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( Blasi Barbara ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2012 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.22 No.2
In several biotechnological applications of living bacterial cells with inducible gene expression systems, the extent of overexpression and the specificity to the inducer are key elements. In the present study, we established the concentration ranges of Zn2+, Ni2+, Co2+, AsO2-, and Cd2+ ions that caused significant activation of the respective promoters of Synechocystis sp. without concomitant unspecific stress responses. The low expression levels can be increased up to 10-100-fold upon treatments with Cd2+, AsO2-, Zn2+, and Co2+ ions and up to 800-fold upon Ni2+ treatment. These results facilitate the development of conditional gene expression systems in cyanobacteria.
COSMIC RAY ACCELERATION DURING LARGE SCALE STRUCTURE FORMATION
BLASI PASQUALE The Korean Astronomical Society 2004 Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society Vol.37 No.5
Clusters of galaxies are storage rooms of cosmic rays. They confine the hadronic component of cosmic rays over cosmological time scales due to diffusion, and the electron component due to energy losses. Hadronic cosmic rays can be accelerated during the process of structure formation, because of the supersonic motion of gas in the potential wells created by dark matter. At the shock waves that result from this motion, charged particles can be energized through the first order Fermi process. After discussing the most important evidences for non-thermal phenomena in large scale structures, we describe in some detail the main issues related to the acceleration of particles at these shock waves, emphasizing the possible role of the dynamical backreaction of the accelerated particles on the plasmas involved.
Prevalence of Non-erosive Esophageal Phenotypes in Children: A European Multicenter Study
Elisa Blasi,Ettore Stefanelli,Renato Tambucci,Silvia Salvatore,Paola De Angelis,Paolo Quitadamo,Claudia Pacchiarotti,Giovanni Di Nardo,Fanj Crocco,Valentina Giorgio,Nicoletta Staropoli,Simona Sestito 대한소화기 기능성질환∙운동학회 2023 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.29 No.2
Background/AimsSince available data on pediatric non-erosive esophageal phenotypes (NEEPs) are scant, we investigated their prevalence and the phenotype-dependent treatment response in these children. MethodsOver a 5-year period, children with negative upper endoscopy, who underwent esophageal pH-impedance (off-therapy) for persisting symptoms not responsive to proton pump inhibitor (PPI)-treatment, were recruited. Based on the results of acid reflux index (RI) and symptom association probability (SAP), patients were categorized into: (1) abnormal RI (non-erosive reflux disease [NERD]), (2) normal RI and abnormal SAP (reflux hypersensitivity [RH]), (3) normal RI and normal SAP (functional heartburn [FH]), and (4) normal RI and not-reliable SAP (normal-RI-not otherwise-specified [normal-RI-NOS]). For each subgroup, treatment response was evaluated. ResultsOut of 2333 children who underwent esophageal pH-impedance, 68 cases, including 18 NERD, 14 RH, 26 FH, and 10 normal-RI-NOS were identified as fulfilling the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Considering symptoms before endoscopy, chest pain was more reported in NERD than in other cases (6/18 vs 5/50, P = 0.031). At long-term follow-up of 23 patients (8 NERD, 8 FH, 2 RH, and 5 normal-RI-NOS): 17 were on PPIs and 2 combined alginate, 1 (FH) was on benzodiazepine + anticholinergic, 1 (normal-RI-NOS) on citalopram, and 3 had no therapy. A complete symptom-resolution was observed in 5/8 NERD, in 2/8 FH, and in 2/5 normal-RI-NOS. ConclusionsFH may be the most common pediatric NEEP. At long-term follow-up, there was a trend toward a more frequent complete symptom resolution with PPI-therapy in NERD patients while other groups did not benefit from extended acid-suppressive-treatment.
Poly(lactic acid)/poly(lactic‑co‑glycolic acid)‑based microparticles: an overview
Paolo Blasi 한국약제학회 2019 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.49 No.4
Background Poly(glycolic acid), poly(lactic acid) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) were approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the 1970s as materials for the manufacturing of bioresorbable surgical sutures, but soon became the reference materials for the preparation of sustained release formulations, especially injectable microparticles. Since the 1986 approval of Decapeptyl ® SR, the first product based on PLGA microspheres, more than 15 such products have been approved for clinical use. Area covered This article highlights the key steps that brought to the development of injectable poly(lactic acid)/poly(lacticco- glycolic acid) microparticles for the sustained release of active pharmaceutical ingredients. After a brief history of some pioneering works that opened the field of controlled drug delivery, the key steps that led to the development of these polymers and the approval of the first microparticle-based medicinal products are reviewed. Finally, the general characteristics of these polymers are described and the classical preparation method is explained. Expert opinion Poly(lactic acid)/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microparticles are among the most successful drug delivery systems. The recent approval of new medicinal products based on PLGA microspheres is the proof that pharmaceutical companies have continued to exploit this drug delivery technology. The possible development of generics and the continuous discovery of therapeutic peptides will hopefully further the success of microsphere technology.
Bulgarelli, Chiara,Blasi, Anna,Arridge, Simon,Powell, Samuel,de Klerk, Carina C.J.M.,Southgate, Victoria,Brigadoi, Sabrina,Penny, William,Tak, Sungho,Hamilton, Antonia Elsevier 2018 NeuroImage Vol.175 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Tracking the connectivity of the developing brain from infancy through childhood is an area of increasing research interest, and fNIRS provides an ideal method for studying the infant brain as it is compact, safe and robust to motion. However, data analysis methods for fNIRS are still underdeveloped compared to those available for fMRI. Dynamic causal modelling (DCM) is an advanced connectivity technique developed for fMRI data, that aims to estimate the coupling between brain regions and how this might be modulated by changes in experimental conditions. DCM has recently been applied to adult fNIRS, but not to infants. The present paper provides a proof-of-principle for the application of this method to infant fNIRS data and a demonstration of the robustness of this method using a simultaneously recorded fMRI-fNIRS single case study, thereby allowing the use of this technique in future infant studies.</P> <P>fMRI and fNIRS were simultaneously recorded from a 6-month-old sleeping infant, who was presented with auditory stimuli in a block design. Both fMRI and fNIRS data were preprocessed using SPM, and analysed using a general linear model approach. The main challenges that adapting DCM for fNIRS infant data posed included: (i) the import of the structural image of the participant for spatial pre-processing, (ii) the spatial registration of the optodes on the structural image of the infant, (iii) calculation of an accurate 3-layer segmentation of the structural image, (iv) creation of a high-density mesh as well as (v) the estimation of the NIRS optical sensitivity functions. To assess our results, we compared the values obtained for variational Free Energy (F), Bayesian Model Selection (BMS) and Bayesian Model Average (BMA) with the same set of possible models applied to both the fMRI and fNIRS datasets. We found high correspondence in F, BMS, and BMA between fMRI and fNIRS data, therefore showing for the first time high reliability of DCM applied to infant fNIRS data. This work opens new avenues for future research on effective connectivity in infancy by contributing a data analysis pipeline and guidance for applying DCM to infant fNIRS data.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Connectivity studies give important insights into infant brain development. </LI> <LI> fNIRS is a valuable method for infancy studies, but can we analyse connectivity? </LI> <LI> On fMRI-fNIRS acquired simultaneously, we estimate effective connectivity with DCM. </LI> <LI> We showed high correspondence of DCM values between fMRI and fNIRS data. </LI> <LI> We validated DCM on fNIRS infant data, providing guidance for future projects. </LI> </UL> </P>
In vivo characterization of the integrin b3 as a receptor for Hantaan virus cellular entry
Jin-Won Song,Ki-Joon Song,Luck-Ju Baek,Blasie Frost,Mortimer Poncz,KwangSook Park 생화학분자생물학회 2005 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.37 No.2
Binding of viruses to cel surface molecules is an essential step in viral infection. In vitro studies suggested that the αvβ3 integrin receptor is the epithelial cell receptor for Hantan virus (HTNV). Whether β3 is in vivo the only or central cellular receptor for HTNV infection is not known. To investigate the role of β3 integrin for cellular model in newborn murine pups. Infected pups died at an average age of 14.21.1 days with high levels of viral antigen detected in their brain, lung, and kidney. Pre-injection of blocking mono-clonal antibodies (mAb) specific for either β3 or αv prolonged survival significantly to a maximal average survival of 19.7 1.5 days (P < 0.01) and 18.4 0.9 days (P < 0.01), respectively. XT- 19, a chemical blocker of the αvβ3 receptor also prolonged survival to 19.5 1.3 days (P < 0.01). In contrast to these receptor blockades, anti- HTNV antibody was not only able to prolong survival, but 20% of infected pups achieved long- term survival. An anti-murine β1 antibody compa-ratively prolonged survival (19.0 1.2 days), sugesting that HTNV infection is partly mediated through integrin β1 receptors as wel as through β3 receptors in vivo. Our data demonstrate that the β3 receptor is important for HTNV infection in vivoaditional receptors beyond β3 for celular entry within an organism.
Sex Differences in Severe Asthma: Results From Severe Asthma Network in Italy-SANI
Senna Gianenrico,Latorre Manuela,Bugiani Massimo,Caminati Marco,Heffler Enrico,Morrone Daniela,Paoletti Giovanni,Parronchi Paola,Puggioni Francesca,Blasi Francesco,Canonica Giorgio Walter,Paggiaro Pie 대한천식알레르기학회 2021 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.13 No.2
Purpose: After adolescence, asthma is more frequent in females than in males due to different hormonal, immunologic, and occupational/environmental factors. The higher prevalence and severity of the disease in females have already been reported in international registries. The aim of this study was to explore the difference in terms of clinical, functional, and biological characteristics between male and female patients with severe asthma in a real-life, registry-based setting. Methods: Baseline data from the Severe Asthma Network in Italy registry were analyzed in 1,123 patients with severe asthma, according to sex. Results: Almost 2/3 of severe asthmatics were female. Late-onset asthma, obesity and gastro-esophageal reflux were more frequent in females than in males, while previous smoking habits and nasal polyposis were more frequent in males. Females had poor asthma control and a higher number of severe exacerbations leading to hospitalization, in comparison to males. Biomarkers of type 2 inflammation (blood eosinophil, exhaled nitric oxide, and serum immunoglobulin E levels) were significantly higher in males than in females. The type 2 profile (defined by a combination of these 3 biomarkers) was significantly more frequent in males than in females. In multivariate analysis, late-onset asthma and a normal body mass index were only independent variables associated with the type 2 profile, while male sex and age showed only a trend toward the association with the type 2 profile. Conclusions: Significant differences may be observed between male and female patients with severe asthma, influencing the asthma pheno-endotyping in both sexes.
Cissus erecta (Vitaceae), a new non-viny herbaceous species from Mt. Popa, Myanmar
CHO, SEONG-HYUN,LEE, JUNG-HOON,KANG, DAE-HYUN,KIM, BO-YUN,TRIAS-BLASI, ANNA,HTWE, KHIN MYO,KIM, YOUNG-DONG Magnolia Press 2016 Phytotaxa Vol.260 No.3
<P>Cissus erecta, a new endemic species of Vitaceae from Myanmar, is described and illustrated. The species is similar to C. aubertiana in habit, but it is readily distinguished by its less deeply lobed leaves with serrate margins, persistent stipules, and larger berries. This species is also similar to C. woodrowii in leaf shape, but it is distinguished by having herbaceous habit, leaves with serrate margin, greenish and persistent stipules, compound umbel, and larger globose berries.</P>