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Trade and the Neoclassical Growth Model
Ben-David, Dan,Loewy, Michael B. 세종대학교 국제경제연구소 2003 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.18 No.1
The model developed in this paper expands upon the traditional neoclassical exogenous growth model by facilitating al long-run growth analysis of the impact of openness to trade within a multi-country framework. Openness affects growth by impacting the extent of knowledge spillovers from abroad. This feature effectively converts the traditional closed-economy exogenus growth model into a multi-country, open-economy endogenous growth model. Nevertheless, the conditional convergence and identical growth predictions of the neoclassical model are preserved here with the extent of trade now playing a role in determining the relative heights of the countries' sparallel output paths.
Trade and the Neoclassical Growth Model
( Dan Ben David ),( Michael B. Loewy ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 2003 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.18 No.1
The model developed in this paper expands upon the traditional neoclassical exogenous growth model by facilitating a long-run growth analysis of the impact of openness to trade within a multi-country framework. Openness affects growth by impacting the extent of knowledge spillovers from abroad. This feature effectively converts the traditional closed-economy exogenous growth model into a multi-country, open-economy endogenous growth model. Nevertheless, the conditional convergence and identical growth predictions of the neoclassical model are preserved here with the extent of trade now playing a role in determining the relative heights of the countries` parallel output paths.
New reliability framework for assessment of existing concrete bridge structures
Mahdi Ben Ftima,Bruno Massicotte,David Conciatori 국제구조공학회 2024 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.89 No.4
Assessment of existing concrete bridges is a challenge for owners. It has greater economic impact when compared to designing new bridges. When using conventional linear analyses, judgment of the engineer is required to understand the behavior of redundant structures after the first element in the structural system reaches its ultimate capacity. The alternative is to use a predictive tool such as advanced nonlinear finite element analyses (ANFEA) to assess the overall structural behavior. This paper proposes a new reliability framework for the assessment of existing bridge structures using ANFEA. A general framework defined in previous works, accounting for material uncertainties and concrete model performance, is adapted to the context of the assessment of existing bridges. A “shifted” reliability problem is defined under the assumption of quasi-deterministic dead load effects. The overall exercise is viewed as a progressive pushover analysis up to structural failure, where the actual safety index is compared at each event to a target reliability index.
Natural and Synthetic Coral Biomineralization for Human Bone Revitalization
Green, David W.,Ben-Nissan, Besim,Yoon, Kyung Sik,Milthorpe, Bruce,Jung, Han-Sung Elsevier 2017 Trends in biotechnology Vol.35 No.1
<P>Coral skeletons can regenerate replacement human bone in nonload-bearing excavated skeletal locations. A combination of multiscale, interconnected pores and channels and highly bioactive surface chemistry has established corals as an important alternative to using healthy host bone replacements. Here, we highlight how coral skeletal systems are being remolded into new calcified structures or synthetic corals by biomimetic processes, as places for the organized permeation of bone tissue cells and blood vessels. Progressive technologies in coral aquaculture and self-organization inorganic chemistry are helping to modify natural corals and create synthetic coral architectures able to accelerate bone regeneration with proper host integration at more skeletal locations, adapted to recent surgical techniques and used to treat intrinsic skeletal deformities and metabolic conditions.</P> <P><B>Trends</B></P> <P>Coral organisms secrete a range of zoological-wide bioactive proteins and molecules that permeate the skeleton. Some of these are potentially useful in biomedicine, including limited applications in reconstructive skeletal surgery.</P> <P>Coral polyp organisms can be nurtured within bioreactors on small microchips. These chips can promote the excretion of various human-active proteins and other biomolecules.</P> <P>Certain coralline structures have shown effectiveness as safe and effective drug carriers that deliver their payload on site with graduated dosages; others can be used as bioreactor environments for stem cell expansion and rapid specialization into bone tissues in laboratory cultivation and in patients.</P> <P>Techniques in biomimetic self-organization chemistry are providing the opportunity to grow synthetic coral-like structures and morphologies bearing component structures on many scales.</P>
정만복,안재상,David Whitley,Gil Ben-Shlomo,서강문 한국임상수의학회 2015 한국임상수의학회지 Vol.32 No.1
A 7-month-old intact male Maltese dog was presented with a 1.5-month history of glaucoma in the right eye (OD). Ophthalmic examinations revealed a corneal perforation with iris entrapment, corneal edema and neovascularization, and buphthalmos OD. Intraocular pressures were 33 mmHg OD and 19 mmHg in left eye (OS). The right eye was diagnosed with chronic glaucoma and corneal perforation with iris entrapment. Now that the eye was blind, implantation of intraocular silicone prosthesis (ISP) and conjunctival flap were elected to salvage the globe. The corneal perforation healed with the conjunctival pedicle flap and the cornea accommodated the ISP properly. A satisfactory cosmetic result was achieved without complications in the 15 months following the procedure. Therefore, this case report indicates the combined an ISP and a conjunctival flap would be an alternative for the treatment of glaucoma associated with corneal perforation in dogs.
Assaf Dan,Hazzan David,Ben-Yaacov Almog,Laks Shachar,Zippel Douglas,Segev Lior 대한대장항문학회 2023 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.39 No.2
Purpose: One of the most common ileostomy-related complications is high output stoma (HOS) which causes significant fluids and electrolytes disturbances. We aimed to analyze the incidence, severity, and risk factors for readmission for HOS. Methods: We reviewed all patients who underwent loop ileostomy closure in a single institution between 2010 and 2020. Patients that were readmitted for dehydration due to HOS during the time interval between the creation and the closure of the stoma were identified and divided into a study (HOS) group. The remaining patients constructed the control group. Results: A total of 307 patients were included in this study, out of which, 41 patients were readmitted 73 times (23.7% readmission rate) for the HOS group, and the remaining 266 patients constructed the control group. Multivariate analysis identified; advanced American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status (PS) classification, elevated baseline creatinine, and open surgery as risk factors for HOS. Renal function worsened among the entire cohort between the construction of the stoma to its closure (mean creatinine of 0.82 vs. 0.96, P<0.0001). Conclusion: Loop ileostomy formation is associated with a substantial readmission rate for dehydration as a result of HOS, and increasing the risk for renal impairment during the duration of the diversion. We identified advanced ASA PS classification, open surgery, and elevated baseline creatinine as predictors for HOS.
In situ conversion of porphyrin microbubbles to nanoparticles for multimodality imaging
Huynh, Elizabeth,Leung, Ben Y. C.,Helfield, Brandon L.,Shakiba, Mojdeh,Gandier, Julie-Anne,Jin, Cheng S.,Master, Emma R.,Wilson, Brian C.,Goertz, David E.,Zheng, Gang Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2015 Nature nanotechnology Vol.10 No.4
Converting nanoparticles or monomeric compounds into larger supramolecular structures by endogenous or external stimuli is increasingly popular because these materials are useful for imaging and treating diseases. However, conversion of microstructures to nanostructures is less common. Here, we show the conversion of microbubbles to nanoparticles using low-frequency ultrasound. The microbubble consists of a bacteriochlorophyll–lipid shell around a perfluoropropane gas. The encapsulated gas provides ultrasound imaging contrast and the porphyrins in the shell confer photoacoustic and fluorescent properties. On exposure to ultrasound, the microbubbles burst and form smaller nanoparticles that possess the same optical properties as the original microbubble. We show that this conversion is possible in tumour-bearing mice and could be validated using photoacoustic imaging. With this conversion, our microbubble can potentially be used to bypass the enhanced permeability and retention effect when delivering drugs to tumours.