관계유지와 대인 매체 이용

진보래(Borae Jin),김주환(Joohan Kim) 한국HCI학회 2005 한국HCI학회 학술대회 Vol.2005 No.1

드라마 시청은 낭만적 환상을 조장하는가?

진보래(Borae Jin),지혜원(Hye Won Chie) 한국언론학회 2012 한국언론학보 Vol.56 No.5

This study examined the relationship between television drama viewing and romantic fantasy. Based on cultivation theory, this study posited that drama viewing would influence people’s beliefs about romantically idealized relationships. Also, we viewed that parasocial interaction with the stories and characters of drama and perceived reality of drama story would mediate the relationship between drama viewing and romantic fantasy. Survey data from college students were analysed using structural equation modeling. Drama viewing was not significantly related to romantic fantasy. However, drama viewing significantly increased parasocial interaction, which in turn significantly increased romantic fantasy. Although drama viewing was significantly related to perceived realism, perceived realism did not significantly predict romantic fantasy. Thus, parasocial interaction appeared to be an important mediator for cultivation effect of drama viewing on romantic fantasy.

성격특성, 오프라인 활동, 정치성향, 삶의 만족도에 따른 SNS 이용

진보래(Borae Jin),양정애(JungAe Yang) 한국언론학회 2015 한국언론학보 Vol.59 No.5

This study aims to compare SNS(Social Network Service) users and non-users in terms of demographics(gender, age, education, income), personality traits(Big Five), offline activities(social, political), political orientations(interest, ideological orientation, voting behavior), and life satisfaction(self, relationship, ingroup satisfaction). Further, this study categorized SNS users into three groups(Facebook, Twitter, & Kakao Story users) based on usage preferences, and examined how these groups diverged by the predictors presented above. Media Panel data of 2012 and 2013 from Korea Information Society Development Institute(KISDI) were analyzed using a series of logistic regressions. The results indicated that demographic was the most powerful predictor for explaining users from non-users as well as differentiating three user groups one another. Furthermore, SNS users were more likely to be open to experiences, engaged in offline social and political activities, interested in politics, and satisfied with their own ingroups than non-users were. Last, the findings for predicting different user groups show that Twitter users were more conscientious and satisfied with themselves; Facebook users were more engaged in offline social activities as well as more satisfied with relationships with others; surprisingly, Kakao Story users turned out to be more liberal, if other things are equal.

모바일 메신저 이용의 스트레스 요인

진보래(Borae Jin),이연경(Yeonkyung Lee),박남기(Namkee Park) 한국방송학회 2014 한국방송학보 Vol.28 No.6

커뮤니케이션 성향과 소셜 미디어 이용

진보래(Borae Jin),최은진(Eun Jin Choi),염우성(Woo Sung Yeom),이청아(Cheong Ah Lee),이선우(Sun Woo Lee),김솔(Sol Kim),김주환(Joohan Kim) 한국언론학회 2012 한국언론학보 Vol.56 No.3

This study examined how communication competence, relatedness, depression, and smart media efficacy are related to social media (i.e., Facebook and Twitter) use among smart phone users. Data were collected through an online survey (N = 354), and structural equation modeling analysis revealed that communication competence did not directly influence either the amount of Facebook use or Twitter use. Instead, smart media efficacy was mediated the relationship between communication competence and both social media use. Interestingly, Twitter use was significantly predicted by relatedness and depression: The lower relatedness and higher depression were associated with the higher Twitter use. Also, depression was positively related to smart media efficacy. Implications of these results were discussed in terms of the characteristics of Facebook, Twitter, and two different perspectives on mediated communication.

Are Social Network Sites for Networking or Presenting?

Borae Jin(진보래) SBS 2013 미디어경제와 문화 Vol.11 No.4

이 연구는 우리나라 페이스북 사용자들을 대상으로 사용자 자신의 페이스북 활동과 페이스북 친구들의 자신에 대한 활동(댓글이나 말걸기 등), 페이스북의 사회적 네트워킹 유용성에 대한 인식, 그리고 페이스북에 대한 친밀도의 관계를 살펴보았다. 또한 이 변인들 간의 관계에 외로움이 미치는 영향력에 대해서도 조사하였다. 연구 참여자 전체 집단을 대상으로 분석한 결과, 대체로 자신의 활동이 많으면 친구들의 활동도 많고, 유용성도 높으며 친밀도도 높아지는 경향을 보였다. 단, 친구들의 활동이 유용성에 미치는 영향력은 자신의 활동보다 작았고, 친구들의 활동은 페이스북 친밀도에 직접적인 영향력을 갖지는 않았다. 그러나 이러한 관계는 외로움에 따라 달라졌는데, 외로움이 낮은 사람들은 자신의 활동과 친구들의 활동이 비교적 동등하게 유용성 인식에 영향을 준 반면, 외로움이 높은 사람들은 자신의 활동만이 유용성에 유의미한 영향을 끼쳤다. 또한 자신의 활동이 친구들의 활동에 미치는 영향은 외로움이 높은 집단에서 상대적으로 더 약한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 외로운 사람들이 페이스북을 보다 자기중심적이거나 자기표현적인 방식으로 이용하고 있음을 암시한다. The current study investigated the relationships between Facebook users’ own activities, their friends’ responses, perceived usefulness in networking, and affinity feelings toward Facebook. This study also examined how loneliness was related to those variables and moderated the associations of them. Self-activities appeared more important than friends-activities in networking usefulness and affinity. However, the importance varied by loneliness. As for non-lonely people, self- and friends-activities were equally important for networking usefulness. As for lonely people, however, self-activities were strongly related to networking usefulness, while friends-activities were not significantly related to it. In addition, lonely people showed lower levels of self- and friends-activities and usefulness. These results indicate that lonely people use Facebook less sociable yet more self-focusing ways.

인간과 대화형 에이전트 간 관계 형성의 효과 : 챗봇의 칭찬이나 비판에 사용자 친밀감이 미치는 영향

진보래(Borae Jin) 한국HCI학회 2019 한국HCI학회 논문지 Vol.14 No.3

본 연구는 인간과 문자 기반 대화형 에이전트와의 상호작용을 관계적 측면에서 살펴보았다. 대인 커뮤니케이션과 인간관계에 관한 기존 이론에 따르면, 친밀한 관계가 형성되면 상대방의 부정적인 메시지에 대해 너그러울 수도 있고(관계의 완충 효과), 실망하거나 상처받을 수도 있다(기대 위반 효과). 이러한 이론적인 예측에 따라, 본 연구에서는 피험자가 한 에이전트와 상호작용을 통해 관계 형성을 한 후, 같은 또는 다른 에이전트로부터 칭찬을 듣거나 비판을 받는 상황을 만들었다. 구체적으로, 에이전트와 관계 형성 단계를 거친 피험자는 평가받기 단계에서 다음 두변인이 조합된 네 조건 중 하나에 배정되었다: 에이전트 종류(같은/아는 에이전트 또는 다른/모르는 에이전트) × 평가의 종류(비판 또는 칭찬). 피험자는 관계 형성 단계 마지막과 평가받기 단계 마지막에 에이전트 호감도, 상호작용 만족도 및 불만족도, 그리고 감정 척도에 응답하였고, 이 네 척도의 변화량은 집단 내 변인으로 설정되었다. 반복측정 변량분석 결과, 에이전트의 종류는 비판 및 칭찬의 효과와 유의미한 상호작용 효과를 보였다. 비판 조건의 피험자들이 응답한 에이전트 호감도와 상호작용 만족도는 관계 형성 단계에 비해 평가받기 단계 후 전반적으로 낮아졌는데, 아는 에이전트보다 모르는 에이전트인 경우 더욱 낮아졌다. 칭찬 조건에서는 모르는 에이전트인 경우 상호작용 만족도가 낮아졌으나, 아는 에이전트 조건에서는 유의미한 변화가 없었다. 또한, 칭찬 메시지를 아는 에이전트로부터 받은 경우에는 모르는 에이전트에 비해 더 긍정적인 감정을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 인간-에이전트 간 관계에서 에이전트의 칭찬이나 비판에 대해 친밀감의 완충 효과가 발생했음을 암시한다. The present study explored the interaction between humans and conversational agents from relational perspectives. According to theories on interpersonal communication and relationships, evaluative messages from intimate agents, as compared to unknown agents, could be less negative (the buffering effect of relationship) or more negative (the expectancy violation effect) to the human-agent relationships. Using online survey tools, subjects who had interacted with an agent were led to one of four conditions, in which the same or a new agent (agent type) gave negative or positive comments (evaluation type) to subjects. These subjects evaluated the agent, the interaction, and their affect before and after receiving the comments. Results showed that a brief acquaintanceship with agents significantly lessened the negative effects of agents’ criticism. Subjects’ evaluations decreased to a lesser degree when the negative comments were given by the acquaintance agent than the stranger agent. Similarly but to a lesser extent, subjects viewed the known agents’ praise more positively than the unknown agents’ praise. Thus, the buffering effect of relationship was supported in human-agent relationships.

언론인의 자율성, 소진, 그리고 오보 : 자원 보존 이론과 직무 요구-자원 모형의 적용

진보래(Borae Jin) 한국언론학회 2021 한국언론학보 Vol.65 No.6

In this study, I explored the features of news organizations related to journalists’ autonomy, burnout, and misinformation. People try to protect and acquire resources valuable to themselves physically and psychologically, thus in situations when they are losing or about to lose the resources, stress or burnout is likely to occur. Based on the conservation of resources theory and the job demands-resources model, four types of organizational characteristics that may influence journalists’ autonomy and burnout were considered: workload, ads-PR-sales work, ideological differences between journalists and news organizations, and the degree to which the news organization performs journalistic roles. I assumed that, for journalists, excessive workload, pressure on promotional work, and the organization’s ideology are job-demands factors or stressors, but that pride in the social roles of their news organization is a valuable resource. Thus, I hypothesized that the job-demands would reduce journalists’ autonomy and increase their burnout. In addition, how the four organizational factors along with autonomy and burnout are related to journalists’ misinformation was investigated. Using secondary data from journalists (N = 1,956) provided by the Korea Press Foundation, a series of regression analyses were conducted. As expected, the higher the work hours (workload) or the ads-PR-sales work, the lower the journalists’ job autonomy. Also, journalistic role perception increased autonomy, but ideological differences were not related to autonomy. Regarding burnout, as reliability and factor analyses indicated, the three components (emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and reduced efficacy) of burnout were separately analyzed. Work hours significantly increased emotional exhaustion and cynicism, as expected, while interestingly, those who worked more time tended to report higher efficacy in their work. Ads-PR-sales work consistently increased the three factors of burnout. Ideological differences were positively related to emotional exhaustion but neither to cynicism or reduced efficacy. The perception of organization’s journalistic roles was negatively related to cynicism and reduced efficacy but not related to emotional exhaustion. Journalists’ job autonomy was negatively related to the three symptoms of burnout, taking the four organizational features into account. Also, autonomy moderated the relationships between ideological differences and cynicism and between journalistic role perception and reduced efficacy. Finally, those journalists who admitted that they had made incorrect reports within the year tended to work more, including ads-PR-sales work, perceive journalistic roles poorly, and suffer from the reduction of efficacy. With these factors considered, autonomy increased the odds ratio of having incorrect reports. This study showed the consistent negative impact of ads-PR-sales work, while the possibility of pride in organization as valuable workplace resource for journalists. These results generally support the job demands-resources model and the conservation of resources theory and provide implications for journalism studies and practice.

고정관념의 (부)정확성에 대한 탐색: 청년층과 장노년층은 서로의 개인주의와 집단주의를 얼마나 잘 예측하는가?

진보래(Borae Jin) 이화여자대학교 이화사회과학원 2020 사회과학연구논총 Vol.36 No.1

고정관념은 집단 간 차이를 실제와 다르게 또는 과장하여 인식하는 것이다. 본 연구는 나이라는 사회적 범주에 초점을 두고 35세 이하 청년, 55세 이상 장노년 세대에 속한 사람들이 자신이 속한 집단과 상대 집단에 대해 어떻게 생각하는지, 이 생각은 실제와 얼마나 다른지 조사하였다. 세대 간 차이가 날 것이라 예상한 고정관념의 내용은 개인주의와 집단주의였다. 연구 결과, 개인주의는 장노년 응답자의 점수가 청년 응답자의 점수만큼 높아 차이가 없었고, 집단주의는 청년층이 유의미하게 낮았다. 청년층은 자신이 속한 연령 집단을 자신보다는 더 개인주의적이고 덜 집단주의적이라 보았고, 장노년층은 내집단에 대해 자기 자신과 다르지 않으리라 예측했다. 외집단 인식 결과를 보면, 청년 응답자가 예상한 장노년층의 개인주의는 실제보다 낮은 수준이었고, 집단주의에 대한 예측은 비교적 정확하였다. 반면 장노년층은 청년들의 개인주의를 실제와 유사한 수준으로 생각하고 있었으나, 집단주의는 실제보다 낮게 예상하였다. 이러한 차별적 결과에도 불구하고, 세대 간 개인주의와 집단주의 예측 점수의 차이는 실제 점수 차이보다 두 연령 집단 모두에서 유의미하게 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 이 결과를 통해 ‘집단 간 차이의 과장’이라는 고정관념의 특징을 확인할 수 있었다. This study examines how accurately people perceive social groups. Focusing on generation gap, young (20-35 years) and older (55 or older) adults’ individualism and collectivism were examined, and their predictions about individualism and collectivism of their age and other age groups, respectively, were also measured. Older adults were more collectivistic than young adults, but older adults’ individualism was not different from young adults’ individualism. Young respondents generally viewed their age group as more individualistic and less collectivistic than themselves, while older respondents viewed their age group as the same as their own. In terms of accuracy, young people predicted that older people are very low in individualism and high in collectivism, while the former prediction was incorrect and the latter was correct. Older people predicted that young people are as individualistic as themselves, while less collectivistic than themselves. Their prediction about individualism was accurate but not about collectivism. Despite these complex results, both young and older adults’ perceived group differences were larger than the actual group differences, confirming group stereotypes as the exaggeration of group differences.

페이스북 친구들의 반응과 관계적 유용성

진보래(Borae Jin),노현주(Hyun-Joo Noh) 한국콘텐츠학회 2015 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.15 No.7

이 연구는 자기노출(self-disclosure) 성향, 페이스북에서의 자신의 활동 및 친구들의 반응, 그리고 페이스북의 관계적 유용성 간의 관계를 조사하고, 이러한 관계가 성별에 따라 달라지는지 살펴보았다. 온라인 설문을 통해 34세 미만의 젊은 성인들(N = 309)을 대상으로 조사한 결과, 자기노출 성향은 자신의 페이스북 이용 활동에 영향을 미치고, 이는 다시 친구들의 반응과 밀접한 관련이 있었다. 그리고 자신의 활동과 친구들의 반응 정도가 높을수록 페이스북이 인간관계의 유지와 확장에 유용하다고 생각하는 정도도 강해졌다. 그런데 이러한 변인 간 관계는 성별에 따라 달라지는 것으로 나타났다. 자기노출 성향이 자신의 활동에 미치는 영향력은 남성에게서만 유의미하게 나타났고, 자신의 활동이 관계적 유용성에 미치는 영향력 또한 남성에게서 더 강하게 나타났다. 반면, 친구들의 활동이 유용성에 미치는 영향력은 여성에게서 더 강하게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 여성들의 경우 남성들에 비해 페이스북 이용의 관계적인 측면을 평가하는데 있어 친구들의 반응을 보다 중요하게 여긴다는 것을 의미한다. This study examined the associations among self-disclosure tendency, self-activities and friends’ responses on Facebook, and perceived usefulness of Facebook in social networking. Sex differences were also examined. Results showed that participants’ self-disclosure tendency was positively related to their activities in Facebook, which were strongly related to friends-activities. Self- and friends-activities significantly increased usefulness in social networking. Regarding sex differences, the relationships between self-disclosure tendency and self-activities and between self-activities and usefulness were stronger for men, while the relationship between friends-activities and usefulness was stronger for women. These results suggest women tend to value friends’ responses more in assessing relational qualities than men in Facebook contexts.