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Che-Chao Chiang,Min-chi Chang,Po-Tsang Chen,Fu-Ming Chiang 세계문화관광학회 2010 Conference Proceedings Vol.11 No.0
This study examines the information searching of business travelers and their behavior based on the cultural differences. Despite growing academic interest in business travel i n recent years, there has been little investigation of the information search behaviors of business travelers in a cross-culture context. The above themes are rational assumed that information search behaviour are necessary to understand. To address the identified gap s in the literature, the proposed relationships are examined and presented through using chi-square method with a survey sample. The research sample included Japanese, English and Chinese business travellers. A self-administrated questionnaire was distributed to 211 business travelers attending international conventions in Taipei. The research findings reveal that information preferences of business travelers are significantly differed from the three recognized groups in the case of Taiwan. Some significant differences in information search behaviors were recognized amongst the three recognized respondent groups. Marketing implications were also proposed and presented.
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An Jen Chiang,Min-Yu Chen,Chia-Sui Weng,Hao Lin,Chien-Hsing Lu,Peng-Hui Wang,Yu-Fang Huang,Ying-Cheng Chiang,Mu-Hsien Yu,Chih-Long Chang 대한부인종양학회 2017 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.28 No.5
Objective: The malignant transformation (MT) of ovarian mature cystic teratoma (MCT)to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is very rare. This study analyzed cases from multiplemedical centers in Taiwan to investigate the clinicopathologic characteristics, treatment, andprognostic factors of this disease and reviewed related literature. Methods: Pathological reports of 16,001 patients with primary ovarian cancer who weretreated at Taiwan medical centers from 1990 to 2011 were reviewed. In total, 52 patients withMT of MCT to SCC were identified. Results: Among all ovarian MCTs, the incidence of MT to SCC is 0.2%. The median age ofpatients was 52 years (range, 29–89 years), and the mean tumor size was 10.5 cm (range, 1–40cm). We analyzed the patients in our study and those in the literature and determined thatearly identification and complete surgical resection of the tumor are essential for long-termsurvival. In addition, adjuvant chemotherapy or concurrent chemoradiotherapy can be usedto treat this malignancy. Old age, large tumor size (≥15.0 cm), and solid components in MCTsare suitable indicators predicting the risk of MT of MCT to SCC. Conclusion: Similar to general epithelial ovarian cancers, the early detection of MT of MCTto SCC is critical to long-term survival. Therefore, older patients with a large tumor or those with a tumor containing a solid component in a clinically diagnosed MCT should beevaluated to exclude potential MT to SCC.
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Ying-Cheng Chiang,Chi-An Chen,Chun-Ju Chiang,Tsui-Hsia Hsu,Ming-Chieh Lin,San-Lin You,Wen-Fang Cheng,Mei-Shu Lai 대한부인종양학회 2013 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.24 No.4
Objective: To investigate the changes of incidence and prognosis of epithelial ovarian cancer in thirty years in Taiwan. Methods: The databases of women with epithelial ovarian cancer during the period from 1979 to 2008 were retrieved from the National Cancer Registration System of Taiwan. The incidence and prognosis of these patients were analyzed. Results: Totally 9,491 patients were included in the study. The age-adjusted incidences of epithelial ovarian cancer were 1.01, 1.37, 2.37, 3.24, 4.18, and 6.33 per 100,000 person-years, respectively, in every 5-year period from 1979 to 2008. The age-specific incidence rates increased especially in serous, endometrioid and clear cell carcinoma, and the age of diagnosis decreased from sixty to fifty years old in the three decades. Patients with mucinous, endometrioid, or clear cell carcinoma had better long-term survival than patients with serous carcinoma (log rank test, p<0.001). Patients with undifferentiated carcinoma or carcinosarcoma had poorer survival than those with serous carcinoma (log rank test, p<0.001). The mortality risk of age at diagnosis of 30-39 was significantly higher than that of age of 70 years or more (test for trend, p<0.001). The mortality risk decreased from the period of 1996-1999 (hazard ratio [HR], 0.90; p=0.054) to the period after 2000 (HR, 0.74; p<0.001) as compared with that from the period of 1991-1995. Conclusion: An increasing incidence and decreasing age of diagnosis in epithelial ovarian cancer patients were noted. Histological type, age of diagnosis, and treatment period were important prognostic factors for epithelial ovarian carcinoma.
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An Observer-based Fuzzy Neural Network Adaptive ILC for Nonlinear Systems
Chiang-Ju Chien,Ying-Chung Wang 제어로봇시스템학회 2013 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2013 No.10
To deal with the iterative learning control problem for more general class of uncertain nonlinear systems using only output measurement, an observer based adaptive iterative learning control strategy using filtered fuzzy neural network was proposed in this paper. A model reference control technique is firstly presented to derive a state error observer for state estimation. A mixed time-domain and ..-domain representation is then used to develop an error model as a relative degree one stable system with some uncertain nonlinearities and filtered signals as the inputs. An averaging filter is also proposed to further transform the error model so that the AILC can be implemented without using differentiators. The main learning component of the controller is constructed by an filtered fuzzy neural network with the estimated state variables as network input. This main component performs as an approximator to compensate for the unknown system nonlinearities. Furthermore, a normalization signal is applied as a bounding function for designing a robust learning component in order to overcome the lumped uncertainties from function approximation error and state estimation error. Finally, a stabilization learning component is used to guarantee the boundedness of internal signals. Adaptive algorithms are derived to search for suitable parameters during each iteration since the optimal parameters for a good function approximation are in general unavailable. Based on a Lyapunov like analysis, we show that the output tracking error can converge, with all the internal signals bounded, to a small residual set whose level of magnitude depends on a design parameter. Simulation results also show the nice tracking performance with application to some practical nonlinear systems.
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CHIANG Lan-Hung Nora 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 2023 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.29 No.2
Studies of trans-local marriages in Taiwan focused on Mainland Chinese and Southeast Asian women married to Taiwanese men, documenting how they had joined the lower rungs of the work force, and shouldered a major amount of family responsibilities that included reproductive roles. They were projected in literature and the media as subjugated women and objects of commodified marriages and exploitation. In contrast, marriage migration of middle-class women was seldom studied. This paper explores East Asian middle-class marriage migrants’ embodied experiences in their work and family roles, exposing them to the patriarchal structures and unequal power relations that exist in Taiwan. Twenty in-depth interviews were conducted from 2019 to 2021 on participants from Greater China (Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macau), Korea, Japan, and Singapore. Advanced education, professional performance, and feminist consciousness have empowered these women to become agents of change in the family and the workplace and shall benefit Taiwan’s economy in the long run as highly skilled human resources.
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Non-fillable invariant contact structures on principal circle bundles and left-handed twists
Chiang, R.,Ding, F.,van Koert, O. WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING 2016 International Journal of Mathematics Vol.27 No.3
<P>We define symplectic fractional twists, which subsume Dehn twists and fibered twists and use these in open books to investigate contact structures. The resulting contact structures are invariant under a circle action, and share several similarities with the invariant contact structures that were studied by Lutz and Giroux. We show that left-handed fractional twists often give rise to 'algebraically overtwisted' contact manifolds, a certain class of non-fillable contact manifolds.</P>
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On the theory of curved anisotropic plate
Chiang, Yih-Cherng Techno-Press 2006 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.22 No.6
A general theory which describes the elastic response of a curved anisotropic plate subjected to stretching and bending will be developed by considering the nonlinear effect that reflecting the non-flat geometry of the structure. By applying a newly derived $6{\times}6$ matrix constitutive relation between force resultants, moment resultants, mid-plane strains and deformed curvatures, the governing differential equations for a curved anisotropic plate is developed in the usual manner, namely, by consideration of the constitutive relation and equilibrium equations. Solutions are obtained for simply-supported boundary conditions and compared to corresponding solutions that neglecting the nonlinear effect in the analysis. The comparisons indicate that the nonlinear terms in the equations that caused by the curvature of the structure is crucial for the curved plate analysis. Under certain curved plate geometries the unreasonable results will be induced by neglecting the nonlinear effect in the analysis.
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CHIANG, Lan-hung Nora Asian Center for Women's Study ; Ewha Womans Unive 2004 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.10 No.4
Most women have joined the stream of immigrants from Taiwan to Australasia as associational movers and supporters rather than as autonomous migrants, as part of the Business and Skills Migration Programs. Previous research on Taiwanese immigrants to Australasia has not included a gender-sensitive dimension and this study seeks to understand the immigrant experience and types of problems faced by women in particular. The term "tan chi ma md." was coined for lone mothers who stay in Australasia with their children during their education, while the men moved back to Taiwan or to other countries to make a living. In spite of their middle-class background and work experiences, the former were excluded from the labor market, and often became full-time homemakers. In this preliminary investigation, four case studies from Australia and New Zealand are presented to illustrate the types of adaptations made by women as "tan chi ma ma." In spite of struggling to balance the needs of husbands and children and suffering a number of disadvantages in their new environment, they frequently enjoyed an autonomy and freedom from responsibilities they had to fulfill toward their extended families in Taiwan, under the control of their in-laws. Apart from the mutual support and bonds amongst other migrant women, these women benefited considerably from Taiwanese associations of various kinds, which provided practical care upon arrival, friendship, and Chinese educational resources for their children. They were also able to contribute as volunteers in the host society and gain in terms of personal growth and self-esteem, despite facing several difficulties in adapting to the new environment. In this paper, the voices of Taiwanese women are represented through a qualitative study to gain an empathetic understanding of their situation.
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