Passive Sliding Mode Control Strategy for Y-type Modular Multilevel Converter Topology in the Unbalanced Power Grid

Yue Bing-yan,Cheng Qi-ming,Cheng Yin-man,Lai Yu-sheng 대한전기학회 2023 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.18 No.4

To ensure the robustness of the fractional frequency transmission system (FFTS), the ability of Y-type modular multilevel converters (Y-MMC) to operate under unbalanced operating conditions is essential. The Y-MMC controlled by traditional linear strategy has low robustness, high harmonics, low accuracy, and other disadvantages. In order to solve those problems, a passive sliding mode control strategy is proposed for Y-MMC in this paper. First, design a passivity-based controller based on the Euler–Lagrange (EL) model of Y-MMC, prove its stability using Lyapunov's theorem, combine the passivity-based controller with the sliding mode controller to derive a mathematical expression for the passive sliding mode control so that can enhance the robustness. Then, the modules of control target design, reactive power distribution, and modulation degree allocation are described. Finally, extensive MATLAB/Simulink platform simulation and RT-LAB platform experiments were conducted in different scenarios to verify the feasibility of the proposed method. This strategy improves the power quality indices under non-ideal conditions. It has better advantages than the traditional PI controller and passivity-based control in the accuracy and robustness of power transmission.

明代小说《西洋记》词语拾零

程志兵(Cheng Zhi-Bing) 대구대학교 인문과학연구소 2010 人文科學硏究 Vol.34 No.-

Some special words found in Sanbao Taijian XiYangJi Tongsu Yanyi can not only cover the shortage of many dictionaries nowadays, such as "撮??""骨弄" etc, but also give more meanings to those words covered in dictionaries, such as "不足""?民" etc. Furthermore, these special words can help us correct some wrong definition, such as "中生". In a conclusion, interpreting the special words in Sanbao Taijian XiYangJi Tongsu Yanyi in this paper will replenish Chinese lexical history.

Involvement of Amino Acids Flanking Glu^7.32 of the Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Receptor in the Selectivity of Antagonists

Wang, Cheng bing,Oh, Da young,Maiti, Kaushik,Kwon, Hyuk bang,Cheon, Jun,Hwang, Jong iIk,Seong, Jae young Korean Society for Molecular Biology 2008 Molecules and cells Vol.25 No.1

The Glu/Asp^7.32 residue in extracellular loop 3 of the mammalian type-I gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR) interacts with Arg⁸ of GnRH-I, conferring preferential ligand selectivity for GnRH-I over GnRH-II. Previously, we demonstrated that the residues (Ser and Pro) flanking Glu/Asp^7.32 also play a role in the differential agonist selectivity of mammalian and non-mammalian GnRHRs. In this study, we examined the differential antagonist selectivity of wild type and mutant GnRHRs in which the Ser and Pro residues were changed. Cetrorelix, a GnRH-I antagonist, and Trptorelix-2, a GnRH-II antagonist, exhibited high selectivity for mammalian type-I and non-mammalian GnRHRs, respectively. The inhibitory activities of the antagonists were dependent on agonist concentration and subtype. Rat GnRHR in which the Ser-Glu-Pro (SEP) motif was changed to Pro-Glu-Val (PEV) or Pro-Glu-Ser (PES) had increased sensitivity to Trptorelix-2 but decreased sensitivity to Cetrorelix. Mutant bullfrog GnRHR-1 with the SEP motif had the reverse antagonist selectivity, with reduced sensitivity to Trptorelix-2 but increased sensitivity to Cetrorelix. These findings indicate that the residues flanking Glu^7.32 are important for antagonist as well as agonist selectivity.

Shorter Distance Between the Nodule and Capsule has Greater Risk of Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Wang, Qiu-Cheng,Cheng, Wen,Wen, Xin,Li, Jie-Bing,Jing, Hui,Nie, Chun-Lei Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.2

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between different sonographic features of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) on high-frequency ultrasound and cervical lymph node metastasis (CLNM). Materials and Methods: We enrolled 548 patients who underwent initial surgery for PTC between May 2011 and December 2012 in our hospital at diagnosis. The sonographic features of 513 PTC nodules in 513 eligible patients, who had single PTC nodules in their thyroid glands, were retrospectively investigated. All patients with a suspect malignant nodule (d<0.5cm) among multiple nodules were initially diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) to ascertain if the suspect nodule was PTC. The final diagnosis of all the thyroid nodules and existence of CLNM were based on postoperative pathology. Patients were divided into two groups: a positive group with CLNM (224 nodules) and a negative group without CLNM (289 nodules). The following factors were investigated: gender, age, echogenicity, echotexture, size, shape, location, margin, contour, calcification morphology, distance between the nodule and pre- or post-border of the thyroid capsule, vascularity and the differences between the two groups. Results: Correlation analysis showed that shorter distances between the nodule and pre- or postborder of thyroid capsule resulted in greater risk of CLNM (Spearman correlation coefficient=-0.22, p<0.0001). The significant factors in multivariate analysis were age<45yrs, larger size (d>1cm), "wider than tall" shape, extrathyroid extension and mixed flow (internal and peripheral) (p<0.05, OR=0.406, 2.093, 0.461, 1.610, 1.322). Conclusions: Significant sonographic features of PTC nodules in preoperative high-frequency ultrasound are crucial for predicting CLNM.

Gender-independent efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell therapy in sex hormone-deficient bone loss via immunosuppression and resident stem cell recovery

Bing-Dong Sui,Ji Chen,Xin-Yi Zhang,Tao He,Pan Zhao,Chen-Xi Zheng,Meng Li,Cheng-Hu Hu,Yan Jin 생화학분자생물학회 2018 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.50 No.-

Osteoporosis develops with high prevalence in both postmenopausal women and hypogonadal men. Osteoporosis results in significant morbidity, but no cure has been established. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) critically contribute to bone homeostasis and possess potent immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory capability. Here, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of using an infusion of MSCs to treat sex hormone-deficient bone loss and its underlying mechanisms. In particular, we compared the impacts of MSC cytotherapy in the two genders with the aim of examining potential gender differences. Using the gonadectomy (GNX) model, we confirmed that the osteoporotic phenotypes were substantially consistent between female and male mice. Importantly, systemic MSC transplantation (MSCT) not only rescued trabecular bone loss in GNX mice but also restored cortical bone mass and bone quality. Unexpectedly, no differences were detected between the genders. Furthermore, MSCT demonstrated an equal efficiency in rectifying the bone remodeling balance in both genders of GNX animals, as proven by the comparable recovery of bone formation and parallel normalization of bone resorption. Mechanistically, using green fluorescent protein (GFP)-based cell-tracing, we demonstrated rapid engraftment but poor inhabitation of donor MSCs in the GNX recipient bone marrow of each gender. Alternatively, MSCT uniformly reduced the CD3+T-cell population and suppressed the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines in reversing female and male GNX osteoporosis, which was attributed to the ability of the MSC to induce T-cell apoptosis. Immunosuppression in the microenvironment eventually led to functional recovery of endogenous MSCs, which resulted in restored osteogenesis and normalized behavior to modulate osteoclastogenesis. Collectively, these data revealed recipient sexually monomorphic responses to MSC therapy in gonadal steroid deficiency-induced osteoporosis via immunosuppression/anti-inflammation and resident stem cell recovery.

Effects of dietary mulberry leaves on growth, production performance, gut microbiota, and immunological parameters in poultry and livestock: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Bing Geng,Jinbo Gao,Hongbing Cheng,Guang Guo,Zhaohong Wang Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2024 Animal Bioscience Vol.37 No.6

Objective: This study aimed to assess the effects of dietary mulberry leaves on the growth, production performance, gut microbiota, and immunological parameters of poultry and livestock. Methods: The PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases were systematically analyzed to identify pertinent studies up to December 2022. The effects of mulberry leaf diet was assessed using the weighted mean difference, and the 95% confidence interval was calculated using a random-effects model. Results: In total, 18 studies that sampled 2,335 poultry and livestock were selected for analysis. Mulberry leaves improved the average daily gain and reduced the feed/meat ratio in finishing pigs, and the average daily gain and average daily feed intake in chicken. In production performance, mulberry leaves lowered the half carcass weight, slaughter rate, and loin eye area in pigs, and the slaughter rate in chickens. Regarding meat quality in pigs, mulberry leaves reduced the cooked meat percentage, shear force, crude protein, and crude ash, and increased the 24 h pH and water content. In chickens, it increased the drip loss, shear force, 45 min and 24 h pH, crude protein, and crude ash. Mulberry leaves also affect the abundances of gut microbiota, including Bacteroides, Prevotella, Megamonas, Escherichia-Shigella, Butyricicoccus, unclassified Ruminococcaceae, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Escherichia coli in poultry and livestock. Mulberry leaves at different doses were associated with changes in antioxidant capacity in chickens, and immune organ indexes in pigs. With respect to egg quality, mulberry leaves at different doses improved the shell strength, yolk color, eggshell thickness, and eggshell weight. However, moderate doses diminished the egg yolk ratio and the egg yolk moisture content. Conclusion: In general, dietary mulberry leaves improved the growth, production performance, and immunological parameters in poultry and livestock, although the effects varied at different doses.

Microwave dielectric properties of (1 - x)(Mg0.95Co0.05)TiO3–x(Na0.5La0.5)TiO3 ceramic system

Cheng-Liang Huang,Jhih-Yong Chen,Yen-Hsing Wang,Bing-Jing Li 한국물리학회 2009 Current Applied Physics Vol.9 No.6

The microstructures and the microwave dielectric properties of the (1 - x)(Mg0.95Co0.05)TiO3– x(Na0.5La0.5)TiO3 ceramic system were investigated. Two-phase system was confirmed by the XRD patterns and the EDX analysis. A co-existed second phase (Mg0.95Co0.05)Ti2O5 was also detected. The microwave dielectric properties are strongly related to the density and the matrix of the specimen. A new microwave dielectric material 0.88(Mg0.95Co0.05)TiO3–0.12(Na0.5La0.5)TiO3, possessing an excellent combination of dielectric properties: εr ~22.36, Q × f ~ 110,000 GHz (at 9 GHz), τf ~ 2.9 ppm/℃), is proposed as a candidate dielectric for GPS patch antennas. The microstructures and the microwave dielectric properties of the (1 - x)(Mg0.95Co0.05)TiO3– x(Na0.5La0.5)TiO3 ceramic system were investigated. Two-phase system was confirmed by the XRD patterns and the EDX analysis. A co-existed second phase (Mg0.95Co0.05)Ti2O5 was also detected. The microwave dielectric properties are strongly related to the density and the matrix of the specimen. A new microwave dielectric material 0.88(Mg0.95Co0.05)TiO3–0.12(Na0.5La0.5)TiO3, possessing an excellent combination of dielectric properties: εr ~22.36, Q × f ~ 110,000 GHz (at 9 GHz), τf ~ 2.9 ppm/℃), is proposed as a candidate dielectric for GPS patch antennas.

Investigation of the electrical properties of metal–oxide–metal structures formed from RF magnetron sputtering deposited MgTiO3 films

Cheng-Liang Huang,Sih-Yin Wang,Yuan-Bin Chen,Bing-Jing Li,Ying-Hong Lin 한국물리학회 2012 Current Applied Physics Vol.12 No.3

Thin films of MgTiO3 high-k dielectric have been prepared by RF magnetron sputtering deposition at various substrate temperatures. X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy were used to characterize the deposited films. Experimental results show that substrate temperature has little effect on the stoichinometry. The electrical properties of MgTiO3 metaleinsulatoremetal (MIM) capacitors were investigated at various deposition temperatures, Pt/MgTiO3/Pt/SiO2/n-Si, were studied. It is shown that the MgTiO3 (210 nm) MIM capacitor fabricated at 200 ℃ shows an overall high performance, such as a high capacitance density of w1.2 nF/um2, a low leakage current of 1.51 × 10-9 A/cm2 at 5 V, low-voltage coefficients of capacitance, and good frequency dispersion properties. All of these indicate that the MgTiO3 MIM capacitors are very suitable for use in Si analog circuit application or dynamic random access memory (DRAM) cell. Thin films of MgTiO3 high-k dielectric have been prepared by RF magnetron sputtering deposition at various substrate temperatures. X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy were used to characterize the deposited films. Experimental results show that substrate temperature has little effect on the stoichinometry. The electrical properties of MgTiO3 metaleinsulatoremetal (MIM) capacitors were investigated at various deposition temperatures, Pt/MgTiO3/Pt/SiO2/n-Si, were studied. It is shown that the MgTiO3 (210 nm) MIM capacitor fabricated at 200 ℃ shows an overall high performance, such as a high capacitance density of w1.2 nF/um2, a low leakage current of 1.51 × 10-9 A/cm2 at 5 V, low-voltage coefficients of capacitance, and good frequency dispersion properties. All of these indicate that the MgTiO3 MIM capacitors are very suitable for use in Si analog circuit application or dynamic random access memory (DRAM) cell.

THE HYDRODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF FISH PROPULSION PERFORMANCE AND ITS MORPHOLOGICAL ADAPTATION

Bing Gang Tong,Li Xiang Zhuang,Jian Yu Cheng 대한기계학회 1992 International Conference on Fluid Machinery Vol.1 No.1

Characterization of the composition and gene expression involved the shikimate pathway in the exocarp of ‘Dangshansuli’ pear and its russet mutant

Bing Jia,Zhaoyang Cheng,Qi Wang,Shujun Zhang,Wei Heng,Liwu Zhu 한국원예학회 2021 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.62 No.1

‘Dangshansuli’ pear is a yellow–green fruit when mature, whereas that of the mutant ‘Xiusu’ is russeted. In this study, thecontents of glucose, fructose and sucrose in the exocarp of ‘Xiusu’ were found to be lower than those in ‘Dangshansuli’ at75–100 days after full bloom (DAFB) but were higher at 150 DAFB. Additionally, the contents of six polysaccharides inthe exocarp of ‘Xiusu’ were higher than those in ‘Dangshansuli’ at 75 DAFB, the stage at which ‘Xiusu’ becomes russetin color, as well as at 150 DAFB; however, this was not observed for xylose. The contents of type I and II amino acids inthe exocarp of ‘Xiusu’ were higher than those in ‘Dangshansuli’ at diff erent stages, except for at 150 DAFB. The entiresequences of eight genes involved in the shikimate pathway and cell wall structure were cloned, and expression of thesegenes in the exocarp of ‘Dangshansuli’ and ‘Xiusu’ were signifi cantly diff erent during fruit development, indicating thatthese genes might be involved in the russeting process. It is speculated that the shikimate pathway connects primary andsecondary metabolism and that high contents of sugars as carbon sources provide precursors for suberin, lignin and lignanto generate russet skin in pear.