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Lee, H.Y.,Marahatta, A.,Bhandary, B.,Kim, H.R.,Chae, H.J. North-Holland ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2016 european journal of pharmacology Vol.777 No.-
<P>Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and associated protein aggregation are closely associated with human diseases, including alterations in hepatic lipid metabolism. Inhibition of ER stress can have a significant effect on the prevention of hepatic dyslipidemia. Here, we studied the role of 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), a chemical chaperone, on ER stress-induced hepatic lipid accumulation. We studied ER stress induction following CCl4 exposure and delineated mechanisms of the CCl4-induced ER stress response in liver tissue from mice. CCl4 affected the formation of disulfide bonds through excessive hyper-oxidation of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI). Increased complex formation between PDI and its client proteins persisted in CCl4-exposed samples. Conversely, 4-PBA inhibited ER stress via secretion of apolipoprotein B and prevention of hepatic lipid accumulation. We also studied the mechanism-based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles and identified the ER stress-related proteins GRP78 and CHOP, along with plasma apolipoprotein B and triglyceride levels, as novel biomarkers of ER stress-induced hepatic lipid accumulation. ER stress and its clinical relevance for therapeutic approaches were well correlated with the activity of the ER stress regulator 4-PBA, which may be a promising drug candidate for the treatment of hepatic lipid accumulation, such as hepatic steatosis. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.</P>
A novel off-grid hybrid power system comprised of solar photovoltaic, wind, and hydro energy sources
Bhandari, B.,Lee, K.T.,Lee, C.S.,Song, C.K.,Maskey, R.K.,Ahn, S.H. Applied Science Publishers 2014 APPLIED ENERGY Vol.133 No.-
Several factors must be considered before adopting a full-phase power generation system based on renewable energy sources. Long-term necessary data (for one year if possible) should be collected before making any decisions concerning implementation of such a systems. To accurately assess the potential of available resources, we measured solar irradiation, wind speed, and ambient temperature at two high-altitude locations in Nepal: the Lama Hotel in Rasuwa District and Thingan in Makawanpur District. Here, we propose two practical, economical hybridization methods for small off-grid systems consisting entirely of renewable energy sources-specifically solar photovoltaic (PV), wind, and micro-hydro sources. One of the methods was tested experimentally, and the results can be applied to help achieve Millennium Development Goal 7: Ensuring environmental sustainability. Hydro, wind, and solar photovoltaic energy are the top renewable energy sources in terms of globally installed capacity. However, no reports have been published about off-grid hybrid systems comprised of all three sources, making this implementation the first of its kind anywhere. This research may be applied as a practical guide for implementing similar systems in various locations. Of the four off-grid PV systems installed by the authors for village electrification in Nepal, one was further hybridized with wind and hydro power sources. This paper presents a novel approach for connecting renewable energy sources to a utility mini-grid.
Numerical Study of Residual Stress-Strain and Fatigue Life of Rolling Contact
B. Bhandari,J. Yang(양진승) 한국트라이볼로지학회 2008 한국트라이볼로지학회 학술대회 Vol.2008 No.11
Subsurface stress distribution is of primary importance for understanding the development of Rolling Contact Fatigue (RCF) and crack growth. Many earlier finite element rolling contact simulation have not produced accurate results of shear strain accumulation because the plasticity models were not designed to do so. In this paper, we studied the residual stresses and progressive shear strain ratcheting for the line rolling contact problems for various P?/k and the Q/P ratios, where P? is the maximum Hertzian pressure, k is the yield stress in shear of the material, Q represents the total tangential forces and P is the total normal load. Simulations are done for ISO 1070 steel which is dominantly used in rails. It has been seen that the ratcheting rate of rolling surface movement rapidly decreases with increasing number of rolling passages (cycles). The analysis focuses only on the driving wheel where Q/P is positive. The result shows that the tangential force plays a considerable role in the surface ratcheting but its influence on the residual stresses is insignificant. The overall residual stresses are mainly determined by the P?/k ratios. Finally this paper summarizes the fatigue life for different P?/k ratios and compares and contrasts their influence on the life of the rolling contact in the fatigue initiation region. In this paper, the effect of various P?/k on the fatigue life are examined and compared.
Effect of twist morphing wing segment on aerodynamic performance of UAV
Rodrigue, H.,Cho, S.,Han, M. W.,Bhandari, B.,Shim, J. E.,Ahn, S. H. Springer Science + Business Media 2016 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.30 No.1
<P>The design space for morphing wings is incredibly broad and allows for a wide range of improvements versus fixed wing aircrafts such that each type of morphing can be useful for different purposes. This work introduces a novel concept for a twist morphing wing segment where only a segment of the wing is actuated which causes a rotation of the tip of the wing while the base segment fixed. The morphing segment consists of a smart soft composite structure made from PDMS and PLA which is actuated by multiple embedded SMA wires. This structure was implemented in a UAV-sized wing and was tested both in still-air conditions and in an open-type wind tunnel to determine the actual impact of this mode of actuation. Results show that this concept can improve the aerodynamic properties of the wing, particularly at low angles of attack.</P>
Su Peter,Stoll Katherine E.,Agarwal Samarth,Maksimov Oleg,Bhattacharya Pijush,Bhandari Harish B.,Wada Kazumi,Kimerling Lionel C.,Agarwal Anuradha 한국물리학회 2022 Current Applied Physics Vol.36 No.-
Oxygen sensitization and incorporation of ternary lead chalcogenide PbSe1-xTex thin films was investigated with two methods: adding oxygen via PbO to the bulk source alloy and post-deposition oxygen annealing. Characterization of the composition, structure, and morphology of these films confirmed that they follow Vegard’s law for lattice parameter, and adding PbO to the source alloy did not impact the lattice parameter. However, adding PbO changed the electrical carrier properties observed in Hall effect measurements without forming any new oxide phase. Conversely, post-deposition annealing increased the lattice parameter due to oxygen incorporation into the lattice via interstitials in samples with appropriate grain boundary orientations. Morphological analysis revealed that PbSe0.8Te0.2 films demonstrated (100) texture, while PbSe0.6Te0.4 films demonstrated (111) texture with resulting grain boundary orientations more favorable to oxygen diffusion and incorporation. This varying oxygen incorporation from PbO source and oxygen annealing methods reveals trends that can lead to improved photodetector performance.
Repair of Bile Duct Injury Experience at TU Teaching Hospital, Nepal
( Dhruba Narayan Sah ),( Yogendra Prasad Singh ),( Pradip Vaidya ),( Paleswan J Lakhey ),( Ramesh Singh Bhandari ),( Prasan B Kansakar ),( Bikal Ghimire ) 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1
Aims: Iatrogenic bile duct injuries (BDI) following cholecystectomy is a substantial problem in the era of laparoscopic advancement in surgical gastroenterology. Early and accurate diagnosis and management involving multidisciplinary team are of paramount importance. Though endoscopic procedures are most frequently used in management of BDI, surgical repair is the necessity especially in cases of complete transection. Aim of the review is to analyze our experience of management of BDI Methods: This is retrospective analysis of all operated cases of BDI Between May 2014 - December 2017. Patients’ clinical details, investigations, operative details, perioperative outcomes and follow-up were recorded. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package of Social Sciences 23 Results: Total of 23 cases of BDI were operated at TUTH over 42 months out of which 87% were female with age range 17-59 years. Majority cases occurred following laparoscopic cholecystectomy (34.8% while conversion from laparoscopic to open in 26.1 %) and 30.4 % following open cholecystectomy. Injury identified mostly in early postoperative period (69.6 %). E3 (60.9%) injury was most common followed by E2 (21.7%). Median time of repair were 90 days (7 weeks- 25 years). Roux-en-Y Hepaticojejunostomy (HJ) done in 20 cases, 2 cases had revised HJ while 1 case had Right hepatectomy and HJ. Median duration of follow-up of 20 months (range, 4-44) revealed excellent outcomes. Conclusions: Roux-en-Y HJ is the most frequent surgical treatment along with control of sepsis and delayed repair after delineating the proper anatomy for better outcomes in hands of experienced hepatobiliary surgeons.