Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) Emission Measurement from a Coaxially Focused Plasma for Various Pressures of an Argon and Ne-Xe Gas Mixture

Sung Hee Lee,Young June Hong,엄환섭,Duk In Choi,Eun-Ha Choi 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.61

The Ar and Ne-Xe(30%) plasmas in dense plasma-focus device with coaxial electrodes were generated for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography. EUV intensity and electron temperature were investigated. An input voltage of 4.5 kV was applied to the capacitor bank of 1.53 μF, and the diode chamber was filled with Ar and Ne-Xe (30%) gas at a prescribed pressure. The inner surface of the cylindrical cathode was lined by an acetal insulator. The anode was made of tin metal. The EUV emission signal of the wavelength in the range of 6 ~ 16 nm has been detected by a photo-detector (AXUV-100 Zr/C, IRD). The visible emission line was also detected by the composite-grating spectrometer of the working wavelength range of 200 ~ 1100 nm (HR 4000CG). The electron temperature is obtained by the optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and measured by the Boltzmann plot with the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE).

Protection and Preservation of Clithon retropictus, Level II Endangered Species Declining due to Development Projects Carried out in its Habitat

Choi, Sang Duk,Jeon, Hong il,Myeong, No Yun,Choi, Sung Min,Lee, Cheol,An, Yun Keun Korean Society of Environmental Biology 2018 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.36 No.2

Clithon retropictus has been protected by the Ministry of Environment as an endangered species since 1998 and has been listed on the state red list of endangered species category II. It is viewed as a representative for all endangered species in the northeastern coastal waters of Korea. Most of the habitats of C. retropictus have been found to be in an unstable state because of development projects such as road construction, small stream development, irrigation for securing agricultural water, and flood prevention. These habitats are damaged by small stream maintenance projects and development, and the risk of damage is increasing and active efforts are needed in order to protect them. Although the Ministry of Environment is striving to preserve this endangered species, the habitat of C. retropictus is still facing external threats because it spreads to only a small area at high densities. Therefore, in order to protect the habitat of C. retropictus, a level II endangered species, it is urgent to make an effort to minimize habitat damage and to take measures for its protection.

Protection and Preservation of Clithon retropictus, Level II Endangered Species Declining due to Development Projects Carried out in its Habitat

Sang Duk Choi,Hong il Jeon,No Yun Myeong,Sung Min Choi,Cheol Lee,Yun Keun An 한국환경생물학회 2018 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.36 No.2

Clithon retropictus has been protected by the Ministry of Environment as an endangered species since 1998 and has been listed on the state red list of endangered species category II. It is viewed as a representative for all endangered species in the northeastern coastal waters of Korea. Most of the habitats of C. retropictus have been found to be in an unstable state because of development projects such as road construction, small stream development, irrigation for securing agricultural water, and flood prevention. These habitats are damaged by small stream maintenance projects and development, and the risk of damage is increasing and active efforts are needed in order to protect them. Although the Ministry of Environment is striving to preserve this endangered species, the habitat of C. retropictus is still facing external threats because it spreads to only a small area at high densities. Therefore, in order to protect the habitat of C. retropictus, a level II endangered species, it is urgent to make an effort to minimize habitat damage and to take measures for its protection.

Comparison of Renal Responses to Cyclophosphamide and Mycophenolate Mofetil used as Induction Therapies in Korean Patients with Lupus Nephritis

( Sung-eun Choi ),( Dong-jin Park ),( Ji-hyoun Kang ),( Kyung-eun Lee ),( Haimuzi Xu ),( Ji Shin Lee ),( Yoo-duk Choi ),( Shin-seok Lee ) 대한류마티스학회 2019 대한류마티스학회지 Vol.26 No.1

Objective. Although intravenous cyclophosphamide (IVC) is generally accepted as the standard therapy for induction treatment of active proliferative lupus nephritis (LN), several clinical trials have suggested that mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is at least as effective as IVC. Because few Asian studies have compared the two treatment modalities, we compared the efficacies of MMF and IVC as LN remission induction treatments in Korean patients. Methods. We enrolled 39 patients with class III and IV LN who received MMF or IVC as LN induction therapy. The renal outcomes (i.e., complete response [CR], partial response [PR], and no response [NR]) at 6 and 12 months were defined using the ACR 2006 response criteria. Results. Of 39 patients, 23 (59.0%) were treated with IVC, and 16 (41.0%) were treated with MMF. Demographics, clinical characteristics, laboratory data, and adverse events did not significantly differ between the two groups. However, C3 levels were lower and activity scores in renal biopsy were higher in IVC-treated patients. CRs were achieved by 11 (47.8%) of the patients receiving IVC and 7 (43.8%) of the patients receiving MMF after 6 months of treatment (p=0.961) and by 11 (47.8%) of those who received IVC and 9 (56.2%) of those who received MMF at 12 months of treatment (p=0.713). Neither the PR rate nor the NR rate differed significantly at 6 or 12 months between the two groups. Conclusion. The efficacy of MMF does not differ from that of IVC in terms of induction of LN remission in Korean patients. (J Rheum Dis 2019;26:57-65)

Detected Range of the Deicer around the Highway

Sung Hyeon Cho,Goon Taek Lee,Byeong Duk Lee,Jin Hwan Kim,Do Soon Kim,So Young Moon,Dong Guen Lee,Jeong Min Choi,Jun Young Kim 한국도로학회 2018 한국도로학회 학술대회 발표논문 초록집 Vol.2018 No.05

The composition of the deicer sprayed on the highway is spreading over the highway by the scattering or snow removal activity, or car movement and consequently affecting the vegetation environment around the highway. These are the cause of the damage of fruit trees and crops, and also the cause of corrosion of highway structures. The goal of this study is to estimate the detected range of deicer components from a highway. The concentration of the deicer components in gauze and soil were investigated according to the crossing distance from the highway. The data collected were then used to estimate the concentration range of deicer components in a rage of distance up to 100 m from the highway where the deicer was spread. The sample time and weight of gauze were measured before and after installation, and the soil was collected at more than three points in parallel with the highway at the gauze installation point. The components in gauze and soil were investigated in addition to the deicer components (Ca2+, Na+, Cl-) as well as Mg2+ and K+. As Ca2+ and Cl- components of deicer were affected by agricultural use, Na+ component was selected as a tracer and further SAR (Sodium Adsorption Ratio) of soil was analyzed to examine the degree of influence on vegetation indirectly. The gauze concentration was evaluated by the concentration of the deicer ingredient at the background concentration of the blank gauze. The total amount of the deicer sprayed in the study road for 4 months (winter season) was about 93 ton/km. In the gauze test, the spread of the deicer was detected at a distance of 100 m in study area, but the concentration of the deicer in the gauze by distance decreased rapidly within 10 m from the highway. And concentration of the deicer components in gauze and soil came down after rainy season (August ~ Sep.). The results showed that the components of the deicer could be spread widely by the wind. The effective range of the deicer on vegetation based on SAR in soil was estimated to be less than 20 m from the highway. This study examines the concentration changes of the deicer components in gauze and soils and shows that deicer components sprayed on the highway are accumulated and moved over time by wind, snow removal, terrain, water system and land use around the highway.

결합조직형성 악성중피종 1예 A Case of Desmoplastic Malignant Mesothelioma (DMM)

( Sang Woo Park ),( Tae Ok Kim ),( Hyun Wook Kang ),( Hee Jung Ban ),( In Jae Oh ),( Young Chul Kim ),( Yoo Duk Choi ),( Sang Yun Song ),( Soo Ok Kim ) 대한내과학회 2011 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2011 No.1

Abstract Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a rare tumor that associated with asbestos exposure. For the reliable diagnosis, the adequate representative tissue samples are essential for the histology and immunohistochemical staining. We report a case of desmoplastic malignant mesothelioma (DMM), accounting for only 5-10% of all MM and having poor prognosis. A 76-year-old male visited emergency room presenting with chest pain. Chest computed tomography showed focal lobulated pleural enhancing mass in posterior aspect of left upper lobe. After video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery and several immunohistochemical stains, we could diagnose as DMM. The patient refused chemotherapy, but received analgesics and palliative radiation for the painful back area. Subsequently, he was dead after 17 months from appearance of the initial symptom.

Measurement-based Treatment of Residual Symptoms Using Clinically Useful Depression Outcome Scale: Korean Validation Study

Sang Won Jeon,Changsu Han,Young-Hoon Ko,Seo Young Yoon,Chi-Un Pae,Joonho Choi,Yong Chon Park,Jong-Woo Kim,Ho-Kyoung Yoon,Seung-Duk Ko,Ashwin A. Patkar,Mark Zimmerman 대한정신약물학회 2017 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.15 No.1

Objective: This study was aimed at evaluating the diagnostic validity of the Korean version of the Clinically Useful Depression Outcome Scale (CUDOS) with varying follow-up in a typical clinical setting in multiple centers. Methods: In total, 891 psychiatric outpatients were enrolled at the time of their intake appointment. Current diagnostic character-istics were examined using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (41% major depressive disorder). The CUDOS was meas-ured and compared with three clinician rating scales and four self-report scales. Results: The CUDOS showed excellent results for internal consistency (Cronbach’s α ,0.91), test-retest reliability (patients at intake, r =0.81; depressed patients in ongoing treatment, r =0.89), and convergent and discriminant validity (measures of depres-sion, r =0.80; measures of anxiety and somatization, r =0.42). The CUDOS had a high ability to discriminate between different levels of depression severity based on the rating of Clinical Global Impression for depression severity and the diagnostic classi-fication of major depression, minor depression, and non-depression. The ability of the CUDOS to identify patients with major depression was high (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve=0.867). A score of 20 as the optimal cutoff point was suggested when screening for major depression using the CUDOS (sensitivity=89.9%, specificity=69.5%). The CUDOS was sensitive to change after antidepressant treatment: patients with greater improvement showed a greater decrease in CUDOS scores ( p <0.001). Conclusion: The results of this multi-site outpatient study found that the Korean version of the CUDOS is a very useful measure-ment for research and for clinical practice.

The Estimation of Emission Factor of N₂O and CH₄ by Measurement from Stacks in the Waste Incinerators and Cement Production Plants

Choi, Sang-Min,Im, Jong-Kwon,Hong, Ji-Hyoung,Lee, Sue-Been,Zoh, Kyung-Duk Korean Society of Environmental Health 2007 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.33 No.3

The purpose of this study is to estimate the emission factor of $non-CO_2$ global warming gases such as $N_2O$ and $CH_4$ by measuring concentrations from stacks of waste incinerators and cement production plants. Based on the established monitoring methods, $N_2O$ concentration measured from stacks in incinerator were between 0.62 and $40.60\;ppm_v$ (ave. $11.50\;ppm_v$). The concentration of $N_2O$ was dependent on the incinerator types. However, the concentrations of $CH_4$ gas were between 2.65 and $5.68\;ppm_v$ (ave. $4.22\;ppm_v$), and did not show the dependency on the incinerator types. In the cement production plant, the concentration ranges of $N_2O$ from the stack were from 6.90 to $10.80\;ppm_v$ (ave. $8.60\;ppm_v$), and $CH_4$ were between 1.80 and $2.20\;ppm_v$ (ave. $2.60\;ppm_v$). Using measured concentrations, the emission amounts of $N_2O$ and $CH_4$ from stacks per year were calculated. The results were is 4.2 ton $N_2O/yr$ in the incinerators, and 53.7 ton $N_2O/yr$ in the cement facilities. The big difference is from the flow rate of flue gas in the cement facilities compared to the incinerators. By the same reason, the $CH_4$ emission amounts in cement plant and incinerator was found to be 339 ton $CO_2/yr$ and 34.1 ton $CO_2/yr$, respectively. Finally, the emission factor of $N_2O$ in the incinerators were calculated using the measured concentration and the amount of incinerated wastes, and was $42.5\sim799.1\;g/ton$ in kiln and stoker type, $11.9\sim79.9\;g/ton$ in stoker type, 90.1 ton/g in rotary kiln type, 174.9 g/ton in fluidized bed type, and 63.8 g/ton in grate type, respectively. Also, the emission factors of $CH_4$ were found to 65.2-91.3 g/ton in kiln/stoker type, 73.9-122 g/ton in stoker type, 109.5 g/ton rotary kiln, and 26.1 g/ton in fluidized bed type. This result indicates that the emission factor in incinerators is strongly dependent on the incinerator types, and matched with result of IPCC (International Panel on Climate Change) guideline.

DC Characteristics of P-Channel Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors with Si₀.₈₈Ge₀.₁₂(C) Heterostructure Channel

Sang Sik Choi,Hyun Duk Yang,Tae-Hyun Han,Deok-Ho Cho,Jea-Yeon Kim,Kyu-Hwan Shim 대한전자공학회 2006 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.6 No.2

Electrical properties of Si?.??Ge?.₁₂(C) p-MOSFETs have been exploited in an effort to investigate Si?.??Ge?.₁₂(C) channel structures designed especially to suppress diffusion of dopants during epitaxial growth and subsequent fabrication processes. The incorporation of 0.1 percent of carbon in Si?.??Ge?.₁₂ channel layer could accomodate stress due to lattice mismatch and adjust bandgap energy slightly, but resulted in deteriorated current-voltage properties in a broad range of operation conditions with depressed gain, high subthreshold current level and many weak breakdown electric field in gateoxide. Si?.??Ge?.₁₂(C) channel structures with boron delta-doping represented increased conductance and feasible use of modulation doped device of Si?.??Ge?.₁₂(C) heterostructures.

Case Report : A Case of Congenital Duodenal Web Causing Duodenal Stenosis in a Down Syndrome Child: Endoscopic Resection with an Insulated-Tip Knife

( Sang Seon Lee ),( Seon Tae Hwang ),( Nam Gil Jang ),( Hann Tchah ),( Duk Young Choi ),( Hyun Young Kim ),( Eell Ryoo ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2011 Gut and Liver Vol.5 No.1

A 35-month-old girl visited our hospital with repetitive vomiting and abdominal distention; this was especially aggravated after the introduction of solid and semisolid foods. At 5 months of age, the patient, who had Down`s syndrome, had undergone surgery for ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, and patent ductus arteriosus, and had subsequently been frequently hospitalized for respiratory infections and other viral infectious diseases. After her admission, the abdominal distension improved with fasting and intravenous fl uid therapy. Radiograph from a small-bowel series revealed a thin fi lling defect with a dilated duodenal bulb in the distal region of the second portion of the duodenum, suggesting a duodenal web, and endoscopy revealed duodenal stenosis. We therefore performed endoscopic resection with an insulated-tip knife because of the history of prior operations, fasting problems after operations, and respiratory infections. Seven days later, scar formation was noted on the second portion of the duodenum, the scope passed well at the excision site, and no retained food material was noted on the follow-up endoscopy. After the procedure, the patient`s abdominal distention and repetitive vomiting subsided, and she was discharged with the ability to eat eat an ageappropriate normal diet. There were no specifi c symptoms or other complications for 1 year after the procedure. (Gut Liver 2011;5:105-109)