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조성산(Cho Sung san) 경인교육대학교 기전문화연구소 2008 기전문화연구 Vol.34 No.-
김창협은 훗날 낙론계의 종장으로 인식되면서 그의 사유는 노론 전반에 중요한 영향을 끼쳤다. 김창협 학문의 형성과점을 살펴보면 우선 김상헌・송시열을 통해서 주자학과 의리학 학풍에, 나성두・조성기・이단상을 통하여 邵雍 象數學의 학문성향에, 중국으로부터 전래된 서적들을 통하여 최신 중국 학술동향에 영향을 받았다. 이러한 것이 종합되어 김창협의 학문이 형성될 수 있었다. 이처럼 김창협의 사유 형성에는 다양한 연원들이 존재했으며, 그것은 김창협의 학문이 복합적이고 다층적이게 된 주요 원인이었다. 김창협의 성리학은 이기론과 지각론으로 대별할 수 있다. 그는 기존의 학설을 비판하면서 이기와 심성의 관계를 재정립하였다. 이를 통해서 새로운 인간관을 세웠다. 이는 기존의 보수적인 입장을 견지하면서도 새로운 변화에 적응하고자 하는 문제의식 속에서 나왔다. 이러한 김창협의 학풍은 그의 학문이 가졌던 다층성을 말해 준다. 이러한 다층적인 김창협의 학문은 현실인식에도 반영되었다. 단선적인 반청 분위기가 팽배해 있었던 시대에 오랑캐가 밉다고 해서 중국에 남아있는 중화의 여풍까지 버려서는 안된다는 18세기 후반 북학론과 흡사한 주장을 펼치기도 하였다. 또한 봉건・군현제 논의를 통해서 국정운영의 입장도 보여주었다. 그는 봉건제를 私로, 군현제를 公으로 규정하였으며 군현제가 가지고 있었던 현명한 인재 등용의 측면에 주목하였다. When seen from ongm of academic world of Kim, Chang-Hyup, we can find out what kind of factors have affected formation of his academic world. He had been affected by the doctrines[teachings] of Chu Hsi and the doctrines[teachings] of Ui-Ri義理 through academic trend of Kim, Sang-Hun and Song, Shi-Yeol, and by Shao Yung s Learning of Images and Numbers through that of Na, Seong-Doo · Cho, Sung-Gi·Lee, Dan-Sang. The books handed over to Korea from China had influenced formation of his own world of Kim, Chang- Hyup. These had become part of his own academic world of Kim, Chang-Hyup. Kim, Chang-Hyup criticized Yi yi李珥 s theory of li-tong-gi-guk 理通氣局 and emphasized the meaning of li理 in yi-gi theory. Through this work, he also raised the view of human nature as fundamentally good 性善 and tried to explain various figures of human beings in multiple angles. In the theory of consciousness of Shirni心, he criticized both Buddhism and the doctrines of Wang Yangming陽明學 based upon the principle of division of Shim心· Seong性, with an intention of ensuring a space of Shim and raising the values of Shim. This multiple layer of academic world of Kim, Chang-Hyup was reflected in the recognition of reality. He also proposed a theory identical to Northern Leaming in the latter half of 18th century with tight atmosphere of anti-Qing dynasty spirit throughout the nation. In addition, he showed his position over national operation with feudal(Ponggŏn封建) and counties·prefectures(Gunhyun郡縣) System discussion and proposed a direction of statecraft through Gyu-Mo-Chaek規模策.
Cho, Young Seok,Chung, Seung Woo,Kim, Ha Rin,Won, Tae Hyung,Choi, Jeong Uk,Kim, In-San,Kim, Sang Yoon,Byun, Youngro Elsevier 2019 Journal of controlled release Vol.296 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The selective targeting of cytotoxic agents to a tumor has shown limited success by difficulties in identifying the appropriate target molecules, and more importantly, by the phenotypically dynamic nature of the tumor cells and intratumoral heterogeneity. In an attempt to overcome these issues and efficiently deliver cytotoxic drugs to the tumor, we previously reported a strategy termed radiation-induced apoptosis-targeted chemotherapy (RIATC), which utilizes the radiotherapy for intentionally triggering the caspase-3 and in situ amplification of tumor apoptosis by caspase-3 activated prodrug. Herein, we propose an advanced form of RIATC prodrug, AP1-DEVD-S-DOX, that could more actively target to the ligands of radiation-induced tumor cells, which could accumulate more prodrugs, thereby allowing more effective in situ activation and amplification of tumor apoptosis, comparing to RIATC. Indeed, AP1-DEVD-S-DOX was able to exert improved doxorubicin (DOX) delivery to the tumor and anticancer effect than the RIATC prodrug that lacks apoptotic cell-binding property but having a similar degree of off-target distribution in the other organs. Accordingly, AP1-DEVD-S-DOX could be an efficient prodrug for concurrent chemoradiotherapy by selectively delivering doxorubicin to the tumor with less systemic cytotoxicity.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Radiosynthesis and Biodistribution of an 125I-labeled Resveratrol Derivative
Sung Kew Kim,Woong San Lee,Sang-Jin Han,Eun-Jung Kim,Mohammed I. El-Gamal,김병수,최태현,Chang Woon Choi,In-hye Ham,오창현,Ho-Young Choi,Jung-Hyuck Cho 대한화학회 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.2
An 125I-labeled resveratrol derivative 1 was synthesized. It was purified by reverse phase HPLC. Radiochemical purity of the product was more than 98%, and the yield was 35% (decay-corrected). Its biodistribution in tumorbearing mice was studied. The results showed that the highest radioactivity was located in intestine and stomach. The biodistribution profile suggests that compound 1 can be effectively used as a promising imaging probe for intestine and stomach.
Effect of Patellar Taping on Quadriceps Muscle of Knee Joint
Sung Eun Lee,Shin Gyun Kim,Sung Hyoun Cho,Yoo Rim Choi,Chang Sook Kim,Sung Joon Kim,Ki San Nam,Gyung Kim 국제물리치료학회 2012 Journal of International Academy of Physical Ther Vol.3 No.1
This study aims to examine the effect of patellar taping common to patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome on the change of knee joint location. The total number of participants is 12 patients with no pain in their knee. There are three different experiments: no-taping, placebo taping, and patellar taping. After application, they squat on their hams. As a result, both the muscle activity of vastus medialis and that of vastus lateralis increased in placebo taping compared to no-taping, which wasn't statistically significant. However, the muscle activity of vastus medialis and that of vastus lateralis decreased in patellar taping compared to no-taping, which was statistically significant. This suggests that patellar taping causing the lateral attraction of knee joint is more influential to the dynamics of knee joint than skin afferent input in placebo taping. Therefore, patellar taping is effective to change the location of knee joint, affect the muscle activity of quadriceps muscle of thigh, and thus correct the misalignments of the knee joint.
San Soon Cho,Hyo Ku Lee,Chi Won Han,Eun Soo Seong,Chang Yeon Yu,Myong Jo Kim,Na Young Kim,Wie Soo Kang,Sang Hoon Ko,Eun Hwa Son,Myoung Gun Choung,Jung Dae Lim 한국식품영양과학회 2008 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.13 No.3
Fish protein hydrolysates (FPHs) with different degrees of hydrolysis by treatment with alcalase, pronase, flavourzyme and trypsin and isolated peptide were prepared from Hwangtae (yellow dried pollack, Theragra chalcogramma). Hwangtae protein hydrolysate was fractionated according to the molecular weight into six major types of APO1 (1.3 kDa), APO2 (1 kDa), APO3 (<1 kDa), APACE (<1 kDa), APG1 (70 kDa) and APG2 (70 kDa) isolated from the hydrolysate using consecutive chromatographic methods. Soluble peptide were produced from Hwangtae and evaluated for their nutritional and functional properties. Some functional properties of FPHs were assessed and compared with those of egg albumin or the soybean protein. APO2 had the highest nitrogen solubility value (94.2%), emulsion capacity and emulsion stability of the Alaska Pollack peptide ranged from 12.4 to 39.5 (mL of oil per 200 mg of protein) and 44.0% to 77.5%, respectively. Highest and lowest fat adsorption values were observed for APG1 (9.9 mL of oil per gram of protein) and APO3 (3.8 mL of oil per gram of protein), respectively.
Patterning of Wrinkled Polymer Surfaces by Single-Step Electron Irradiation
San Lim, Hyung,Lee, Sang Yoon,Lee, Na Eun,Cho, Sung Oh American Chemical Society 2018 Langmuir Vol.34 No.18
<P>A novel yet simple approach to fabricate and pattern wrinkled surfaces on polymers is presented. Only by irradiating an electron beam onto a polymer, wrinkles are created on the polymer surface. Electron irradiation produces a bilayer polymeric structure comprising a degrading upper layer and a pristine bottom layer. Electron irradiation also increases the polymer surface temperature to a point much higher than the glass-transition temperature of the upper layer, leading to drastic thermal expansion of the upper layer. As a result, significant compressive force is applied to form surface wrinkles. The mechanism behind the wrinkle formation and the effects of electron irradiation parameters on the wrinkle characteristics are discussed. In addition, by this electron irradiation approach, a patterned wrinkle structure is uniquely prepared.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
A nationwide study of the incidence rate of herb-induced liver injury in Korea
Cho, Jung-Hyo,Oh, Dal-Seok,Hong, Sang-Hoon,Ko, Heung,Lee, Nam-Hun,Park, Sang-Eun,Han, Chang-Woo,Kim, Seung-Mo,Kim, Young-Chul,Kim, Kang-San,Choi, Chang-Won,Shin, Seon-My,Kim, Ki-Tae,Choi, Hong-Sik,Lee Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2017 Archives of toxicology Vol.91 No.12
<P>Discrepant incidence has been reported regarding the incidence of herb-induced liver injury (HILI). To address the growing worldwide concern of HILI, we evaluated the risk of HILI in a nationwide prospective study. Between April 2013 and January 2016, 1001 inpatients (360 males and 641 females) from 10 tertiary hospitals throughout South Korea were treated with herbal drugs and had their liver enzymes periodically measured. A total of six patients met the criteria for HILI with RUCAM scores ranging from 4 to 7. All these participants were women and developed the hepatocellular type of HILI. One HILI participant met the criteria for <I>Hy</I>’s law; however, none of six cases presented clinical symptoms related to liver injury. This is the first nationwide prospective study that estimated the extent of the incidence of HILI [total: 0.60%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.12–1.08; women: 0.95%, 95% CI 0.19–1.68] and described its features in hospitalized participants.</P><P><B>Electronic supplementary material</B></P><P>The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00204-017-2007-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</P>