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Bataille, A.,Lee-Cruz, L.,Tripathi, B.,Kim, H.,Waldman, B. Springer Science + Business Media 2016 Microbial ecology Vol.71 No.1
<P>Cutaneous bacteria may play an important role in the resistance of amphibians to the pathogenic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). Microbial communities resident on hosts' skin show topographical diversity mapping to skin features, as demonstrated by studies of the human microbiome. We examined skin microbiomes of wild and captive fire-bellied toads (Bombina orientalis) for differences across their body surface. We found that bacterial communities differed between ventral and dorsal skin. Wild toads showed slightly higher bacterial richness and diversity in the dorsal compared to the ventral region. On the other hand, captive toads hosted a higher richness and diversity of bacteria on their ventral than their dorsal skin. Microbial community composition and relative abundance of major bacterial taxonomic groups also differed between ventral and dorsal skin in all populations. Furthermore, microbiome diversity patterns varied as a function of their Bd infection status in wild toads. Bacterial richness and diversity was greater, and microbial community structure more complex, in wild than captive toads. The results suggest that bacterial community structure is influenced by microhabitats associated with skin regions. These local communities may be differentially modified when interacting with environmental bacteria and Bd. A better understanding of microbiome variation across skin regions will be needed to assess how the skin microbiota affects the abilities of amphibian hosts to resist Bd infection, especially in captive breeding programs.</P>
Population Genetics and Disease Ecology of Mosquito Species in Galapagos
Bataille Arnaud,Andrew A. Cunningham,Simon J. Goodman 한국응용곤충학회 2012 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.05
The introduction of new pathogens and disease vectors has been recognized as a major threat to Galapagos Island biodiversity. Here I focus on mosquito species of the Galapagos archipelago, using population genetic and phylogenetic data to understand their historical and current population dynamics. I show that two mosquito species found in the archipelago have very different historical and contemporary evolutionary histories: one species, Aedes taeniorhynchus, naturally colonized the archipelago 200,000yrs ago and is now found widely in the islands, having adapted and spread to a range of different habitats. It has also changed its feeding-behaviour and now frequently feeds on reptiles in addition to mammals, unlike the continental progenitor populat ions. These properties potentially make Aedes taeniorhynchus a key bridge-vector in the archipelago for any new invading mosquito borne diseases. In contrast, I show that Culex quinquefasciatus, a major vector of diseases such as West Nile virus and avian malaria, has been introduced on multiple occasions since 1985 via human transportation networks and that its distribution and movement in the archipelago depend greatly on human activities. These two species might play an important role in the introduction and spread of new diseases in the Galapagos archipelago.
Susceptibility of amphibians to chytridiomycosis is associated with MHC class II conformation
Bataille, Arnaud,Cashins, Scott D.,Grogan, Laura,Skerratt, Lee F.,Hunter, David,McFadden, Michael,Scheele, Benjamin,Brannelly, Laura A.,Macris, Amy,Harlow, Peter S.,Bell, Sara,Berger, Lee,Waldman, Bru The Royal Society 2015 Proceedings, Biological sciences Vol.282 No.1805
<P>The pathogenic chytrid fungus <I>Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</I> (Bd) can cause precipitous population declines in its amphibian hosts. Responses of individuals to infection vary greatly with the capacity of their immune system to respond to the pathogen. We used a combination of comparative and experimental approaches to identify major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) alleles encoding molecules that foster the survival of Bd-infected amphibians. We found that Bd-resistant amphibians across four continents share common amino acids in three binding pockets of the MHC-II antigen-binding groove. Moreover, strong signals of selection acting on these specific sites were evident among all species co-existing with the pathogen. In the laboratory, we experimentally inoculated Australian tree frogs with Bd to test how each binding pocket conformation influences disease resistance. Only the conformation of MHC-II pocket 9 of surviving subjects matched those of Bd-resistant species. This MHC-II conformation thus may determine amphibian resistance to Bd, although other MHC-II binding pockets also may contribute to resistance. Rescuing amphibian biodiversity will depend on our understanding of amphibian immune defence mechanisms against Bd. The identification of adaptive genetic markers for Bd resistance represents an important step forward towards that goal.</P>
Kosch, Tiffany A.,Bataille, Arnaud,Didinger, Chelsea,Eimes, John A.,Rodrí,guez-Brenes, Sofia,Ryan, Michael J.,Waldman, Bruce The Royal Society 2016 Biology letters Vol.12 No.8
<P> Pathogen-driven selection can favour major histocompatibility complex (MHC) alleles that confer immunological resistance to specific diseases. However, strong directional selection should deplete genetic variation necessary for robust immune function in the absence of balancing selection or challenges presented by other pathogens. We examined selection dynamics at one MHC class II (MHC-II) locus across Panamanian populations of the túngara frog, <I>Physalaemus pustulosus</I> , infected by the amphibian chytrid fungus <I>Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</I> (Bd). We compared MHC-II diversity in highland túngara frog populations, where amphibian communities have experienced declines owing to Bd, with those in the lowland region that have shown no evidence of decline. Highland region frogs had MHC variants that confer resistance to Bd. Variant fixation appeared to occur by directional selection rather than inbreeding, as overall genetic variation persisted in populations. In Bd-infected lowland sites, however, selective advantage may accrue to individuals with only one Bd-resistance allele, which were more frequent. Environmental conditions in lowlands should be less favourable for Bd infection, which may reduce selection for specific Bd resistance in hosts. Our results suggest that MHC selection dynamics fluctuate in túngara frog populations as a function of the favourability of habitat to pathogen spread and the vulnerability of hosts to infection. </P>
N. Audebrand,E. Jeanneau,T. Bataille,D. Louer 한국물리학회 2008 Current Applied Physics Vol.8 No.2
Two families of open-framework materials have been obtained from the assembly of MO8 polyhedra and oxalate groups as buildingblocks. The compounds can be formulated as [MM0(C₂O₄)₄]²- (Mⁿy)²+ (4 + x)H₂O(y is 2 for monovalent M00metals and 1 for divalentM00metals), in which the sum of the valences of the two metals M and M0involved in the anionic framework is six. The water moleculesand counter cations, located in the voids of the structure, lead to zeolitic or cation dynamic properties.
Van Oss, S. Branden,Shirra, Margaret K.,Bataille, Alain R.,Wier, Adam D.,Yen, Kuangyu,Vinayachandran, Vinesh,Byeon, In-Ja L.,Cucinotta, Christine E.,Hé,roux, Annie,Jeon, Jongcheol,Kim, Jaehoon,V Elsevier 2016 Molecular cell Vol.64 No.4
<P><B>Summary</B></P> <P>The five-subunit yeast Paf1 complex (Paf1C) regulates all stages of transcription and is critical for the monoubiquitylation of histone H2B (H2Bub), a modification that broadly influences chromatin structure and eukaryotic transcription. Here, we show that the histone modification domain (HMD) of Paf1C subunit Rtf1 directly interacts with the ubiquitin conjugase Rad6 and stimulates H2Bub independently of transcription. We present the crystal structure of the Rtf1 HMD and use site-specific, in vivo crosslinking to identify a conserved Rad6 interaction surface. Utilizing ChIP-exo analysis, we define the localization patterns of the H2Bub machinery at high resolution and demonstrate the importance of Paf1C in targeting the Rtf1 HMD, and thereby H2Bub, to its appropriate genomic locations. Finally, we observe HMD-dependent stimulation of H2Bub in a transcription-free, reconstituted in vitro system. Taken together, our results argue for an active role for Paf1C in promoting H2Bub and ensuring its proper localization in vivo.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Histone modification domain (HMD) of Rtf1 directly contacts Rad6 in vivo </LI> <LI> HMD structure and in vivo crosslinking identify a conserved Rad6 interaction surface </LI> <LI> Paf1C regulates global H2B ubiquitylation (ub) patterns by linking HMD to Pol II </LI> <LI> HMD stimulates Bre1-dependent H2Bub in a transcription-free, reconstituted assay </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical Abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Recent Asian origin of chytrid fungi causing global amphibian declines
O’Hanlon, Simon J.,Rieux, Adrien,Farrer, Rhys A.,Rosa, Goncalo M.,Waldman, Bruce,Bataille, Arnaud,Kosch, Tiffany A.,Murray, Kris A.,Brankovics, Balá,zs,Fumagalli, Matteo,Martin, Michael D.,Wales American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2018 Science Vol.360 No.6389
<P>Globalized infectious diseases are causing species declines worldwide, but their source often remains elusive. We used whole-genome sequencing to solve the spatiotemporal origins of themost devastating panzootic to date, caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, a proximate driver of global amphibian declines. We traced the source of B. dendrobatidis to the Korean peninsula, where one lineage, BdASIA-1, exhibits the genetic hallmarks of an ancestral population that seeded the panzootic. We date the emergence of this pathogen to the early 20th century, coinciding with the global expansion of commercial trade in amphibians, and we show that intercontinental transmission is ongoing. Our findings point to East Asia as a geographic hotspot for B. dendrobatidis biodiversity and the original source of these lineages that now parasitize amphibians worldwide.</P>
Nabahat Bessadat,Bruno Hamon,Nelly Bataillé-Simoneau,Corentin Chateau,Kihal Mabrouk,Philippe Simoneau 한국식물병리학회 2020 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.36 No.2
A leaf spot pathogen Alternaria sp. was recovered from jimson weed, tomato, parsley, and coriander collected during surveys of blight diseases on Solanaceae and Apiaceae in Algeria. This species produced large conidi- al body generating long apical beaks that tapered grad- ually from a wide base to a narrow tip and short co- nidiophores originating directly from the agar surface. This species exhibited morphological traits similar to that reported for Alternaria crassa. The identification of seven strains from different hosts was confirmed by se- quence analyses at the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate de- hydrogenase, RNA polymerase second largest subunit, and translation elongation factor 1-alpha loci. Further the pathogen was evaluated on jimson weed, coriander, parsley, and tomato plants, and this fungus was able to cause necrotic lesions on all inoculated plants. A. crassa is reported for the first time as a new species of the Al- gerian mycoflora and as a new potential pathogen for cultivated hosts.