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John Cantwell 서울대학교 경제연구소 2013 Seoul journal of economics Vol.26 No.1
Changes in the environment for international business activities have facilitated more open networked formations, both within and between firms. The spread of more open networks for innovation is increasingly blurring the boundaries between firms. Yet in contrast, more open relationships within large multinational corporations imply that some new boundaries are being correspondingly erected between different sub-units of the firm. A critical feature of more open structures is that internal and external networks have become more closely connected to one another.
Nam, J.,Cantwell, Wesley,Das, Raj,Lowe, Adrian,Kalyanasundaram, Shankar Techno-Press 2016 Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science Vol.3 No.1
Climate changes brought on by human interventions have proved to be more devastating than predicted during the recent decades. Recognition of seriousness of the situation has led regulatory organisations to impose strict targets on allowable carbon dioxide emissions from automotive vehicles. As a possible solution, it has been proposed that Fibre Metal Laminate (FML) system is used to reduce the weight of future vehicles. To facilitate this investigation, FML based on steel and self-reinforced polypropylene was stamp formed into dome shapes under different blank holder forces (BHFs) at room temperature and its forming behaviour analysed. An open-die configuration was used in a hydraulic press so that a 3D photogrammetric measurement system (ARAMIS) could capture real-time surface strains. This paper presents findings on strain evolutions at different points along and at $45^{\circ}$ to fibre directions of circular FML blank, through various stages of forming. It was found initiation and rate of deformation varied with distance from the pole, that the mode of deformations range from biaxial stretching at the pole to drawing towards flange region, at decreasing magnitudes away from the pole in general. More uniform strain distribution was observed for the FML compared to that of plain steel and the most significant effects of BHF were its influence on forming depth and level of strain reached before failure.
Whelan, M.,Kinsella, B.,Furey, A.,Moloney, M.,Cantwell, H.,Lehotay, S.J.,Danaher, M. Elsevier 2010 Journal of chromatography Vol.1217 No.27
A new UHPLC-MS/MS (ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry) method was developed and validated to detect 38 anthelmintic drug residues, consisting of benzimidazoles, avermectins and flukicides. A modified QuEChERS-type extraction method was developed with an added concentration step to detect most of the analytes at <1μgkg<SUP>-1</SUP> levels in milk. Anthelmintic residues were extracted into acetonitrile using magnesium sulphate and sodium chloride to induce liquid-liquid partitioning followed by dispersive solid phase extraction for cleanup. The extract was concentrated into dimethyl sulphoxide, which was used as a keeper to ensure analytes remain in solution. Using rapid polarity switching in electrospray ionisation, a single injection was capable of detecting both positively and negatively charged ions in a 13min run time. The method was validated at two levels: the unapproved use level and at the maximum residue level (MRL) according to Commission Decision (CD) 2002/657/EC criteria. The decision limit (CCα) of the method was in the range of 0.14-1.9 and 11-123μgkg<SUP>-1</SUP> for drugs validated at unapproved and MRL levels, respectively. The performance of the method was successfully verified for benzimidazoles and levamisole by participating in a proficiency study.
Nitrogen removal with energy recovery through N<sub>2</sub>O decomposition
Scherson, Yaniv D.,Wells, George F.,Woo, Sung-Geun,Lee, Jangho,Park, Joonhong,Cantwell, Brian J.,Criddle, Craig S. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2013 Energy & environmental science Vol.6 No.1
<P>A new process for the removal of nitrogen from wastewater is introduced. The process involves three steps: (1) partial nitrification of NH<SUB>4</SUB><SUP>+</SUP> to NO<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>−</SUP>; (2) partial anoxic reduction of NO<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>−</SUP> to N<SUB>2</SUB>O; and (3) N<SUB>2</SUB>O conversion to N<SUB>2</SUB> with energy recovery by either catalytic decomposition to N<SUB>2</SUB> and O<SUB>2</SUB> or use of N<SUB>2</SUB>O to oxidize biogas CH<SUB>4</SUB>. Steps 1 and 3 have been previously established at full-scale. Accordingly, bench-scale experiments focused on step 2. Two strategies were evaluated and found to be effective: in the first, Fe(<SMALL>II</SMALL>) was used to abiotically reduce NO<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>−</SUP> to N<SUB>2</SUB>O; in the second, COD stored as polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) was used as the electron donor for partial heterotrophic reduction of NO<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>−</SUP> to N<SUB>2</SUB>O. For abiotic reduction with Fe(<SMALL>II</SMALL>), the efficiency of conversion of NO<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>−</SUP> to N<SUB>2</SUB>O was over 90% with 98% nitrogen removal from water. For partial heterotrophic denitrification, different selection conditions were imposed on acetate- and nitrite-fed communities initially derived from waste activated sludge. No N<SUB>2</SUB>O was detected when acetate and nitrite were supplied continuously, but N<SUB>2</SUB>O was produced when acetate and nitrite were added as pulses. N<SUB>2</SUB>O conversion efficiency was dependent upon the method of addition of acetate and nitrite. When acetate and nitrite were added together (coupled feeding), the N<SUB>2</SUB>O conversion efficiency was 9–12%, but when acetate and nitrite additions were decoupled, the N<SUB>2</SUB>O conversion efficiency was 60–65%. Decoupled substrate addition selected for a microbial community that accumulated polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) during an anaerobic period after acetate addition then consumed PHB and reduced NO<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>−</SUP> during the subsequent anoxic period. The biological N removal efficiency from the water was 98% over more than 200 cycles. This indicates that decoupled operation can sustain significant long-term N<SUB>2</SUB>O production. Compared to conventional nitrogen removal, the three-step process, referred to here as Coupled Aerobic–anoxic Nitrous Decomposition Operation (CANDO), is expected to decrease oxygen requirements, decrease biomass production, increase organic matter available for recovery as biogas methane, and enable energy recovery from nitrogen, but pilot-scale studies are needed.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>A new wastewater treatment process is introduced that removes and recovers energy from nitrogen waste through N<SUB>2</SUB>O decomposition. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c2ee22487a'> </P>