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Risk Factors for Nephrocalcinosis in Very Low Birth Weight Infants
( Sang Eun Han ),( Teahyen Cha ),( Jinsup Kim ),( Ja Hye Kim ),( Chang Ryul Kim ),( Hyun Kyung Park ),( Hyun Ju Lee ) 대한주산의학회 2019 Perinatology Vol.30 No.1
Objective: The objective was to identify risk factors for nephrocalcinosis in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Methods: Prospective study has done between 2014 and 2017. The study included 81 VLBW infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Renal ultrasonography was performed at four weeks and 3 months. Baseline characteristics, complications and medication during NICU admission were collected. 25-(OH)-vitamin D, calcium, phosphorous, alkaline phosphatase, urine calcium to creatinine ratio were serially measured. Results: The incidence of nephrocalcinosis was 16.9%. On univariate analysis, gestational age, lower birth weight, maternal pregnancy-induced hypertension, neonatal sepsis, and frequency of vancomycin and caffeine citrate treatment were significantly associated with nephrocalcinosis. In addition, preterm infants with nephrocalcinosis had lower cord blood 25-(OH)-vitamin D and serum calcium levels and higher serum alkaline phosphatase levels at 2 weeks of life. Multivariate analysis showed that gestational age (P=0.042), birth weight (P=0.019), sepsis (P=0.046), small for gestational age (P=0.015), and maternal pregnancy-induced hypertension (P=0.024) were significant risk factors for nephrocalcinosis. Conclusion: This study suggests that neonatal sepsis and maternal pregnancy-induced hypertension, in addition to gestational age and birth weight are important perinatal risk factors for nephrocalcinosis.
이상원 ( Sang Won Lee ),김동율 ( Dong Ryul Kim ),차웅석 ( Wung Seok Cha ) 경락경혈학회 2011 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.28 No.2
Objectives: This study is on the acupuncture and moxibustion treatment records of King Hyeonjong, classified according to diseases and chronology. Methods: Records on the acupuncture and moxibustion treatment of King Hyeonjong have been extracted from the web database of 『The Daily Records of Royal Secretariat of Chosun Dynasty』. First, all articles containing the keywords ``Yakbang (藥房)`` and ``Euigwan (醫官)`` have been extracted. Then, those during King Hyeonjong`s reign have been rearranged in chronological order. Among these records, those regarding acupuncture and moxibustion have been used in this paper. Results: King Hyeonjong was mostly treated on eye diseases, musculoskeletal system disorders, deficient source qi, and tumor. Acupuncture treatment was preferred for eye diseases, and moxibustion treatment for musculoskeletal disorders. Medicine was used 50 times, acupuncture 4 times, and moxibustion 14 times to treat source qi deficiency, showing that acupuncture and moxibustion treatments were used for clear deficiency syndrome. Only on the case of tumor, the number of acupuncture treatments was bigger than that of medicine treatments. Conclusions: In the early days of his reign, King Hyeonjong suffered from hypochondria, as compared to source qi deficiency and septicemia during later days. He received frequent acupuncture and moxibustion treatments, and he especially preferred those treatments for eye diseases and musculoskeletal disorders.
500 MW급 국내 석탄 표준 화력 적용 초임계 이산화탄소 발전 사이클의 열/경제성 분석
박성호(Sung Ho Park),임동렬(Dong Ryul Rhim),염충섭(Choongsub Yeom),차재민(Jae Min Cha),신중욱(Jung Uk Shin),이춘식(Chun Sik Lee) 한국에너지기후변화학회 2016 에너지기후변화학회지 Vol.11 No.1
To enhance the thermal efficiency of power plants using fossil fuels, the supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO₂) Brayton cycle has rapidly emerged as one of the alternative power generation technologies. In this study, numerical analyses of the conventional coal fired steam Rankine power plant and two cases of coal fired power plants combined with the sCO₂ Brayton cycles were conducted to evaluate the thermo-economic performances quantitatively. The mass flow rates of the sCO₂ Brayton cycle cases were much higher than for the boiler feed water of the steam Rankine power plant from the results of process simulations. The net efficiencies for coal fired power plants combined with sCO₂ Brayton cycles were about 2.5%P~3.4%P higher. The economic analysis for calculating the levelized cost of electricity by TRR method was also carried out, and the levelized costs of electricity for the cases of the sCO₂ Brayton cycles were about 5.4%P~6.7%P lower than that of the steam Rankine power plant. Additionally the sCO₂ Brayton cycles have the potential benefit of reducing the total capital investment with smaller turbo-machinery sizes. Consequently, the coal fired power plants with sCO₂ Brayton cycles seemed to be more efficient and economical than for the conventional steam Rankine power cycle.
점포의 물리적 환경이 고객만족을 매개해 점포충성도에 미치는 영향
차성환(Sung-Hwan CHA),배병렬(Byung-Ryul BAE),이지원(Ji-Won LEE) 전북대학교 산업경제연구소 2012 아태경상저널 Vol.4 No.3
본 연구는 에코레이블이 부착된 세제를 대상으로 소비자들의 구매의도와 구매경험 간의 관련성을 파악하고, 소비자를 4가지 유형으로 분류(구매경험과 구매의도 모두 없음, 구매의도는 있으나 경험은 없음, 경험은 있으나 의도는 없음, 의도와 경험 모두 있음)하였다. 분류된 소비자유형간 특성들의 차이검증과 더불어 의도와 경험이 모두 없는 유형과 비교하여 각각 의도만 있는 유형, 경험만 있는 유형 및 의도와 경험 모두 있는 유형의 행동차이에 영향을 주는 요인을 분석하였다. 분석 결과 에코레이블이 부착된 세제의 구매의도와 구매경험은 유의하게 상관성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 제품 특성들에 있어서는 에코레이블 이해, 선택자신감, 준거집단 영향력, 광고효과, 제품관심, 가격가치지각 및 정부정책(보조금, 세금)에 대한 소비자 선호 등이 소비자유형별로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 관련요인의 경우 의도와 경험이 모두 없는 유형과 비교하여 다른 모든 유형들에서 연령은 유의한 것으로 나타났으며, 교육수준은 의도와 경험 모두를 가진 소비자유형에서 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 광고효과는 의도만 있거나 경험과 의도 모두 있는 소비자들의 경우 유의한 것으로 나타났으며, 제품에 대한 관심과 환경표시에 대한 이해는 경험이 있는 소비자만이 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 이 밖에 제품선택에 대한 자신감은 경험이 있는 소비자의 경우 부적으로 유의한 것으로 나타났으나, 경험과 의도 모두 있는 소비자의 경우 정적으로 유의한 것으로 나타나 유형별로 상이한 효과가 있음을 알 수 있다. 본 연구는 환경친화적 소비행동을 파악하기 위하여 기본적으로 고려하는 인구통계 및 사회경제적 변수 외에 환경에 대한 관심이나 지식 등의 영향력을 파악함으로써 소비행동을 보다 환경친화적으로 변화시킬 수 있는 방안을 모색하는데 유용한 정보가 될 것이다. Recently, a large number of the coffee shops and franchise coffee shops are continuously increasing. But coffee shops managers are not concerned about the importance of the physical environment of their coffee shop. It is a matter of differentiation, due to the difference between success and failure of the coffee shops will be determined. We analyzed the physical environment of coffee shop which has a competitive advantage. We include coffee shop’s physical environment as follows: space, cleanliness, aesthetic, entertainment, convenience, and comfortable. We modeled customer satisfaction as a mediator on store loyalty. We call this model as full mediation model. We also modeled physical environment directly affect store loyalty. We call this model as partial mediation model. Research results indicate that space, cleanliness, aesthetic physical environment affect on customer satisfaction, and customer satisfaction positively affects store loyalty. We found that cleanliness and aesthetic affect directly store loyalty. Therefore, space, cleanliness, aesthetic physical environment must be considered importantly by coffee shop managers, and coffee shop managers also must provide high level of customer satisfaction.
고온형 멤브레인을 사용한 메탄올 개질 연료전지의 개질기 일체형 평판 설계
김성한(Kim, Sung-Han),장재혁(Jang, Jae-Hyuk),길재형(Gil, Jae-Hyoung),이홍렬(Lee, Hong-Ryul),차혜연(Cha, Hye-Yeon),구보성(Ku, Bo-Sung),정창렬(Jung, Chang-Ryul),쿤두(Kundu, Arunaha),미씨(Miesse, Craig),오용수(Oh, Yong-Soo) 한국신재생에너지학회 2006 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.11
For a mobile application such as cellular phone, micro fuel cells should be extremely compact and thin. RHFC can be an alternative solution because RHFC gives higher power density than DMFC and does not need ahydrogen storage vessel In this paper, RHFC using methanol fuel is made as a novel planar design without a PROX. Both reformer and cell are made closely in a same plate to share the heater of reformer with the cell. The PBI membrane is used in the cell. The reason is that high temperature of reformer can cause a performance drop when perfluorosulfonic acid membrane such as Nafion is used such a high temperature operation also guarantees the higher CO tolerance to MEA catalyst. The cell is designed as an air-breathing type which the cathode of the cell is opened to the air. The commercial Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 steam reformer catalyst is packed in reformer channel. The active area of MEA is 11.9cm² and the peak power density was 27.5mW/cm².