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ON SOME SUBGROUPS OF D<sup>*</sup> WHICH SATISFY A GENERALIZED GROUP IDENTITY
BIEN, MAI HOANG Korean Mathematical Society 2015 대한수학회보 Vol.52 No.4
Let D be a division ring and w($x_1,\;x_2,\;{\ldots},\;x_m$) be a generalized group monomial over $D^*$. In this paper, we investigate subnormal subgroups and maximal subgroups of $D^*$ which satisfy the identity $w(x_1,\;x_2,\;{\ldots},\;x_m)=1$.
Bi-directional semantic similarity for gene ontology to optimize biological and clinical analyses
Bien, Sang Jay,Park, Chan Hee,Shim, Hae Jin,Yang, Woongcheol,Kim, Jihun,Kim, Ju Han BMJ Group 2012 Journal of the American Medical Informatics Associ Vol.19 No.5
<P><B>Background</B></P><P>Semantic similarity analysis facilitates automated semantic explanations of biological and clinical data annotated by biomedical ontologies. Gene ontology (GO) has become one of the most important biomedical ontologies with a set of controlled vocabularies, providing rich semantic annotations for genes and molecular phenotypes for diseases. Current methods for measuring GO semantic similarities are limited to considering only the ancestor terms while neglecting the descendants. One can find many GO term pairs whose ancestors are identical but whose descendants are very different and vice versa. Moreover, the lower parts of GO trees are full of terms with more specific semantics.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>This study proposed a method of measuring semantic similarities between GO terms using the entire GO tree structure, including both the upper (ancestral) and the lower (descendant) parts. Comprehensive comparison studies were performed with well-known information content-based and graph structure-based semantic similarity measures with protein sequence similarities, gene expression-profile correlations, protein–protein interactions, and biological pathway analyses.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>The proposed bidirectional measure of semantic similarity outperformed other graph-based and information content-based methods.</P>
Bien-Keem Tan,Harvey Chim,Zhi Yang Ng,Kong Wee Ong 대한성형외과학회 2014 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.41 No.4
Background: The advent of skin-sparing mastectomy has allowed for the reconstruction ofthe breast and nipple with improved cosmesis. However, the nipple-areolar complex (NAC) inAsian patients is more pigmented and scars easily. Therefore, commonly described incisionstend to result in poor aesthetic outcomes in Asian patients with breast cancer. Methods: We describe an algorithmic approach to skin-sparing mastectomy incisions inAsian patients on the basis of the location of the biopsy scar and the tumor site and size. Four incision types are described: peri-areolar, a peri-areolar incision with a second distantskin paddle, “racquet handle,” and peri-areolar with adjacent skin excision. Results: 281 immediate breast reconstructions were performed between May 2001 andFebruary 2012 after skin-sparing mastectomy. The mastectomy incisions used included theperi-areolar design (n=124, 44%), peri-areolar design with a second distant skin paddle(n=39, 14%), “racquet handle” (n=21, 7.5%), and peri-areolar design with adjacent skinexcision (n=42, 14%). The traditional elliptical incision and other variants where the NACoutline was not preserved were performed in the remaining 55 patients. The average followupwas 44.7 months during which there was 1 case of total flap loss and 7 cases of partial flapnecrosis; all remaining flaps survived. 24% of the patients (68/281) underwent subsequentnipple reconstruction. Conclusions: Our algorithm avoids breast incisions that are randomly placed or excessivelylong and prevents the unnecessary sacrifice of normal breast skin. This allows skin-sparingmastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction to be performed with a consistentlyachievable aesthetic result in Asian women without neglecting oncological safety.
Subunit Principle of Vulvar Reconstruction: Algorithm and Outcomes
Bien-Keem Tan,Gavin Chun-Wui Kang,Eng Hseon Tay,Yong Chen Por 대한성형외과학회 2014 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.41 No.4
Background: Vulvar defects result chiefly from oncologic resection of vulvar tumors. Reconstructionof vulvar defects restores form and function for the purpose of coitus, micturition,and defecation. Many surgical options exist for vulvar reconstruction. The purpose of thisarticle is to present our experience with vulvar reconstruction. Methods: From 2007 to 2013, 43 women presented to us with vulvar defects for reconstruction. Their mean age at the time of reconstruction was 61.1 years. The most commoncause of vulvar defect was from resection of vulvar carcinoma and extramammary Paget’sdisease of the vulva. Method s of reconstruction ranged from primary closure to skin graftingto the use of pedicled flaps. Results: The main complications were that of long term hypertrophic and/or unaestheticscarring of the donor site in 4 patients. Twenty-two patients (51%) were able to resume sexualintercourse. There were no complications of flap loss, wound dehiscence, and urethral stenosis. Conclusions: We present a subunit algorithmic approach to vulvar reconstruction based ondefect location within the vulva, dimension of the defect, and patient age and comorbidity. The gracilis and gluteal fold flaps are particularly versatile and aesthetically suited for reconstructionof a variety of vulvar defects. From an aesthetic viewpoint the gluteal fold flap wassuperior because of the well-concealed donor scar. We advocate the routine use of these 2flaps for vulvar reconstruction.
Bien Dong Che,Le-Thu T. Nguyen,Bao Quoc Nguyen,Ha Tran Nguyen,Thang Van Le,Nieu Huu Nguyen 한국고분자학회 2014 Macromolecular Research Vol.22 No.11
Radar absorbing materials (RAMs) for practical applications are expected not only to have strong microwaveabsorption and a wide absorption bandwidth, but also to be lightweight, to have a fine thickness and acceptablestructural performance, as well as being cost-effective. Although the dispersion of carbon-nanofillers in polymermatrices is a key factor determining the microwave absorbing properties of the composites, there have few studieson these effects. To our knowledge, to date, the realization of pristine multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/polymercomposites as RAMs in industrial production has been restricted, due to high CNT contents or large composite thicknesses. Thus, in this work, two MWCNT dispersion processing methods, a solution process with surfactant-aid anda ball-milling dispersion, were investigated to fabricate pristine MWCNT/epoxy nanocomposites. The effects of thedifferent dispersion processes, CNT loading, and composite thickness on CNT dispersion in the matrix, were observedby TEM, and the electrical conductivity and X-band absorbing performance of the composites were assessed. Theuse of an ionic surfactant to aid the dispersion of CNTs in solution resulted in the best RAMs, with a good compromiseamong effective X-band absorption, small composite thickness, and very low CNT content. The ball-millingmethod also resulted in materials with a low CNT content and microwave absorbing performance acceptable forindustrial applications. Moreover, it offers a very simple and efficient route suitable for low-cost, mass productionof RAMs. The results showed that by facile approaches of dispersing pristine commercial MWCNTs in an epoxyresin matrix, composites of only 2-3 mm thickness and as little as 0.25-0.5 wt% CNT loading could be obtained,with a relatively wide X-band operating bandwidth and maximum absorptions exceeding 18-25 dB.