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The thermal decomposition of ammonia borane: A potential hydrogen storage material
Mark Bowden,Tom Autrey,Ian Brown,Martin Ryan 한국물리학회 2008 Current Applied Physics Vol.8 No.3,4
One equivalent of hydrogen gas is evolved from ammonia borane (NH3BH3) when it is heated above 70.C. The initial stages of thisprocess have been examined using TG/DSC, optical microscopy, and high temperature X-ray diraction. Two exothermic events havefringence. The products are believed to be a more mobile form of NH3BH3 and the diammoniate of diborane ([NH3BH2NH 3]+[BH4]. ).These products subsequently react in the second exothermic stage to generate hydrogen.
( Mark P. Bowden ) 한양대학교 경제연구소 2013 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH Vol.18 No.3
The social learning literature shows that when agents learn from the actions of others (in addition to their own private information) herd behaviour can arise. In some cases this may take the form of agents entering into an information cascade. Social learning has the potential to provide insights into many areas involving choice including how people choose their political leaders, join public rallies, purchase stocks or potentially make the decision to engage in criminal activities. In the application of social learning it has been asserted that the underlying assumptions are unrealistic and the characteristics associated with social learning are not robust to a relaxation of these assumptions. This paper reviews the growing literature on social learning in relation to these claims.
Mark P. Bowden 한양대학교 경제연구소 2013 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH Vol.18 No.3
The social learning literature shows that when agents learn from the actions of others (in addition to their own private information) herd behaviour can arise. In some cases this may take the form of agents entering into an information cascade. Social learning has the potential to provide insights into many areas involving choice including how people choose their political leaders, join public rallies, purchase stocks or potentially the decision to engage in criminal activities. In the application of social learning it has been asserted that the underlying assumptions are unrealistic and the characteristics associated with social learning are not robust to a relaxation of these assumptions. This paper reviews the growing literature on social learning in relation to these claims.
Donald W. Bowden 한국유전학회 2011 Genes & Genomics Vol.33 No.1
A major focus of modern human genetics has been the search for genetic variations that contribute to human disease. These studies originated in families and used linkage methods as a primary analytical tool. With continued technical improvements,these family-based linkage studies have been very powerful in identifying genes contributing to monogenic disorders. When these methods were applied to disorders with complex,non-Mendelian patterns of inheritance they largely failed. The development of effective capabilities for Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) relegated family-based studies to a peripheral role in human genetics research. Despite the remarkable record of GWAS discoveries, common variations identified in GWAS account for a limited (frequently less than 10%) proportion of the heritable risk of qualitative traits or variance of quantitative traits. Next generation sequencing is facilitating a re-examination of family-based methods with surprising and intriguing results. We propose that rare variants of large effect underlie many linkage peaks, including complex quantitative phenotypes, and review the issues underlying this proposed basis for complex traits.
Heksch Ryan,Bowden Sasigarn,Hoffman Robert 대한소아내분비학회 2021 Annals of Pediatirc Endocrinology & Metabolism Vol.26 No.1
Purpose: To assess the effect of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) on plasma vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in healthy children and adolescents and to inform future work on the effects of ACTH on VEGF in bone. Methods: An Institutional Review Board-approved prospective study of 10 healthy subjects, ages 9–17, was conducted to assess the effect of ACTH on plasma VEGF levels. VEGF levels were collected at baseline and every 30 minutes for 3 hours. Cosyntropin (a synthetic ACTH analogue) was administered at a low-dose (1 μg) given at t=0 minutes and a high-dose (250 μg) given at t=60 minutes. A Friedman test was performed comparing baseline to peak VEGF levels after stimulation with low-dose and high-dose cosyntropin. Results: Peak plasma VEGF levels significantly increased after high-dose cosyntropin compared with baseline (P=0.042). Peak plasma VEGF levels did not significantly increase after low-dose cosyntropin compared to baseline. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that ACTH administration causes a significant increase in plasma VEGF levels in humans. This finding may have important implications in the protective effects of ACTH on bone. Decreased bone mineral density and adrenal suppression are common side effects of glucocorticoid use in pediatrics. VEGF increases vascularity and may play a role in reducing glucocorticoid-induced bone disease. Animal studies have shown that ACTH stimulates release of VEGF in osteoblasts, though this effect has yet to be evaluated in humans.
Freedman, Barry I,Bowden, Donald W,Ziegler, Julie T,Langefeld, Carl D,Lehtinen, Allison B,Rudock, Megan E,Lenchik, Leon,Hruska, Keith A,Register, Thomas C,Carr, J Jeffrey Mary Ann Liebert, Inc 2009 Journal of bone and mineral research Vol.24 No.10
<P>Inverse relationships have been observed between BMD and vascular calcification (VC), suggesting an underlying metabolic pathway linking these processes. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are potential candidate genes that may mediate this relationship. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the BMP2 gene, 2 SNPs in BMP4, and 16 SNPs in BMP7 were tested for association with measures of VC using CT (coronary and carotid arteries, abdominal aorta), and BMD was measured using DXA (lumbar spine, hip, and distal radius) and quantitative CT (QCT; thoracic and lumbar spine) in 920 European Americans from 374 Diabetes Heart Study families: 762 with type 2 diabetes. Variance components quantitative trait locus association analysis was computed using SOLAR software, and a bivariate principal component analysis (PCA) assessed for genetic relationships between BMD and VC. Association was observed between several measures of BMD and BMP7 rs17404303 (thoracic spine QCT p = 0.03; lumbar spine QCT p = 0.02; hip DXA p = 0.06, dominant models). In addition, 6 of 16 BMP7 SNPs showed significant and opposing effects on the bivariate PCA for VC and BMD (two-sided exact test, p = 0.0143). Polymorphisms in BMP7 are associated with inverse relationships between bone mineralization and VC in the coronary, carotid, and abdominal aorta in a diabetes-enriched cohort of European Americans.</P>
Growth of AlPO4-5 within the pores of anodic alumina
Lilian Campbell,Tim Kemmitt,Mark Bowden,Alex Kirchner 한국물리학회 2008 Current Applied Physics Vol.8 No.3,4
We have conned the growth of crystals of the aluminophosphate AlPO4-5 within the nanochannels of an anodic alumina membrane.c-axis orientation. The degree of crystalalignment has been examined using XRD pole gures, and the relative degree of preferred orientation is over 200 for a typical membrane.Field emission SEM micrographs clearly show the aligned crystals within the pores. The inclusion of luminescent guest molecules withinthe pores of the zeolite has also been achieved. This paper will discuss the synthesis, characterization and potential application of thesemembranes.
Light metal hydrides - Potential hydrogen storage materials
Hayley Woolf,Ian Brown,Mark Bowden 한국물리학회 2008 Current Applied Physics Vol.8 No.3,4
Light metal nitride phases Li3BN2 and Mg 3BN3 have been synthesised as potential hydrogen storage materials. The formation pro-cesses using boron nitride and amorphous boron have been compared, showing that boron extracts nitrogen from the Li3N and Mg 3N2reactant phases and not from the nitrogen gas. This rate limiting solid state reaction is the rst in a three step reaction sequence to formthese ternary nitrides. The sensitivity of the reactions to low levels of impurity oxygen in the ow gas caused us to develop a closed reac-tion system methodology using nickel foil capsules.
Structural and thermal characterisation of nanostructured alumina templates
I.W.M. Brown,M.E. Bowden,T. Kemmitt,K.J.D. MacKenzie 한국물리학회 2006 Current Applied Physics Vol.6 No.3
Nanostructured anodic aluminium oxide materials containing a two dimensional array of high aspect ratio aligned pores of 200 nm.C. Thermal analysis shows two discrete irreversible exothermic eventsat 850.C and 1020 .C. XRD and27Al MAS NMR show the progressive development of local and long range order in the heated struc-tures and indicate a reaction sequence of amorphous Al2O3 ! h-Al2O3 ! a-Al2O3 (corundum). NMR shows the co-existence of alumin-ium in 4, 5 and 6-coordinated sites through most of the heating sequence until the stable (6-coordinated) corundum phase is established.Phosphorus impurities incorporated during the membrane fabrication process crystallise as an AlPO4 phase above 850 .C and play animportant role in directing the chemical, physical and structural outcomes of the heat treatment.