Ternary Nanocomposite for Solar Light Photocatalyic Degradation of Methyl Orange

Kumar, Akash,Billa, Sanjeev,Chaudhary, Swati,Kiran Kumar, A.B.V.,Ramana, Ch.V.V.,Kim, D. Elsevier 2018 Inorganic Chemistry Communications Vol.97 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In the present work, we reported the preparation of ZnO/PANI/RGO ternary nanocomposite by physical blending method and its photocatalytic efficiency of degradation of methyl orange under solar light. The samples were characterized by XRD, FTIR and UV–Vis spectroscopy. Optical band gap was calculated using Tauc plot for ZnO, PANI and RGO. The photocatalytic studies were evaluated using Methyl Orange with a degradation rate of 99% in 50 min. It is observed that photocatalytic efficiency enhanced by PANI (wt%). The PANI has the ability to create more charge carriers and delay the recombination process. The kinetic studies fitted to pseudo first order reaction. The nanocomposite acts as a promising photocatalyst for the removal of organic pollutants from water.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Preparation of ZnO/PANI/RGO ternary nanocomposite by physical blending method. </LI> <LI> Photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange under solar light. </LI> <LI> The kinetic studies fitted to pseudo-first order reaction. </LI> <LI> Methyl Orange degradation rate is 99% in 50 minutes. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>Photocatalytic Mechanism of ZnO/PANI/RGO nanocomposite.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Fast Quadtree Based Normalized Cross Correlation Method for Fractal Video Compression using FFT

Chaudhari, R.E.,Dhok, S.B. The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2016 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.11 No.2

In order to achieve fast computational speed with good visual quality of output video, we propose a frequency domain based new fractal video compression scheme. Normalized cross correlation is used to find the structural self similar domain block for the input range block. To increase the searching speed, cross correlation is implemented in the frequency domain using FFT with one computational operation for all the domain blocks instead of individual block wise calculations. The encoding time is further minimized by applying rotation and reflection DFT properties to the IFFT of zero padded range blocks. The energy of overlap small size domain blocks is pre-computed for the entire reference frame and retaining the energies of the overlapped search window portion of previous adjacent block. Quadtree decompositions are obtained by using domain block motion compensated prediction error as a threshold to control the further partitions of the block. It provides a better level of adaption to the scene contents than fixed block size approach. The result shows that, on average, the proposed method can raise the encoding speed by 48.8 % and 90 % higher than NHEXS and CPM/NCIM algorithms respectively. The compression ratio and PSNR of the proposed method is increased by 15.41 and 0.89 dB higher than that of NHEXS on average. For low bit rate videos, the proposed algorithm achieve the high compression ratio above 120 with more than 31 dB PSNR.

Knickkopf protein protects and organizes chitin in the newly synthesized insect exoskeleton

Chaudhari, S.S.,Arakane, Y.,Specht, C.A.,Moussian, B.,Boyle, D.L.,Park, Y.,Kramer, K.J.,Beeman, R.W.,Muthukrishnan, S. National Academy of Sciences 2011 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.108 No.41

ACE inhibiton activity of standardized extract and fractions of Terminalia bellerica

Chaudhary, Sushil Kumar,Mukherjee, Pulok K.,Nema, Neelesh Kumar,Bhadra, Santanu,Saha, B.P. 경희한의학연구센터 2012 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.12 No.4

The fruit of Terminalia bellerica L. (Combretaceae) is an important ingredient of 'Triphala', which is a popular Ayurvedic formulation traditionally used to treat hypertension, to reduce cardiac depression and to decreases the risk factors associated with the heart. This study aimed to investigate the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of T. bellerica. Standardized hydro alcoholic extract (TBHA) and its various subfractions including hexane fraction (TBH), ethyl acetate fraction (TBE), n-butanol fraction (TBB) and aqueous fraction (TBW) at the concentration of 10-1000 ${\mu}g/ml$ together with standard Captopril 3.6 ng/ml was compared. TBE fraction was undertaken to isolate the gallic acid. Further quantification of gallic acid in the crude extract and fractions was made with HPLC. Among all fractions the activity was found to be maximum in TBE with an $IC_{50}=338.54{\pm}18.34{\mu}g/ml$ while crude TBHA and other fractions TBB, TBH and TBW were found less potent. Isolated gallic acid from the TBE fraction shown ACE inhibitory activity with $IC_{50}$ of $257.29{\pm}9.39{\mu}g/ml$. TBE found to contain maximum amount of gallic acid ($71.05{\pm}6.274$ mg/g of extract). The presence of gallic acid along with other metabolites in the extract and fractions might be responsible for the ACE inhibitory activity. T. bellerica extract/fractions suggested its suitability as a functional food for pharmaceutical purpose to be used against hypertension and other related diseases.

Poly(o-anisidine) coatings on brass: Synthesis, characterization and corrosion protection

Sudeshna Chaudhari,A.B. Gaikwad,P.P. Patil 한국물리학회 2009 Current Applied Physics Vol.9 No.1

Poly(o-anisidine) (POA) coatings were synthesized on brass by electrochemical polymerization of o-anisidine in aqueous salicylate solution by using cyclic voltammetry. These coatings were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, UV–visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The corrosion protection aspects of POA coatings on brass in aqueous 3% NaCl solution were investigated by potentiodynamic polarization technique and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The potentiodynamic polarization measurements show that the POA coating has ability to protect the brass against corrosion. The corrosion potential was about 0.204 V versus SCE more positive for the POA coated brass than that of uncoated brass and reduces the corrosion rate of brass almost by a factor of 800. The corrosion behavior of the POA coatings was also investigated by EIS through immersion tests performed in aqueous 3% NaCl solution. The evolution of the impedance parameters with the immersion time was studied and the results show that the POA acts as a protective coating on brass against corrosion in 3% NaCl solution. The water uptake and delamination area were also determined to further support the corrosion protection performance of the POA coating. Poly(o-anisidine) (POA) coatings were synthesized on brass by electrochemical polymerization of o-anisidine in aqueous salicylate solution by using cyclic voltammetry. These coatings were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, UV–visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The corrosion protection aspects of POA coatings on brass in aqueous 3% NaCl solution were investigated by potentiodynamic polarization technique and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The potentiodynamic polarization measurements show that the POA coating has ability to protect the brass against corrosion. The corrosion potential was about 0.204 V versus SCE more positive for the POA coated brass than that of uncoated brass and reduces the corrosion rate of brass almost by a factor of 800. The corrosion behavior of the POA coatings was also investigated by EIS through immersion tests performed in aqueous 3% NaCl solution. The evolution of the impedance parameters with the immersion time was studied and the results show that the POA acts as a protective coating on brass against corrosion in 3% NaCl solution. The water uptake and delamination area were also determined to further support the corrosion protection performance of the POA coating.

Effect of Feeding Ficus infectoria Leaves on Rumen Microbial Profile and Nutrient Utilization in Goats

Singh, B.,Chaudhary, L.C.,Agarwal, N.,Kamra, D.N. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2011 Animal Bioscience Vol.24 No.6

A feeding trial was conducted to study the effect of tannin rich Pakar (Ficus infectoria) leaves on microbial profile, rumen fermentation and nutrient utilization in goats. Eight goats divided in two groups were fed pakar leaves (experimental group) and green oats (control group) as sole roughage source along with a fixed quantity of concentrate mixture for a period of 3 months. Two metabolic trials of six days duration were conducted after 30 and 90 days of experimental feeding. The dry matter intake was significantly higher (p<0.05) and digestibility's of DM, OM, CP, EE, NDF and ADF were reduced in experimental as compared with the control group. The TDN intake was similar (236.52 vs. 240.39 g/d) in both the groups. All the animals were in positive nitrogen balance. The concentration of ammonia nitrogen, TVFA, lactic acid and activities of xylanase and protease were reduced in pakar leaves fed goats. The rumen microbial profile as obtained by MPN technique showed no change in total bacterial population but total fungi and cellulolytic bacteria were reduced (p<0.05), whereas, tannin degrading/tolerant bacteria increased with the feeding of pakar leaves. Real time PCR data revealed a decrease in Ruminococcus flavefaciens, an increase in methanogens and no change in the Fibrobacter succinogenes population by feeding of pakar leaves.

Effect of graded levels of soapnut (Sapindus mukorossi) shell powder on reproductive performance in broiler breeders

S.K. Chaudhary,A. B. Mandal,R.Bhar,M. Gopi,A. Kannan,S. E. Jadhav,J.J. Rokade 아세아·태평양축산학회 2019 Animal Bioscience Vol.32 No.1

Objective: This study investigated the effects of soapnut (Sapindus mukorossi) shell powder (SSP) on serum hormone level, egg quality, semen characteristics and reproductive performance of broiler breeders fed with a maize-soybean meal based diet. Methods: Ninety six female and twenty four male CARIBRO-VISHAL broiler breeders, 38-week old, were individually caged and randomly allocated to four treatment groups (24 female breeders/treatment and 6 male breeders/treatment): an un-supplemented control (T1) and three groups with 0.0176% SSP (group T2), 0.026% SSP (group T3) and 0.0528% SSP (group T4), to have supplementary saponin at 0, 50, 75, and 150 ppm, respectively, for 42 days. Results: The results indicated that serum (p<0.001) and seminal plasma (p<0.05) testosterone level, semen volume (p<0.001), mass motility (p<0.001), and live spermatozoa count (p<0.001) was increased in groups T3 and T4 compared to T2 and control groups. Compared with control group, total sperm count was increased (p<0.001) and dead spermatozoa count was decreased (p<0.001) in SSP supplemented groups. Supplementation of SSP did not affected the quality of egg lay. Compared with control group, fertility (p<0.01) and hatchability (total eggs set and fertile eggs set) (p<0.001) were significantly improved in SSP supplemented groups with the highest improvement in T3 treatment group. Embryonic death was decreased (p< 0.001) in SSP supplemented groups compared to control; lowest embryonic death was recorded in T3 treatment group. Conclusion: Thus, it was concluded that dietary supplementation of 0.026% SSP (saponin equivalent 75 ppm) improved the reproductive performance of broiler breeders.

Enhanced production of nargenicin A1 and creation of a novel derivative using a synthetic biology platform

Dhakal, D.,Chaudhary, A. K.,Yi, J. S.,Pokhrel, A. R.,Shrestha, B.,Parajuli, P.,Shrestha, A.,Yamaguchi, T.,Jung, H. J.,Kim, S. Y. Springer Science + Business Media 2016 Applied microbiology and biotechnology Vol.100 No.23

<P>Nargenicin A1, an antibacterial produced by Nocardia sp. CS682 (KCTC 11297BP), demonstrates effective activity against various Gram-positive bacteria. Hence, we attempted to enhance nargenicin A1 production by utilizing the cumulative effect of synthetic biology, metabolic engineering and statistical media optimization strategies. To facilitate the modular assembly of multiple genes for genetic engineering in Nocardia sp. CS682, we constructed a set of multi-monocistronic vectors, pNV18L1 and pNV18L2 containing hybrid promoter (derived from ermE* and promoter region of neo (r) ), ribosome binding sites (RBS), and restriction sites for cloning, so that each cloned gene was under its own promoter and RBS. The multi-monocistronic vector, pNV18L2 containing transcriptional terminator showed better efficiency in reporter gene assay. Thus, multiple genes involved in the biogenesis of pyrrole moiety (ngnN2, ngnN3, ngnN4, and ngnN5 from Nocardia sp. CS682), glucose utilization (glf and glk from Zymomonas mobilis), and malonyl-CoA synthesis (accA2 and accBE from Streptomyces coelicolor A3 (2)), were cloned in pNV18L2. Further statistical optimization of specific precursors (proline and glucose) and their feeding time led to similar to 84.9 mg/L nargenicin from Nocardia sp. GAP, which is similar to 24-fold higher than Nocardia sp. CS682 (without feeding). Furthermore, pikC from Streptomyces venezuelae was expressed to generate Nocardia sp. PikC. Nargenicin A1 acid was characterized as novel derivative of nargenicin A1 produced from Nocardia sp. PikC by mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. We also performed comparative analysis of the anticancer and antibacterial activities of nargenicin A1 and nargenicin A1 acid, which showed a reduction in antibacterial potential for nargenicin A1 acid. Thus, the development of an efficient synthetic biological platform provided new avenues for enhancing or structurally diversifying nargenicin A1 by means of pathway designing and engineering.</P>

Fast Quadtree Based Normalized Cross Correlation Method for Fractal Video Compression using FFT

R. E. Chaudhari,S. B. Dhok 대한전기학회 2016 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.11 No.2

In order to achieve fast computational speed with good visual quality of output video, we propose a frequency domain based new fractal video compression scheme. Normalized cross correlation is used to find the structural self similar domain block for the input range block. To increase the searching speed, cross correlation is implemented in the frequency domain using FFT with one computational operation for all the domain blocks instead of individual block wise calculations. The encoding time is further minimized by applying rotation and reflection DFT properties to the IFFT of zero padded range blocks. The energy of overlap small size domain blocks is pre-computed for the entire reference frame and retaining the energies of the overlapped search window portion of previous adjacent block. Quadtree decompositions are obtained by using domain block motion compensated prediction error as a threshold to control the further partitions of the block. It provides a better level of adaption to the scene contents than fixed block size approach. The result shows that, on average, the proposed method can raise the encoding speed by 48.8 % and 90 % higher than NHEXS and CPM/NCIM algorithms respectively. The compression ratio and PSNR of the proposed method is increased by 15.41 and 0.89 dB higher than that of NHEXS on average. For low bit rate videos, the proposed algorithm achieve the high compression ratio above 120 with more than 31 dB PSNR.

Karyomorphological Studies on the Genus Spirogyra Link (Conjugales, Chlorophyta) from Korea

Kim, Jee-Hwan,Chaudhary, B.R.,Kim, Young-Hwan,Lee, In-Kyu The Korean Society of Limnology 2009 생태와 환경 Vol.38 No.3

Freshwater green algae are one of the important sources of bioenergy in the future. Spirogyra is a conjugating filamentous zygnematacean green algal genus that is widely distributed worldwide with more than 400 species. Despite its widespread occurrence throughout the world, cytological studies of the genus have been limited. We investigated karyological features and chromosome numbers for seven Korean Spirogyra species. Most of the species examined in the present study showed significant karyological features, inner organization of nucleolus, heavily stainable nucleolar substance and the diffuse-centric nature of chromosomes, typical of the Conjugales. Chromosome number ranged from n=12 in S. varians to n=38 in S. africana. Aberrant cytokinesis resulted in binucleate and tetranucleate cells, which sometimes provide cytological explanation for different morphology and ploidal changes in clonal culture of Spirogyra or even different cells within the same filament. The present chromosome data also substantiates the earlier held assumption that aneuploidy must have been the chief driving force for speciation and evolution of the genus Spirogyra.