수처리제로서의 분말활성탄에 관한 문헌고찰

배병욱,김영일,임봉수 大田大學校 環境問題硏究所 1997 환경문제연구소 논문집 Vol.2 No.-

The purpose of this study is to critically review uses that have been reported and to analyze means of employing PAC more efficiently. The extent of adsorption of synthetic organic chemicals(SOC) on PAC is strongly dependent on the type of compound being removed. The reported removals of trihalomethanes and trihalomethane precusors by PAC range from poor to very good. In selecting the point of addition of PAC, consideration must be given to the degree of mixing, the contact time between the PAC and the water, the PAC residence time, and the minimization of interference of adsorption by other water treatment chmicals, such as alum and chlorine.

지하수 내 질산성질소 제거를 위한 이온교환공정의 적용

배병욱 대전대학교 산업기술연구소 2000 산업기술연구소 論文集 Vol.11 No.2

도시상수도가 보급되지 않은 농어촌지역에서 간이상수도용으로 사용되고 있는 지하수가 축산분뇨와 질소비료에 의해 심하게 오염되고 있어 질산성질소의 위해성에 대한 우려가 제기되고 있다. 최근에 충청남도보건환경연구원에서 도내 224개 간이상수도 시설을 대상으로 수질검사를 실시한 결과, 23%에 해당하는 시설이 질산성질소 기준 10 mg/L를 초과하는 것으로 조사되었다. 수중에 존재하는 질산성질소는 이온교환, 생물학적 탈질소, 화학적 환원, 그리고 역삼투나 전기투석 등과 같은 공정으로 제거할 수 있으나, 지하수 내에 존재하는 질산성질소를 제거하는 데는 이온교환이 가장 간단하고 효과적이며 경제적이다. 현재의 지하수 오염상황을 고려할 때 질산성질소 문제를 해결하기 위하여 새로운 관정을 시공하는 것은 더 이상 쉬운 대안이 아닌 것으로 판단된다. 이런 배경에서 이온교환공정에 대한 이해의 폭을 넓히고자, 본 논문에서는 질산성질소의 특성과 이온교환기술의 기본 개념에 대해 고찰하였다. Contamination of groundwater used for drinking water in rural areas with nitrate is becoming an important problem due to its harmful effects. According to a survey by the Governmental Institute in 1997, it is estimated that about 23% of the small water supplies in Chungchongnam-do Province exceeded the maximum admissible level of 10 mg NO3--N/l. Among several techniques available for the removal of nitrate, such as ion exchange, biological denitriflcation, chemical reduction, and reverse osmosis or electrodialysis, the ion exchange process seems to be the most suitable for small water suppliers contaminated by nitrate because of its simplicity, effectiveness, and relatively low cost. Considering the present status of groundwater contaminated by nitrate, boring new pumping wells for potable water sources of small communities can not be a viable alternative any more. The ion exchange technology seems to be the most suitable technology for the treatment of small volumes of groundwater polluted by nitrate, In this paper, for better understanding of the ion exchange process, the characteristics of nitrate and the basic concept of ion exchange were reviewed.

실용적인 이취미 측정법을 이용한 상수원수 내 이취미 모니터링

배병욱,김영일,이병은 대전대학교 환경문제연구소 2001 환경문제연구소 논문집 Vol.5 No.-

In order to investigate the occurrence characteristics of teste and odor(T&O) in drinking water supplies, water quality data of the Songchon water treatment plant(WTP) copes with T&O episode were used. Three kinds of water, such as raw and filtered water of the Songchon WTP, and tap water of consumer's house, were monitored by using three sensory methods, including TON, 2-out-of 5 odor test, and attribute difference test for the presence of absence of geosmin. The population densities of algae species were high correlate with Chlorophyll-a during T&O episode. At that time, dominant genus of algae were blue-green algae which were Microcystis, Oscillatoria, Aphanizomenon, and Anbaena. TON values of raw water increased about 40 since July, but decreased below 10 after July due probably to the heavy rain lasted for a long time. TON values of filtered water were maintained less than 5, because of added PAC(powdered activated carbon) in raw water of the Songchon WTP. For identifying geosmin and 2-MIB in raw and filtered water of the Songchon WTP were measured by Deajeon University and Philadelphia Suburban Water Company(PSWCO). PSWCO Showed some difference in absolute values, there might be somewhat clear relationship between CLSA data and Ton values. The maximum geosmin was about 45 ng/l on July 14. Comparing the results of 2-out-of 5 odor test and TON, it seems that 2-out-of 5 odor test is more sensitive than TON for the samples with TON below 5. Like 2-out-of 5 odor test, it was found that the attribute difference tedt might be more sensitive and appropriate than TON when the odor intensity of sample is low.

황산염 환원균을 이용한 중금속 제거

배병욱,임경묵 大田大學校 環境問題硏究所 1999 환경문제연구소 논문집 Vol.4 No.-

In this study, the possibility to remove heaby metals in various industrial wastewater using sulfate reducing bacteria(SRB). For the proper selection of heavy metal as well as COD : SO₄² : heavy metal ratio, several kinds of serum bottle test(SBT) were conducted. In addition, using a coagulated tannery wastewater(add to 500 glucose mg/ℓ) as a feed, a batch-type anaerobic reactor having a working volume of 13.7ℓ was operated for 132 days in order to culture the acclimatized SRB and to investigate the sulfate reducing potential. When the heavy metal, such as iron, copper, and zinc, was added up to 100 mg/ℓ to medium of SBT without sulfate)COD:SO₄²:heavy metal = 1:0:0.1), the prganic removal rate was seriously inhibited due probably to the toxic effect of heavy matal. But, in the case of sulfate-riching condition(COD:SO₄²:heavy metal = 1:0:0:1), the organic removal rate increased up to 95% and sulfate reducing rate was much more than the blank with no added sulfate. Among three kinds of heavy metal, iron showed the most reasonble results with respect to sulfate reduction. According to the operating results of anaerobic bach reactor, organic removal and sulfate reducing rate was maintained to 59 and 78%, respectively, when the COD loading rate was 0.11kg/㎥·d and sulfate loading rate(SLR) was 0.1kg SO₄²/㎥·d.

Alum계 응집제를 이용한 고탁도 원수의 응집효율 평가

배병욱,김선태,김현영 대전대학교 산업기술연구소 1999 산업기술연구소 論文集 Vol.10 No.1

고탁도 원수의 효율적인 응집을 위해 세 종류의 응집제(Alum, PACl, PACS)를 대상으로 응집실험을 수행하였다. 대청 원수에 카오린을 첨가하여 제조한 고탁도 고알칼리도 인공원수(탁도 510±10 NTU, 알칼리도 33±1 mg/l)의 경우, 무기고분자 응집제가 Alum 보다 우수한 결과를 나타내었으며, UV254는 응집제 종류에 따라 다소 차이가 있지만 57~66 % 정도 제거되었다. 고탁도 중알칼리도 인공원수(탁도 500±10 NTU. 알칼리도 20±2 mg/l)의 경우에는 탁도제거 측면에서 PAC이 가장 효과가 좋았으나, 유기물제거 측면에서는 Alum이 가장 양호한 결과를 보였다. 고탁도 저 알칼리도 인공원수(탁도 520 NTU, 알칼리도 11±1 mg/1)의 경우에는 고알칼리도나 중알칼리도 원수에 비해 잔류탁도가 전반적으로 높았으며, PACS가 Alum이나 PAC보다 높은 Al투입량 구간에서 양호한 잔류탁도를 나타내었다. 강우시 금강 중하류에 위치한 부여정수장 고탁도 중알칼리도 원수(탁도 85±5 NTU, 알칼리도 34mg/l)의 경우에는 잔류탁도가 1 NTU를 상회하였으며, Alum이 가장 우수한 UV254 제거율을 보였다. 결론적으로 기존 정수장에서 고탁도 원수에 대응하기 위해서는 개개 수계별로 존재하는 탁질과 천연유기물의 물리화학적 특성에 가장 적합한 응집제를 선정하는 것이 바람직한 것으로 판단된다. For the better coagulation of high turbidity water which comes to happen during the rainy season, Jar tests were made using three kinds of Al-based coagulants, such as Alum, PACl, and PACl. In case of the synthetic high-turbidity and high-alkalinity water made by adding kaolin into the raw water from the Daechung Reservoir(turbidity 510±10 NTU, alkalinity 33±1 mg/1) , PACl and PACS showed better results than Alum with respect to the residual turbidity and UV254 removal efficiency. In case of the synthetic high-turbidity and medium-alkalinity water(turbidity 500±10 NTU, alkalinity 20±2 mg/l), PACl produced the lowest residual turbidity, but Alum showed the highest removal efficiency of UV254. Comparing to high- and medium-alkalinity water, the low alkalinity water(turbidity 520 NTU, alkalinity 11±1 mg/l) showed higher residual turbidity after Jar tests. In this case, PACS showed lower residual turbidity than Alum and PACl at the higher Al dosage. When the raw water(turbidity 85±5 NTU, alkalinity 34 mg/l) taken from Puyo water treatment plant was coagulated, the residual turbidity was maintained more than 1 NTU and Alum showed the highest UV254 removal rate. In conclusion, in order to cope with the high turbidity water in the conventional water treatment facility, it might be the most important to select the proper coagulant which is appropriate to the physicochemical characteristics of both colloidal particles and natural organic matters present in the specific water supply.

추적자 실험을 이용한 응집/침전지 수리학적 특성의 동시평가

배병욱,김영일,박진호 大田大學校 環境問題硏究所 2002 환경문제연구소 논문집 Vol.6 No.-

추적자 실험은 정수당 단위공정들의 수리학적 특성을 평가하기 위한 방법으로 사용되어 왔으나, 정수장의 각 단위공정들은 규모가 크고 처리 유량이 많아 실험이 용이하지 않고 결과의 해석도 쉽지 않다. 이에 본 연구에서는 실제 정수장 3곳의 응접지와 침전지를 대상으로 동시에 추적자 실험을 수행하는 방법과 결과의 해석기법(index법, Rebhun and Argaman이 제시한 도식해법)에 대해서 소개하였다. 추적자 실험 결과 대부분 정수장의 응집지는 실제 체류시간이 이론적 체류시간과 거의 유사했으나, 침전지의 경우에는 실제 체류시간이 이론적 체류시간에 훨씬 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 침전지 하부의 슬러지와 밀도류에 의한 것으로 판단되며, 이로 인해 플락이 침강하기 전에 웨어로 유출되어 여과지의 지속시간 단축, 역세척시 탁질 누출 등의 여과지에 악영향을 미칠 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 또한, 추적자 실험결과에 의해 동일한 정수장에 위치한 2개의 응집지와 침전지에 유량이 분배되는 특성도 알 수 있었다. 결론적으로 기존의 index법을 이용하여 응집지와 침전지의 수리학적 유체흐름 특성(back mixing, short-circuiting)을 파악할 수 있었으며, Rebhun과 Argaman이 제시한 수학적인 방법을 사용하여 압출형 흐름 분율(p). 완전혼합 흐름 분율(1-p), 그리고 사수부(m) 분율을 정량적으로 제시할 수 있었다. The tracer tests were used to evaluate for hydraulic characteristics of the unit process in water treatment plant(WTP). But, the tracer tests were difficult to analysis of results and to conducted for the test because of large flow and huge scale of unit processes in WTP. In order to introduce simultaneous performance to tracer test and analysis method of results(index method, Rebhun and Argaman method), the three real WTPs(CJ. DS, and DW) which have the flocculation and sedimentation basin were investigated. The actual detention time of flocculation basin in the majority WTPs were almost similar to theoretical detention time. But, that of sedimentation basin were far more short than theoretical detention time. This phenomenon might be due to the volume reduction of sedimentation basin by sludge and density flow (short-circuiting) under the sedimentation basin. Thereby the flocs, which carried over the weir before settle in sedimentation basin, were bad effect for downstream unit process such as filtration according to reduction of filter run time and turbidity breakthrough after filter back wash. According to the result of tracer test and flow distribution characteristics were evaluated between two flocculation and sedimentation basins in WTP. The hydraulic characteristics(back mixing, short-circuiting) of flocculation and sedimentation basin using the conventional index method were evaluated and the plug flow fraction(p), complete flow fraction(1-p), and the extent of dead spaces(m) were quantitatively determined using the mathematical and experimental analyses by Rebhun and Argaman method.

이산화염소의 상수수질 개선효과

배병욱,전향배,임봉수 大田大學校 産業技術硏究所 1995 산업기술연구소 論文集 Vol.1995 No.9

본 연구에서는 이산화염소의 수질개선 효과와 이산화염소 부산물의 성상을 정량적으로 조사하였다. 발생기 이산화염소와 대청용수의 반응실험 결과에 의하면, 이산화염소를 2 mg/l 투입할 경우 반응 6시간후 시료의 TON(threshold odor number)은 100에서 50으로 감소하였으며, 반응 12 시간동안에 약 80%의 chlorophyll-a가 감소하였다. 한편, 청주취수탑 표층수의 DOC(dissolved organic carbon)는 Duozon 투입량 1.5 mg/l에서 14시간 동안 반응시켰을 때, 약 30% 감소하였다. 그러나, Duozon 투입량 3 mg/l까지는 투입량 증가에 따른 DOC 감소가 크지 않았다. In this study, the effect of chlorine dioxide(ClO₂) on the improvement of drinking water quality was investigated. In addition, by-products of chlorine dioxide, such as chlorine, chlorate, and chloride ion, were quantified by using ion chromatography. At chlorine dioxide dosage of 2 mg/l, TON(threshold odor number) of raw water decreased from 100 to 50 after 6 hrs of reaction and about 80% of chlorophyll-a decreased after 12 hrs. On the other hand, DOC(dissolved organic carbon) concentration decreased to 70% of initial value after 14-hr reaction at Duozon dosage of 1.5 mg/l. However, decrease in DOC was not remarkable as increasing Duozone dosage up to 3 mg/l.

팽이 톱밥 人工栽培時 培地微生物相의 經時的인 密度變化

배태웅,文炳周,辛元敎,宋模烈,李鉉旭,曺東進 東亞大學校生命資源科學大學附設 農業資原硏究所 1996 農業生命資援硏究 Vol.5 No.1

팽이 재배에 있어 가장 큰 문제 중의 하나는 雜菌에 대한 汚染, 특히 細菌에 의한 피해가 극심하므로 作業段階와 栽培過程 전반에 걸쳐 培地徵生物相의 經時的인 密度變化에 따른 雜菌의 培地內 流入時期를 조사하여 汚染菌의 發生消長을 알아보기 위해 現地農家에서 시험해 본 결과 接種후 培養室에서 菌絲培養을 시작한 5일후부터 細菌이 檢出되기 시작하여 菌긁기전까지 약 25일간 0.5∼3.1×10⁴cfu/g의 密度를 보였으나 經時的인 密度增加는 없었고, 菌絲培養이 끝난 뒤 菌긁기직후부터 細菌의 密度는 118.3×10⁴cfu/g으로 급격히 높아졌으며 子實體生育 기간동안에 시간이 경과함에 따라 密度가 현저하게 증가되는 경향을 나타냈다. 이는 培養室 안으로 흐르는 空氣를 통하여 甁內로 細菌이 流入되고 또한 菌긁기 직후 培地表面에 灌注하는 물과 加濕機에서 噴霧되는 물粒子가 細菌의 密度增加에 절대적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단되므로 이때가 細菌性褐斑病菌에 感染되기 가장 용이한 시기로 생각된다. 眞菌은 菌긁기후 子實體生育 기간동안 1.17∼7.87×10⁴/g의 密度로서 菌絲培養 기간동안의 密度보다 다소 높게 檢出되었으나 대체로 經時的인 密度增加는 보이지 않았으며, 放線菌은 거의 검출되지 않거나 菌絲培養 후 5일째부터 다소 검출되기 시작했으나 밀도가 매우 낮았고 經時的으로도 증가되지 않았다. One of the most serious problem on the Enoki mushroom cultivation is the infection by pathogenicitic microorganisns, especially bacterial diseases causing serious economical losses in the mushroom production. It was carried out to find the tendency of the development of mushroom diseases by temporal changes and variation of the densities of media microflora through the cultivation periods and working stages in a mushroom farm. According to the results, several bacteria were detected from the fifth day after the inoculation and incubation of mycelium in the incubation room, and the density of bacterium was 0.5∼3.1×10⁴cfu/g media for 25 days before the inoculum-removing, although there was no increment of the density. Since the inoculum-removing after the spawn run, the density of bacterium was rapidly increased as 118.3×10⁴cfu/g media, and was significantly increased by time during the growth period of fruitbodies. It was hypothesized that it is the most suitable period for the pathogen infection because the bacterium might be introduced by the air in the incubation-room, and the increment of bacterium density might be affected by moisture supplied through watering or humidifier in the growing room after the inoculum-removing. Fungi were detected as the density as 1.17∼7.87×10⁴/g media and the density was slightly higher than that during the incubation period of hyphae, although there was no significant increment. Generally, the density of Actinomycetes was disregardfully low, or Actinomycetes were hardly ever found, although there was found some 5 days after incubation hyphae in few cases.

초고층 주상복합 아파트 거주 후 평가에 관한 연구 : S 초고층 아파트 거주자 설문을 통하여

배정익,안병욱,김상민 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.20 No.9

Recently, super high-rise apartments having more than 30 floors have been constructing 10 town. This study investigated residents' preferences and satisfactions focusing on architectural design factors of super high-rise apartment Statistical methods, anova, correspondence analysis and Pearson correspondence analysis were used to find the factors that affect the preference As a result, the following findings were obtained 1) Generally, the residents are satisfied with the living environment of high-rise apartment housing 2) The result shows that the residents prefer in order of "transportation and location", "maintenance", "environmentally friendly plan", "automated equipment", "new concept design", and "economics" 3) Satisfaction level for "daylighting" and "View" is highly influenced by the floor level 4) The "circulation" affects more on the preference of site planning than any other elements 5) The "prevention of noise" affects more on the preference of interior planning than any other elements 6) The "Air-conditioning" affects more on the preference of interior environmental planning than any other elements

하수배제방식이 하수처리 효율에 미치는 영향

김광진,배병욱 大田大學校 環境問題硏究所 2003 환경문제연구소 논문집 Vol.7 No.-

본 연구는 하수배제방식이 하수처리장의 효율에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다 이를 위하여 표준활성 슬러지공법을 이용하여 하수를 처리하는 두 모델처리장을 대상으로 , BOD, COD, SS, T-N, 그리고 T-P의 제거율을 비교하였다. 모델처리장 K1은 합류식 관거로 이송한 하수를 분뇨와 연계하여 처리하고 있으며, K2 처리장은 분류식 관거를 통하여 이송된 하수만을 처리하고 있다. 하수처리장 유입유량은 하절기에 증가하는 경향을 보였고, 유기물과 SS 농도는 봄철에 증가하는 경향을 보였다. K1 처리장의 유입유량과 농도가 K2 처리장에 비해 변화가 심하였는데, 이는 하수배제방식의 차이 때문인 것으로 판단된다. K1 처리장은 설계유량보다 처리량이 더 많았음에도 불구하고 방류수 수질기준을 만족하였는데, 이는 활성슬러지공법이 충분한 안전율로 설계되기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. K2 처리장의 유입유량의 설계유량보다 적어 두 모델처리장의 효율을 정확하게 비교하기 어려웠지만, 분류식 하수관거가 활성슬러지공법의 효율을 향상시키는데 더 유리한 것으로 보인다. The activated sludge process has been the most popular for the treatment of domestic wastewater. In this study, the effect of sewage collection system on the treatment efficiency of wastewater treatment plant (WTP) was investigated. For this purpose, two WTPs operated using the activated sludge process were selected as model plants and the removal efficiency of each contaminant, such as BOD, COD, SS, T-N, and T-P, was compared. Plant K1 treats the domestic wastewater transported through the combined collection system and the nightsoil which is intermittently added into aeration tank. On the other hand. Plant K1 treats only the domestic wastewater transported through the separated collection system. Influent flowrate increased during summer season, but organic content and SS concentration increased during spring. Plant K1 showed higher range of fluctuation with respect to both wastewater quantity and quality compared to plant K2 due to the difference in sewage collection system. Even though Plant K1 treated much more wastewater than the designed capacity, the concentration of effluent from Plant K1 was less than the discharge limit. This is due probably to the safety factor which was taken into consideration when the activated sludge process was designed capacity, it was impossible to compare exactly the efficiencies of two model plants. But, it seems that the separated collection system is more beneficial in improving the efficiency of activated sludge process.