition and its influence on image quality. Materials and Methods: In total, 412 patients receiving CBCT imaging were equipped with a wireless head sensor system that detected inertial, gyroscopic, and magnetometric movements with 6 dimensions of freedom. The type and amplitude of movements during CBCT acquisition were evaluated and image quality was rated in 7 different anatomical regions of interest. For continuous variables, significance was calculated using the Student t-test. A linear regression model was applied to identify associations of the type and extent of motion with image quality scores. Kappa statistics were used to assess intra- and inter-rater agreement. Chi-square testing was used to analyze the impact of age and sex on head movement. Results: All CBCT images were acquired in a 10-month period. In 24% of the investigations, movement was recorded (acceleration: >0.10 [m/s2]; angular velocity: >0.018 [°/s]). In all examined regions of interest, head motion during CBCT acquisition resulted in significant impairment of image quality (P<0.001). Movement in the horizontal and vertical axes was most relevant for image quality (R2>0.7). Conclusion: Relevant head motions during CBCT imaging were frequently detected, leading to image quality loss and potentially impairing diagnosis and therapy planning. The presented data illustrate the need for digital correction algorithms and hardware to minimize motion artefacts in CBCT imaging