Proteomic interactions between the parasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata and the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis during host parasitism

Chiou Ling Chang,Guang Hong Liang,Scott M. Geib 한국응용곤충학회 2018 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.21 No.1

The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, is an important agricultural pest and biological control is one of themost effective control methodologies. We conducted an investigation on the molecular response of the fruit fly toparasitism by the larval parasitoid, Diachasmimorpha longicaudata using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis andmass spectroscopy. We identified 285 differentially expressed protein spots (109 proteins) during parasitism. The molecular processes affected by parasitism varied at different time point during development. Transferrinand muscle specific protein 20 are the only two proteins differentially expressed that play a role in host immunity24 h after parasitism. Developmental and metabolic proteins from parasitoids (transferrin and enolase)were up-regulated to ensure establishment and early development of parasitoids 48 h post parasitism. 72 h afterparasitism, larval cuticle proteins, transferrin and CREG1 were overexpressed to support the survival of parasitoidswhile host metabolism proteins and parasitoid regulatory proteins were down-regulated. Host developmentslowed down while parasitoid development went up at 96 h after parasitism. All developmental, regulatory,structural, and metabolic proteins were expressed at their optimum at 120 h post parasitism. Hostdevelopment was reduced, metabolism and regulatory proteins were strongly involved in the activities. Thedevelopment deteriorated further at 144 h after parasitism. Enolase and CREG1 were indicators of parasitoidsurvival. Hexamerin and transferrin from the parasitoid was peaked at 168–216 h after parasitism, stronglyindicating that parasitoid would survive. This study represents the first report that reveals the molecular playersinvolved in the interaction between the host and parasitoid.

THE LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF STATE REPRESSION ON POLITICAL BEHAVIOR AND ATTITUDES: EVIDENCE FROM TAIWAN

Chiou Fang-Yi,Hong Ji Yeon 동아시아연구원 2021 Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.21 No.3

This article examines how violence against citizens affects their political attitudes and behavior in the long run, and how those effects vary over time. We construct and analyze a novel dataset on the victims of Taiwan's February 28 Incident, in 1947, with survey data spanning 1990 to 2017. Our empirical analysis shows that cohorts having directly or indirectly experienced the Incident are less likely to support the Kuomintang Party (KMT), the former authoritarian ruling party responsible for the Incident. They tend to disagree with the key conventional policy stand of the KMT (unification with mainland China), are more likely to self-identify as Taiwanese, and are less likely to vote for KMT presidential candidates. Taiwan's residents who were born in towns with larger number of casualties during the Incident are more likely to reject unification. Finally, the effects are found to vary over the period following democratization.

Comparative proteomic profiling within each developmental stage of the solanum fruit fly, Bactrocera latifrons Hendel

Chiou Ling Chang,Scott M. Geib 한국응용곤충학회 2018 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.21 No.4

Fruit fly development has been widely studied in details, understanding of “what”, “when”, “where”, “why”, and “how” many hundred thousand proteins exist in an insect cell interact and express during development at molecular level largely remained to be clarified. We conducted proteome mapping in all developmental stages of the solanum fruit fly, Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel), by comparing all ages within a stage to their 1-d-old, using 2-D gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Samples of designated ages of each stage of B. latifrons were collected, analyzed, and described. A custom peptide database, derived from a publically available de novo B. latifrons transcriptome assembly was adopted for peptide identification. Identified differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and their putative protein functions were annotated in representative SDS gel images, charts, and tables. Based on our proteomic data, we constructed a preliminary and descriptive reference proteome maps which not only provide valuable information toward a comprehensive understanding of fruit fly development, but also build a foundation for development of novel advanced fruit fly control techniques or further studies related to sterilization insect technique (SIT) and genome deletion. Any epigenetic impacts due to abiotic or biotic environmental factors will be easier to be identified, manipulated, and further led to gene editing research.

The current status of three-dimensional ultrasonography in gynaecology

Chiou Li Ong 대한초음파의학회 2016 ULTRASONOGRAPHY Vol.35 No.1

Ultrasonography (US) is the most recent cross-sectional imaging modality to acquire threedimensional (3D) capabilities. The reconstruction of volumetric US data for multiplanar display took a significantly longer time to develop in comparison with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The current equipment for 3D-US is capable of producing highresolution images in three different planes, including real-time surface-rendered images. The use of 3D-US in gynaecology was accelerated through the development of the endovaginal volume transducer, which allows the automated acquisition of volumetric US data. Although initially considered an adjunct to two-dimensional US, 3D-US is now the imaging modality of choice for the assessment of Müllerian duct anomalies and the location of intrauterine devices.

Changes in Number of Granulosa Cells, Follicular Fluid Levels and Diameter of Oocytes during Folliculogenesis in Pre-pubertal Gilts at Marketing Weight

Chiou, C.M.,Yang, T.S.,Yeh, S.P.,Tsai, M.Z.,Cheng, S.P.,Huang, M.C. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2004 Animal Bioscience Vol.17 No.12

The follicles (1.8 to 7.8 mm in diameter) were recovered from the ovaries in marketed pigs and the number of granulosa cells, the diameter of oocytes obtained from different development stages of the follicles and follicular fluid levels were determined. Correlations between size measurements and cell counts as well as the diameter of antral follicles and oocytes were also investigated. The results indicated that, while expanding in size, follicle numbers decreased with a greater atretic proportion. Granulosa cells increased in numbers continuously and remained unchanged beyond the size of 200 ${mm}^3$ in non-atretic follicles, whereas a sudden drop of granulosa counts was observed in atretic follicles. Follicular fluid, on the other hand, linearly increased its volume with follicle size and differed little between those of non-atretic and atretic follicles. Diameters of oocytes in non-atretic follicles increased to its maximum when follicles expanded to 150 ${mm}^3$ and maintained its size during later follicular expansion. It is concluded that, for in vitro culture, the optimal size of porcine follicle should be between 150 to 180 ${mm}^3$if they are collected from pre-pubertal gilts of marketing size slaughtered in an abattoir.

Proteomics/qPCR protocol to estimate physical ages of wild male oriental fruit flies, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)

Chiou Ling Chang 한국응용곤충학회 2016 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.19 No.2

Laboratory reared fruit flies may have different behavioral phenotypes as compared to the wild in the field. The domesticated lab setting and the absence of factors from the natural environment on lab reared insects may result in different behavioral patterns, such as the length of life cycle. This study was performed to conduct a regression analysis of the ratio of odorant binding protein 99b (OBP99b) expression from 4 to 12-d-old oriental fruit fly males, relative to 1-d-old males to estimate the physical ages of wild male fruit flies. We established two polynomial linear regression equations based on 4–12 days old lab-reared flies using proteomics and qPCR. The equations are Y = −0.7768 + 0.7205X, R2 = 0.89 (for proteomics) and Y = −0.6478 + 0.344X, R2 = 0.64 (for qPCR). We used these equations to estimate the physical ages of wild-caught male fruit flies. These results indicate that despite multiple behavioral differences between laboratory reared and field-caught flies, the physical ages of both groups are identical.We suggest proteomics and qPCR analysis of selected genes and the proteins they encode may be developed into reliable tools for determining the ages of wild-caught animals, including oriental fruit flies.

Effect of High Dietary Copper on the Morphology of Gastro-Intestinal Tract in Broiler Chickens

Chiou, P.W.S.,Chen, C.L.,Chen, K.L.,Wu, C.P. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1999 Animal Bioscience Vol.12 No.4

An experiment was conducted to study the effects of high dietary copper supplementation on the gastrointestinal tract morphology of broiler chickens. Eighty 3-week-old broiler chicks were divided randomly into eight groups of four dietary treatments and over three week were fed isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets that contained 0, 100, 250, or 500 mg/kg of supplemental copper from cupric sulfate. The copper supplementation in the broiler diet up to 250 mg/kg did not significantly influence broilers' performance. A high dietary copper supplementation of 500 mg/kg did significantly depress growth and feed conversion in the broilers (p<0.05). Copper supplementation more than 250 mg/kg in the broiler diet significantly influenced the morphology of the GI tract, as shown by severe oral lesions and gizzard erosion. It also significantly depressed the villi height and significantly thickened the muscular layer in the duodenum (p<0.05). The severely damaged villi were observed by scanning electronic microscope from the duodenum samples of broilers fed a 500 mg/kg copper supplemented diet. The 500 mg/kg copper supplemented diet also significantly influenced the plasma constituents. Plasma glucose concentration was significantly depressed (p<0.05).

Influence of Gender on Serum Growth Hormone, Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I and Its Binding Protein-3 during Aging

Chiou-Meei Lin,Yeou-Lih Huang,Zu-Yau Lin 연세대학교의과대학 2009 Yonsei medical journal Vol.50 No.3

Purpose: The serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factors-I (IGF-I), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) and growth hormone (GH) are related to body composition, function and metabolism, and are influenced by the aging process. This study was to investigate the influence of gender on serum concentrations of IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and GH in middle and old age subjects. Materials and Methods: Sixty healthy volunteers (male 35, female 25, 36-70 years) were divided into ≤ 50 and > 50 years groups, based on gender. Women > 50 years were post-menopause. IGF-I, IGFBP-3, and GH were determined by immunoradiometric assay. Results: IGF-I was shown to be negatively correlated with age (women r = -0.62, p < 0.001; men r = -0.38, p < 0.05), whereas there was no correlation between IGF-I and GH values. Women > 50 years showed a significant reduction in IGF-I values than women ≤ 50 years (p < 0.01). Women > 50 years showed smaller IGF-I/IGFBP-3 molar ratios (0.177998 ± 0.039404) than men of same age group (0.228326 ± 0.050979, p < 0.01) and women ≤ 50 years (0.247667 ± 0.069411, p < 0.01). Age was shown to positively correlate with GH/IGF-I (r = 0.49, p < 0.05) and GH/IGFBP-3 ratios (r = 0.40, p < 0.05) in women. Conclusions: The influence of aging on serum concentrations of IGF-I is more remarkable in women than in men. Menopause causes reduction of IGF-I/IGFBP-3 molar ratio. Women have the trend of progressive hypoactivity of GH to stimulate IGF-I and IGFBP-3 secretions with age. Purpose: The serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factors-I (IGF-I), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) and growth hormone (GH) are related to body composition, function and metabolism, and are influenced by the aging process. This study was to investigate the influence of gender on serum concentrations of IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and GH in middle and old age subjects. Materials and Methods: Sixty healthy volunteers (male 35, female 25, 36-70 years) were divided into ≤ 50 and > 50 years groups, based on gender. Women > 50 years were post-menopause. IGF-I, IGFBP-3, and GH were determined by immunoradiometric assay. Results: IGF-I was shown to be negatively correlated with age (women r = -0.62, p < 0.001; men r = -0.38, p < 0.05), whereas there was no correlation between IGF-I and GH values. Women > 50 years showed a significant reduction in IGF-I values than women ≤ 50 years (p < 0.01). Women > 50 years showed smaller IGF-I/IGFBP-3 molar ratios (0.177998 ± 0.039404) than men of same age group (0.228326 ± 0.050979, p < 0.01) and women ≤ 50 years (0.247667 ± 0.069411, p < 0.01). Age was shown to positively correlate with GH/IGF-I (r = 0.49, p < 0.05) and GH/IGFBP-3 ratios (r = 0.40, p < 0.05) in women. Conclusions: The influence of aging on serum concentrations of IGF-I is more remarkable in women than in men. Menopause causes reduction of IGF-I/IGFBP-3 molar ratio. Women have the trend of progressive hypoactivity of GH to stimulate IGF-I and IGFBP-3 secretions with age.

Comparison of Digestive Function Among Rabbits, Guinea-Pigs, Rats and Hamsters. I. Performance, Digestibility and Rate of Digesta Passage

Chiou, Peter Wen-Shyg,Yu, Bi,Kuo, Chung-Yi Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2000 Animal Bioscience Vol.13 No.11

This trial was to compare the digestive function of laboratory animals, which included omnivores (rats) and herbivores (rabbits, guinea pigs and hamsters). Ten weanling rats, rabbits, guinea pigs and hamster were randomly allocated in individual metabolic cages for a performance and a digestibility trial. Results showed that guinea pigs were significantly best in digestion of dietary crude protein and fiber. Rabbits, however, had the poorest nutrient digestion among the herbivores. Crude fiber digested significantly less by rats than by the herbivores (p<0.05). The digesta retention in the GI tract was longest in rabbits followed by guinea pigs, rats and hamsters. The relative length of the large intestine was significantly shorter in rats as compared to guinea pigs or hamsters. Both the weight and length ratio of the caecum or colon-rectum to the large intestine reflected the major site for fermentation that was the caecum in rabbits and the colon-rectum in guinea pigs. 10% of crude fiber diet did not result in damaged mucosa in any of the experimental animals in this trial.

Large displacement analysis of inelastic frame structures by convected material frame approach

Chiou, Yaw-Jeng,Wang, Yeon-Kang,Hsiao, Pang-An,Chen, Yi-Lung Techno-Press 2002 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.13 No.2

This paper presents the convected material frame approach to study the nonlinear behavior of inelastic frame structures. The convected material frame approach is a modification of the co-rotational approximation by incorporating an adaptive convected material frame in the basic definition of the displacement vector and strain tensor. In the formulation, each discrete element is associated with a local coordinate system that rotates and translates with the element. For each load increment, the corresponding strain-displacement and nodal force-stress relationships are defined in the updated local coordinates, and based on the updated element geometry. The rigid body motion and deformation displacements are decoupled for each increment. This modified approach incorporates the geometrical nonlinearities through the continuous updating of the material frame geometry. A generalized nonlinear function is used to derive the inelastic constitutive relation and the kinematic hardening is considered. The equation of motion is integrated by an explicit procedure and it involves only vector assemblage and vector storage in the analysis by assuming a lumped mass matrix of diagonal form. Several numerical examples are demonstrated in close agreement with the solutions obtained by the ANSYS code. Numerical studies show that the proposed approach is capable of investigating large deflection of inelastic planar structures and providing an excellent numerical performance.