엄西玉林地區域鎭體系發展硏究

張寶秀 서강대학 지역발전연구소 1996 지역발전연구 : 서강전문대 Vol.2 No.-

A city is the political, cultural, and economic centre of the region aroud it. A good urban system of a region can promote the development of the whole region. Yulin Prefecture, in the southeast Guangxi Zhuangzu Autonomous Region, is a richly endowed area. The urban system in Yulin Prefecture has been developing naturally for more than 2000 years, but now its some aspects, such as the centural city's scale, the scale structure, the functional division of the cities and towns, etc., are disadvantageous to the economic development of Yulin Prefecture. So the urban system need to be planned in order to promote effectively the regional overall prosperity. It is what this paper studies. The paper is divided into four sections: Ⅰ. Introduction Ⅱ. The Process of the Urban System Development Ⅲ. The Motive Forces of the Urban System Development Ⅳ. Conclusion - The Planning Developmental Direction of the Urban System Development

Association between Polymorphisms of MSTN and MYF5 Genes and Growth Traits in Three Chinese Cattle Breeds

Zhang, R.F.,Chen, H.,Lei, C.Z.,Zhang, C.L.,Lan, X.Y.,Zhang, Y.D.,Zhang, H.J.,Bao, B.,Niu, H.,Wang, X.Z. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2007 Animal Bioscience Vol.20 No.12

The objective of this study was to assess the association of polymorphisms in MSTN and MYF5 genes with growth traits in three Chinese cattle breeds. Only one homozygous animal with BB genotype at MSTN locus was observed in Jiaxian population which was at Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium (p<0.05). The frequencies of allele A at MSTN locus and allele B at MYF5 locus in the three Chinese breeds were 0.9550/0.9730/0.9720 and 0.8275/0.7581/0.7523, respectively. Allele A at MSTN locus and allele B at MYF5 locus were dominant in these three populations. No statistically significant differences in growth traits were observed between the genotypes of the Jiaxian breed at MSTN and MYF5 loci and the Nanyang breed at MYF5 locus. However, there were statistically significant differences between the genotypes at MSTN locus of the Nanyang breed for WH, HG, HGI and HGBLR (p<0.05), and of the Qinchuan breed for BLI (p<0.05). The SNP in MYF5 had significant effects on WH and HHC of Qinchuan animals (p<0.05). These results suggest that MSTN and MYF5 are strong candidate genes that influence growth traits in cattle. Other SNPs of MSTN and MYF5 or other linked genes should also be studied, which could lead to the development of selection plans to improve the performance of Chinese cattle and also promote the breeding of genuine beef cattle in China.

Attenuation of Peripheral Regulatory T-Cell Suppression of Skin-Homing CD8+T Cells in Atopic Dermatitis

Bao-Xiang Zhang,Gang Ding,Jun-Cheng Lyu,Hai-Bo Liu,Dian-Cai Zhang,Dian-Cai Zhang,Xing-Jie Bi,Zhi-Wu Duan 연세대학교의과대학 2015 Yonsei medical journal Vol.56 No.1

Purpose: Cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen (CLA)-expressing CD8+T cells have been known to play an important role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis(AD). However, the mechanisms underlying the loss of self-tolerance remainunclear. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a key role in the development of homeostasisin the immune system. We, therefore, hypothesized that a reduced ability of Tregs to inhibit autologous CD8+CLA+T cells might be underlying mechanism in AD. Materials and Methods: CD8+CLA+T cells and Tregs were obtained from the peripheral blood of AD patients and control volunteers. The frequenciesof CD8+CLA+T cells were evaluated. The proliferative responses of CD8+CLA+T cells were assessed by flow cytometry, and the levels of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in culture supernatants were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Our results revealed higher frequency and increased expression of perforin and granzyme-B in peripheralCD8+CLA+T cells in AD, and lower inhibitory ability of Tregs on proliferation of CD8+CLA+T cells in AD. Meanwhile, the levels of TGF-β1 produced by Tregs were significantly lower in AD, and anti-TGF-β1 abolished such suppression. Conclusion: The attenuated inhibitory ability of Tregs on hyper-activated autologousCD8+CLA+T cells, mediated by TGF-β1, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD.

Effects of confinement on physiological and psychological responses and expression of interleukin 6 and brain derived neurotrophic factor mRNA in primiparous and multiparous weaning sows

Zhang, Mingyue,Li, Xiang,Li, Jianhong,Sun, Hanqing,Zhang, Xiaohui,Bao, Jun Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2017 Animal Bioscience Vol.30 No.9

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate whether the long-lasting, recurrent restricting of sows leads to the physiological and psychological reaction of discomfort. Methods: Sows (Large White) that had experienced restricting for about 0.5 or 3 years and agematched sows kept in a group housing system (loose sows) were compared. Pupillary light reflex parameters were measured at the weaning stage. Immediately after slaughter, blood samples were taken to measure serum cortisol levels, and the brain was dissected, gene expression in the hippo-campus, frontal cortex and hypothalamus was analyzed. Results: The serum cortisol levels were higher in the confined sows than in the loose sows. The full maturity, but not the young adolescent, confined sows had longer latency time in the onset of pupil constriction than their loose counterparts. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses revealed an increased expression of interleukin 6 mRNA in the hippocampus and decreased expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor mRNA in hippocampus and hypothalamus and to a lesser extent in the frontal cortex of the full maturity confined sows, compared with the full maturity loose sows. Conclusion: Taken together, these data indicated that recurrent restricting stress in full maturity sows leads to the physiological and psychological reaction of discomfort.

Mathematical modeling and nonlinear analysis of stiffness of double wishbone independent suspension

Bao Zhang,Zhi Li 대한기계학회 2021 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.35 No.12

Suspension stiffness is a key parameter that affects vehicle ride comfort. Because the stiffness of the double wishbone independent suspension is nonlinear, it is difficult to accurately reflect the elastic characteristics of the suspension by using the traditional linear mathematical models. In this paper, a nonlinear mathematical model of the double wishbone independent suspension was established by using the method of kinematic analysis, the influence of rubber bushing stiffness and torsion bar load on suspension stiffness were analyzed quantitatively. The multibody dynamic model of suspension was established by using Adams software, and the error between simulation and theoretical calculation of the suspension stiffness is 0.19 % to 2.3 %. The suspension bench test was carried out and the error between the test and theoretical calculation of the stiffness is 0.5 % to 4.8 %. The simulation and test results verify that the nonlinear stiffness mathematical model can be used to accurately calculate the dynamic characteristics of suspension stiffness, the results provide theoretical basis and reference for accurate design of suspension stiffness.

Stiffness design and mechanical performance analysis of transverse leaf spring suspension

Bao Zhang,Hongnan Wang,Zhi Li,Tangyun Zhang 대한기계학회 2023 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.37 No.3

Suspension stiffness affects vehicle comfort and handling performance. The stiffness optimization of the transverse leaf spring suspension can be achieved by adjusting the distance between the two central installation positions of the leaf spring. This method can avoid changing the structure of the leaf spring, reduce the difficulty of product development, and shorten the product development cycle, so this type of suspension has high engineering application value. In the paper, a finite element model of the transverse leaf spring is established, and the characteristics of the stiffness, deformation and stress of the leaf spring with the distance are studied. According to the objectives of suspension dynamic deflection, body roll angle and leaf spring reliability, the distance matching design is carried out, and the design scheme is experimentally verified. The research shows that the stiffness of the leaf spring under the opposite direction loading condition is greater than that of the same direction loading condition, and the difference between the two data increases with the increase of the distance. When the distance is 800 mm, the stiffness of the suspension is 102.1 N/mm under the same loading and 220.4 N/mm under reverse loading, the maximum stress is 1487 MPa, the dynamic deflection 39.2 mm, and the maximum body roll angle is less than 6.0°. All of the above indicators meet the design requirements. The research results provide theoretical basis and reference for the design of a transverse leaf spring suspension.

Optimal design of hydraulic support landing platform for a four-rotor dish-shaped UUV using particle swarm optimization

Bao-Shou Zhang,Baowei Song,Jun Jiang,Zhao-Yong Mao 대한조선학회 2016 International Journal of Naval Architecture and Oc Vol.8 No.5

Four-rotor dish-shaped unmanned underwater vehicles (FRDS UUVs) are new type underwater vehicles. The main goal of this paper is to develop a quick method to optimize the design of hydraulic support landing platform for the new UUV. In this paper, the geometry configuration and instability type of the platform are defined. Computational investigations are carried out to study the hydrodynamic performance of the landing platform using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method. Then, the response surface model of the optimization objective is established. The intelligent particle swarm optimization (PSO) is applied to finding the optimal solution. The result demonstrates that the stability of landing platform is significantly improved with the global objective index increasing from 1.045 to 1.158 (10.86% higher) after the optimization process.

Using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify the hub genes related to hypoxic adaptation in yak (Bos grunniens)

Bao Qi,Zhang Xiaolan,Bao Pengjia,Liang Chunnian,Guo Xian,Chu Min,Yan Ping 한국유전학회 2021 Genes & Genomics Vol.43 No.10

Background As a mammal living at the highest altitude in the world, the yak has strong adaptability to the harsh natural environment (such as low temperature, scarce food, especially low oxygen) of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) after a long process of natural selection. Objective Here, we used Weighted Correlation Network Analysis (WGCNA), a systematic biology method, to identify hypoxic adaptation-related modules and hub genes. The research of the adaptability of yak against hypoxia is of great signifcance to identify the genetic characteristics and yak breeding. Methods Based on the transcriptome sequencing data (PRJNA362606), the R package DESeq2 and WGCNA were conducted to analyze diferentially expressed genes (DEGs) and construct the gene co-expression network. The module hub genes were identifed and characterized by the correlation of gene and trait, module membership (kME). In addition, GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were used to explore the functions of hub genes. Results Our results revealed that 1098, 1429, and 1645 DEGs were identifed in muscle, spleen, and lung, respectively. Besides, a total of 13 gene co-expression modules were detected, of which two hypoxic adaptation-related modules (saddlebrown and turquoise) were found. We identifed 39 and 150 hub genes in these two modules. Functional enrichment analyses showed that 12 GO terms and 18 KEGG pathways were enriched in the saddlebrown module while 85 GO terms and 22 KEGG pathways were enriched in the turquoise module. The signifcant pathways related to hypoxia adaptation include FoxO signaling pathway, Thermogenesis pathway, and Retrograde endocannabinoid signaling pathway, etc. Conclusions In this study, we obtained two hypoxia-related specifc modules and identifed hub genes based on the connectivity by constructing a weighted gene co-expression network. Function enrichment analysis of two modules revealed mitochondrion is the most important organelle for hypoxia adaptation. Moreover, the insulin-related pathways and thermogenic-related pathways played a major role. The results of this study provide theoretical guidance for further understanding the molecular mechanism of yak adaptation to hypoxia.

Tissue distribution of sialic acid-linked influenza virus receptors in beagle dogs

Zhang-Yong Ning,Xin-Tao Wu,Yan-Fen Cheng,Wen-Bao Qi,Yu-Fu An,Heng Wang,Gui-Hong Zhang,Shou-Jun Li 대한수의학회 2012 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.13 No.3

Reports of influenza A virus infections in dogs has received considerable attention from veterinarians, virologists, and epidemiologists. Interaction between influenza viral hemagglutinin and cell oligosaccharides containing sialic acid residues results in infection. Sialic acids have an α-2,3-linkage to the penultimate galactose in the avian influenza virus receptor and an α-2,6-linkage in the human receptor. To date,there are no detailed data on the tissue distribution or histological features of either type of sialic acid-linked influenza virus receptors in beagle dogs, which are common laboratory animals and pets. We conducted the current study to visualize the in situ tissue distribution of both sialic acid-linked influenza virus receptors in various organs of beagle dogs using Maackia amurensis lectin II and Sambucus nigra agglutinin. Both α-2,3- and α-2,6-sialic acid-linked receptors were detected in the endothelial cells of the respiratory tract and other organs. Endothelial cells of most gastrointestinal organs were negative for α-2,3-sialic acid-linked receptors in the dogs. Our results suggested that these canine organs may be affected by influenza virus infection. The findings from our study will also help evaluate the occurrence and development of influenza virus infections in dogs.

A Modifi ed Virtual Generator Control for DC Microgrid with Improved Dynamic Characteristics of DC Bus Voltage and Enhanced current Sharing Effect

Zhang Han-Wen,Zhang Qin-Jin,Liu Yan-Cheng,Wang Hong-Lai,Hu Wang-Bao 대한전기학회 2022 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.17 No.6

Traditional virtual DC motor control can suppress the bus voltage fl uctuations caused by load power mutations and distributed generation fl uctuations. However, the dynamic response is poor and the load current sharing cannot be adjusted. Thus, a modifi ed virtual DC generator control strategy is proposed, which combines the average current controller with the virtual DC generator to enhance current sharing eff ect. The adaptive regulation equations of inertia coeffi cient and damping coeffi cient are elaborated simultaneously to improve the system dynamic characteristics. Then the infl uence of key control parameters on system stability is analyzed by establishing the small signal model. Finally, simulations and a StarSim HIL experimental platform of DC microgrid are built. The results show that the proposed method can eff ectively suppress the DC bus voltage fl uctuations and enable them to have a better dynamic response, while realizing the accurate current sharing.