Development of dietary pattern evaluation tool for adults and correlation with Dietary Quality Index

Cheongmin Sohn,Yeo Jin Cho,Misung Kim,Kyung-Suk Choi,Kyung Won Kim,Yeo Do Lee 대한지역사회영양학회 2016 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.10 No.3

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: As the prevalence of chronic diseases has risen, the need for straightforward diagnostic tools for monitoring nutrition status to improve nutrition counseling and disease prevention has likewise increased. This study developed an easily usable dietary behavior pattern diagnosis checklist and investigated its correlation with dietary quality index. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A draft dietary pattern evaluation tool was generated by analyzing previous studies. The draft questionnaire comprised 61 questions for assessing dietary habits. A survey was administered to 320 adults (19 to 64 years old) using the dietary pattern evaluation tool and 24-hour-recall method between March and May of 2014 in Jeonbuk province and the metropolitan area. Principal component analysis with varimax rotation was performed to identify dietary behavior patterns. Nutritional analysis was conducted using CAN-Pro 4.0, and the Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) was calculated to assess dietary quality. The correlation between dietary pattern scores and DQI-I scores was also analyzed. RESULTS: The factor analysis resulted in a total of 34 questions mapped to four main dietary behavior patterns: “high fat and calorie” pattern (12 questions), “overeating/binge” pattern (nine questions), “dietary impulse” pattern (eight questions), and “unbalanced food intake” pattern (five questions). The four dietary behavior patterns were negatively correlated with DQI-I adequacy and total scores (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The dietary pattern evaluation tool developed in this study can be used to diagnose a client’s dietary behavior problems and is available as a nutrition counseling tool in the field.

Validity and Reliability of a Selfadministered Food Frequency Questionnaire to Assess Vitamin K Intake in Korean Adults

( Eunsu Kim ),( Misung Kim ),( Cheongmin Sohn ) 한국임상영양학회 2016 Clinical Nutrition Research Vol.5 No.3

This study was conducted to validate a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to assess vitamin K intake in clinical and research settings based on data from the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V). We collected a subset of data on informative food items using the 24-hour recall method from adults aged 19 to 64 years from KNHANES V. The cumulative percent contribution and cumulative multiple regression coefficients for vitamin K intake from each food were computed. Twenty-five foods items were selected for the FFQ to assess vitamin K intake. The FFQ was validated against intakes derived from a 5-day food record (5DR) (n = 48). To assess the reliability of the FFQ, participants completed the self-administered FFQ (FFQ1) and a second FFQ (FFQ2) after a 6-month period (n = 54). Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficients, the cross-classification method, and Bland-Altman plots. Mean intakes were similar for vitamin K between the FFQ and dietary records, with significant correlations observed (r = 0.652), and cross-classification analyses demonstrated no major misclassification of participants into intake quartiles. Bland-Altman plots showed no serious systematic bias between the administrations of the two dietary assessment methods over the range of mean intakes. FFQ reliability was high, with a Pearson’s correlation coefficient of 0.560. This pilot study shows promising validation and reliability evidence for the use of this FFQ, which is focused on vitamin K intake in adults, as an efficient screening tool in clinical and research settings.

Relationship between vitamin K status, bone mineral density, and hs-CRP in young Korean women

Misung Kim,Heeseon Kim,Cheongmin Sohn 대한지역사회영양학회 2010 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.4 No.6

Vitamin K intake has been reported as an essential factor for bone formation. The current study was conducted under the hypothesis that insufficient vitamin K intake would affect inflammatory markers and bone mineral density in young adult women. The study was a cross-sectional design that included 75 women in their 20s. Physical assessments, bone mineral density measurements, 24-hr dietary recalls, and biochemical assessments for high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and percentages of undercarboxylated osteocalcin (%ucOC) were performed. An analysis of vitamin K nutritional status was performed comparing first, second, and third tertiles of intake based on %ucOC in plasma. Vitamin K intake levels in the first, second, and third tertiles were 94.88 ± 51.48 ㎍, 73.85 ± 45.15 ㎍, and 62.58 ± 39.92 ㎍, respectively (P < 0.05). The T-scores of the first and third tertiles were 1.06 and -0.03, respectively, indicating that bone mineral density was significantly lower in the group with lower vitamin K intake (P < 0.05). There was a tendency for different serum hs-CRP concentrations between the first (0.04 ± 0.02) and third tertiles (0.11 ± 0.18), however this was not statistically significant. Regression analysis was performed to identify the correlations between vitamin K nutritional status, inflammatory markers, and bone mineral density after adjusting for age and BMI. Serum hs-CRP concentrations were positively correlated with vitamin K deficiency status (P < 0.05). And bone mineral density, which was represented by speed, was negatively correlated with vitamin K deficiency status (P < 0.05). In conclusion, status of vitamin K affects inflammatory status and bone formation. Therefore, sufficient intake of vitamin K is required to secure peak bone mass in young adult women.

`만`과 `도`의 이차 의미

김정민(Cheongmin Kim) 한국중원언어학회 2016 언어학연구 Vol.0 No.41

The meaning of the English adverbs only and too/also has been the subject of intense debate; in particular, regarding the statuses of their prejacent and existential implicatum respectively. It has been argued that it is a presupposition or a conventional implicature. Presupposition and conventional implicature are defined as secondary meanings by their collective opposition to the primary semantic content. Some authors like Karttunen and Zaenen (2005) see the difference between conventional implicatures and presuppositions relatively small compared to their similarities. Bach (1999) judges conventional implicature a ‘myth’ on the grounds that the meanings involved are indistinguishable from at-issue entailments. However, the defining feature of conventional implicature is that it is logically independent of the central at-issue content. And this is relevant to the question of how we distinguish conventional implicatures from presuppositions. This paper aims to argue that the prejacent of Korean man ‘only’ sentences and the existential implicatum of to ‘too/also’ sentences are closer to a conventional implicature than to a presupposition in that they are independent of the at-issue content.

고정함축 논의의 흐름과 쟁점들

김정민(Cheongmin Kim) 한국중원언어학회 2018 언어학연구 Vol.0 No.49

The purpose of this paper is to review the history of the conventional implicature studies and to discuss some issues related to it. In describing meanings that do not touch the truth-conditional content, Frege directly prefigured Grice’s conventional implicature. Conventional implicature is defined as a subsidiary thought with respect to a truth-conditional content. It is characterized by independence, detachability, non-cancellability and speaker-orientedness. Of these, the speaker-orientedness requirement of Potts (2005) seems to be unsustainable. The indirect quotation (IQ) test of Bach (1999) seems weakened by the fact that pragmatically acceptable indirect reports commonly differ widely in both form and semantic content from the reported utterance. So there is no significant reason to deny the classification of but and therefore as contributors of conventional implicature. On the other hand, whether we are inclined to judge a sentence false on the basis of the falsity of its contained supplemental depends on our evaluation of the significance of the information in that supplemental for the entire claim.

‘만’의 단언, 전제, 함축

김정민(Cheongmin Kim) 한국중원언어학회 2015 언어학연구 Vol.0 No.34

Studies in Linguistics 34, 1-20. The man ‘only’ sentence in (1) conveys two propositions: the exclusive proposition that nobody other than Yuna came to the party and the proposition that Yuna came to the party, which we will call the prejacent. (1) Yuna-man party-e o-ass-ta Yuna-only party-to come-Past-Decl ‘Only Yuna came to the party.’ The meaning of the English adverb only has been the subject of intense debate; in particular, regarding the status of its prejacent. It has been argued that it is a presupposition, a conversational implicature, and an entailment. The detailed consideration of the meaning of man ‘only’ elucidates the relationship between these various types of meanings. This paper aims to argue that the prejacent of Korean man ‘only’ sentences is closer to a presupposition than to an entailment or a conversational implicature. A problem is that the prejacent can felicitously be new information. However, according to the common ground theory of pragmatic presuppositions, informative presuppositions aren’t the problem that they might have initially appeared to be.

어르신의 건강체중 유지를 위한 보양죽 개발 및 기호도 평가

김지유(Jiyu Kim),심지수(Jisoo Shim),차슬기(Seulki Cha),진하정(Hajeong Jin),김도희(Dohui Kim),최은지(Eunji Choe),김효진(Hyojin Kim),나우리(Woori Na),정봉희(Bong hee Chung),손정민(Cheongmin Sohn) 한국생활과학회 2018 한국생활과학회 학술대회 Vol.2018 No.11

Eating habits, physical activity, nutrition knowledge, and self-efficacy by obesity status in upper-grade elementary school students

Kyung Won Kim,Seong Ah Ha,Seo Yeon Lee,Kyung A Kim,Jung Sook Seo,Cheongmin Sohn,HaeryunPark 한국영양학회 2016 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.10 No.6

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Childhood obesity has increased in recent decades in Korea. This study was designed to examine differences in the eating habits, physical activity (PA), nutrition knowledge, and self-efficacy of children by obesity status. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Subjects were 5th-grade children from 70 elementary schools in 17 cities nationwide. Two-stage stratified cluster sampling was employed. Survey questionnaire included items related to general characteristics, eating habits, PA, nutrition knowledge and self-efficacy. Excluding incomplete responses, 3,531 data were analyzed using SPSS. Subjects were categorized into overweight∙obesity (OW) and normal weight (NW) groups based on body mass index percentiles for age by sex. RESULTS: A total of 21.5% of subjects was overweight or obese. There were significant differences in gender, perceived stress, perception of body shape, body satisfaction, and interest in weight control between the OW and NW groups (P < 0.001). With respect to eating habits, the OW group ate breakfast (P < 0.05) and snacks (P < 0.01) less frequently, ate bigger meals (P < 0.001), and demonstrated less desirable behaviors during meals (P < 0.05 in boys) compared to the NW group. The OW group participated in less PA than the NW group, especially boys. OW boys spent less time walking during weekdays (P < 0.05) or the weekend (P < 0.001), spent more time being sedentary during weekdays or the weekend (P < 0.001), and exercised a fewer number of days (P < 0.01). For girls, the OW group spent more time being sedentary during the weekend (P < 0.01) and exercised a fewer number of days by walking or bicycle riding (P < 0.05) than the NW group. Nutrition knowledge was not significantly different between the OW and NW groups. Self-efficacy (P < 0.01 in boys), especially PA self-efficacy (P < 0.01), was significantly lower in the OW than NW group. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed differences in eating habits, PA, and self-efficacy between OW and NW children. Obesity management programs for children need to focus on increasing self-efficacy, modifying eating habits, and increasing PA.

Relationship between inflammation biomarkers, antioxidant vitamins, and bone mineral density in patients with metabolic syndrome

Yesong Lee,Misung Kim,Kyungsuk Choi,Juyong Kim,Wookyung Bae,Sohye Kim,Cheongmin Sohn 한국영양학회 2011 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.5 No.2

Few studies have shown the correlation between metabolic syndrome and bone mineral density (BMD). The main pathogenic mechanisms of metabolic syndrome rely on chronic low-level inflammatory status and oxidative stress. There are few studies that examine the gender-specific effects of inflammation and antioxidants on BMD. In this study, we evaluated the relative contribution of these factors in patients with metabolic syndrome. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 67 men and 46 postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome; metabolic syndrome was defined as having three or more metabolic syndrome risk factors. BMD, body fat mass, and lean body mass were evaluated. We also examined the levels of high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), adiponectin, vitamin E, and C in serum. Log-transformed hs-CRP levels were significantly higher in lumbar spine osteoporotic subjects than in normal subjects for women but not for men. There was no significant difference between the normal group and the osteoporotic group in other inflammatory markers. Stepwise regression analyses for BMD of the lumbar spine showed that lean body mass and vitamin E were significant determinants in men. Lean body mass and log-transformed hs-CRP were significant determinants in women Analysis for BMD of the femoral neck showed that lean body mass was a significant determinant for both men and women. There was no significant factor among the inflammatory markers or antioxidant vitamins affecting the femoral neck BMD for either gender. In conclusion, while hs-CRP is an independent predictor of the BMD of the lumbar spine in women, vitamin E showed profound effects on BMD in men but not women with metabolic syndrome.

관심영역 암호화 시 발생하는 H.264 영상의 비트레이트 오버헤드 최소화 방법 연구

손동열(Dongyeol Son),김지민(Jimin Kim),지청민(Cheongmin Ji),김강석(Kangseok Kim),김기형(Kihyung Kim),홍만표(Manpyo Hong) 한국정보보호학회 2018 정보보호학회논문지 Vol.28 No.2

H.264/AVC-MPEG의 JM v10.2 코드 기반에서 QCIF (176x144) 해상도를 가지는 News 샘플 영상을 사용하여 실험을 하였다. 암호화를 하게 될 관심영역(Region of Interest, ROI)이 H.264 표준의 움직임 예측 및 보상의 특성상 연속적으로 각 프레임마다 불필요하게 참조하여 드리프트를 발생시켰다. 드리프트를 완화하기 위해 암호화가 된 I픽처를 특정 주기로 재삽입하는 최신 관련연구의 방법은 추가 연산량 증가로 이어져 영상 전체의 비트레이트 오버헤드가 증가하는 요인이 된다. 따라서 움직임 예측 및 보상 단계에서 각 프레임마다 암호화가 될 관심영역에서의 Block과 Frame의 참조 탐색 범위를 제한하고, 암호화가 되지 않을 비관심영역에서의 참조 탐색 범위는 정상적인 인코딩 효율을 유지하기 위해 제한하지 않는다. 이와 같이 특정 참조 탐색 범위가 제한된 영상 인코딩을 한 후, 영상 속 개인정보 보호를 위해 얼굴과 같이 개인 식별이 가능한 관심영역에 대해 RC4 비트스트림 암호화 하는 방법을 제안한다. 그리고 동일한 환경의 조건에서 암호화되지 않은 원본 영상과 최신 관련연구 방법과 본 연구의 제안 방법을 각각 구현한 후, 실험 결과들을 비교 · 분석하였다. 최신 관련연구 방법과 다르게 제안방법을 통해 시간상 드리프트를 완화하면서, 제안방법이 적용된 영상 전체의 비트레이트 오버헤드가 원본 영상보다 2.35% 증가되고 최신 관련연구 방법보다 14.93% 감소되었다. 이와 같이 향상된 결과는 본 연구의 실험을 통해 입증하였다. This paper has experimented using News sample video with QCIF (176x144) resolution in JM v10.2 code of H.264/AVC-MPEG. The region of interest (ROI) to be encrypted occurred the drift by unnecessarily referring to each frame continuously in accordance with the characteristics of the motion prediction and compensation of the H.264 standard. In order to mitigate the drift, the latest related research method of re-inserting encrypted I-picture into a certain period leads to an increase in the amount of additional computation that becomes the factor increasing the bit-rate overhead of the entire video. Therefore, the reference search range of the block and the frame in the ROI to be encrypted is restricted in the motion prediction and compensation for each frame, and the reference search range in the non-ROI not to be encrypted is not restricted to maintain the normal encoding efficiency. In this way, after encoding the video with restricted reference search range, this article proposes a method of RC4 bit-stream encryption for the ROI such as the face to be able to identify in order to protect personal information in the video. Also, it is compared and analyzed the experimental results after implementing the unencrypted original video, the latest related research method, and the proposed method in the condition of the same environment. In contrast to the latest related research method, the bit-rate overhead of the proposed method is 2.35% higher than that of the original video and 14.93% lower than that of the latest related method, while mitigating temporal drift through the proposed method. These improved results have verified by experiments of this study.