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Kinetics of the long-range spherical model
Baumann, Florian,Dutta, Sreedhar B,Henkel, Malte The Institute of Physics 2007 JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND THEORETICAL Vol.40 No.27
<P>The kinetic spherical model with long-range interactions is studied after a quench to <I>T</I> < <I>T<SUB>c</SUB></I> or to <I>T</I> = <I>T<SUB>c</SUB></I>. For the two-time response and correlation functions of the order parameter as well as for composite fields such as the energy density, the ageing exponents and the corresponding scaling functions are derived. The results are compared to the predictions which follow from local scale invariance.</P>
Particle loading as a design parameter for composite radiation shielding
Baumann N.,Diaz K. Marquez,Simmons-Potter K.,Potter B.G.,Bucay J. 한국원자력학회 2022 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.54 No.10
An evaluation of the radiation shielding performance of high-Z-particle-loaded polylactic acid (PLA) composite materials was pursued. Specimens were produced via fused deposition modeling (FDM) using copper-PLA, steel-PLA, and BaSO4-PLA composite filaments containing 82.7, 75.2, and 44.6 wt% particulate phase contents, respectively, and were tested under broad-band flash x-ray conditions at the Sandia National Laboratories HERMES III facility. The experimental results for the mass attenuation coefficients of the composites were found to be in good agreement with GEANT4 simulations carried out using the same exposure conditions and an atomistic mixture as a model for the composite materials. Further simulation studies, focusing on the Cu-PLA composite system, were used to explore a shield design parameter space (in this case, defined by Cu-particle loading and shield areal density) to assess performance under both high-energy photon and electron fluxes over an incident energy range of 0.5 e15 MeV. Based on these results, a method is proposed that can assist in the visualization and isolation of shield parameter coordinate sets that optimize performance under targeted radiation characteristics (type, energy). For electron flux shielding, an empirical relationship was found between areal density (AD), electron energy (E), composition and performance. In cases where E AD 2 MeVcmg1 , a shield composed of >85 wt% Cu results in optimal performance. In contrast, a shield composed of <10 wt% Cu is anticipated to perform best against electron irradiation when E AD <2 MeVcmg1 .
The Value of Social Integration in Multicultural Era
Klaus Baumann(클라우스 바우만) 대구가톨릭대학교 다문화연구소 2012 다문화와 인간 Vol.1 No.1
The new Federal President of Germany, Joachim Gauck, gave voice to the current self-understanding of Germany as a democratic state with regard to the social integration of migrants in his swearing-in ceremony (23/03/2012): “Everyone who lives in ‘our country’ should also feel able to feel at home here”. Seizing on statistics taken from official sources, the following article presents Germany as a pluralistic democratic state with - in the meantime - an increasing ethnic heterogeneity. The history of immigration into Germany after 1945 is highlighted as well as the difficulties of politics to deal with the question of migration, migrant workers and their families, and legal access to citizenship. The article especially enters the question: Which have been the sources of democratic values of plurality, of tolerance, and, in consequence, for social integration? The contributions of Greek-Roman philosophies, law, and theories of democracy are summarized, central ideas of European Enlightenment are sketched, and central values of biblical (Jewish-Christian) religion are depicted. All of these sources of values have vitally contributed to democratic values which center around the inviolable dignity of each and all human beings, including each and all foreigners or migrants. Nevertheless, as the final chapter describes, there is still a considerable way ahead towards the realization of these values of social integration in a multicultural country, continent, and era.
Profit Shifting Despite Symmetric Tax Rates? A Note on the Role of Tax Enforcement
Florian Baumann,Tim Friehe 한국국제경제학회 2013 International Economic Journal Vol.27 No.1
This paper analyzes a multinational corporation that may use tax evasion and profit shifting as a means to minimize tax liabilities. Our main finding is that profit shifting may occur even when tax rates are the same across countries. This will be the case whenever there is a tax differential in effective tax rates resulting from differences in tax enforcement. In this context, profit shifting occurs to enable tax evasion in a country where tax enforcement is less harsh. Moreover, for a given differential in tax rates, differences in tax enforcement may either accentuate or dampen profit shifting. Importantly, the predictions regarding the direction of profit shifting that would result in our set-up may contrast sharply with those of the preceding literature.
Echinacea Supplementation: Does it Really Improve Aerobic Fitness?
( Cory W Baumann ),( Dongmin Kwak ) 한국운동영양학회 2016 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.20 No.3
[Purpose] Echinacea is an herbal supplement used by endurance athletes for its performance boosting properties. It is thought that Echinacea improves the blood’s oxygen carrying capacity by increasing production of erythropoietin (EPO), a glycoprotein that regulates red blood cell formation. Subsequently, these changes would lead to an overall improvement in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and running economy (RE), two markers of aerobic fitness. The purpose of this review is to briefly discuss the physiological variables associated with distance running performance and how these variables are influenced by Echinacea supplementation. [Methods] To determine Echinacea’s ergogenic potential, human studies that used Echinacea in conjunction to analyzing the blood’s oxygen carrying capacity and/or aerobic fitness were assessed. [Results] Taken together, the majority of the published literature does not support the claim that Echinacea is a beneficial ergogenic aid. With the exception of one study, several independent groups have reported Echinacea supplementation does not increase EPO production, blood markers of oxygen transport, VO2max or RE in healthy untrained or trained subjects. [Conclusion] To date, the published literature does not support the use of Echinacea as an ergogenic aid to improve aerobic fitness in healthy untrained or trained subjects.