Improvement of maize <i>(Zea mays</i> L.) anther culture responses by algae-derived natural substances

J&auml,ger, K.,Bartó,k, T.,Ö,rdö,g, V.,Barnabá,s, B. Elsevier 2010 South African journal of botany : official journal Vol.76 No.3

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>This is the first report on the beneficial effect of microalgal and cyanobacterial biomass on anther cultures of maize (<I>Zea mays</I> L.). Investigations were made on the cytokinin- and auxin-like activity and content of terrestrial and fresh-water living microalgal and cyanobacterial strains. The influence of media supplemented with biomass from four selected strains on the anther induction, the frequency of microspore-derived embryo-like structures, and regeneration capacity in anther cultures of maize was also studied. The addition of cyanobacterial and microalgal biomass to the induction and regeneration media in concentrations of 1 or 2g/L improved the androgenic response, and was able to reduce the quantity of the synthetic auxin 2,4-dichlorophenoxy-acetic acid (2,4-D) required, or replace it completely.</P>

Current Status and Future Perspectives of Legal Education in Germany

Moritz Bä,lz 경희법학연구소 2009 KHU 글로벌 기업법무 리뷰 Vol.2 No.2

SEED DEVELOPMENT : DEVELOPMENTAL AND METABOLIC REGULATION OF STORAGE COMPOUND SYNTHESIS

Ulrich Wobus,Hans Weber,Ludmilla Borisjuk,Reinhard Panitz,Ute Heim,Peter Buchner,Helmut Bä;umlein,Winfriede Weschke Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research 1994 Proceedings the 2nd Korean-Germany joint symposium Vol.1994 No.-

Association of genetic variation in <i>FTO</i> with risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes with data from 96,551 East and South Asians

Li, H.,Kilpel&auml,inen, T. O.,Liu, C.,Zhu, J.,Liu, Y.,Hu, C.,Yang, Z.,Zhang, W.,Bao, W.,Cha, S.,Wu, Y.,Yang, T.,Sekine, A.,Choi, B. Y.,Yajnik, C. S.,Zhou, D.,Takeuchi, F.,Yamamoto, K.,Chan, J. C.,Man Springer-Verlag 2012 Diabetologia Vol.55 No.4

<P><B>Aims/hypothesis</B></P><P><I>FTO</I> harbours the strongest known obesity-susceptibility locus in Europeans. While there is growing evidence for a role for <I>FTO</I> in obesity risk in Asians, its association with type 2 diabetes, independently of BMI, remains inconsistent. To test whether there is an association of the <I>FTO</I> locus with obesity and type 2 diabetes, we conducted a meta-analysis of 32 populations including 96,551 East and South Asians.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>All studies published on the association between <I>FTO</I>-rs9939609 (or proxy [<I>r</I><SUP>2</SUP> > 0.98]) and BMI, obesity or type 2 diabetes in East or South Asians were invited. Each study group analysed their data according to a standardised analysis plan. Association with type 2 diabetes was also adjusted for BMI. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to pool all effect sizes.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>The <I>FTO</I>-rs9939609 minor allele increased risk of obesity by 1.25-fold/allele (<I>p</I> = 9.0 × 10<SUP>−19</SUP>), overweight by 1.13-fold/allele (<I>p</I> = 1.0 × 10<SUP>−11</SUP>) and type 2 diabetes by 1.15-fold/allele (<I>p</I> = 5.5 × 10<SUP>−8</SUP>). The association with type 2 diabetes was attenuated after adjustment for BMI (OR 1.10-fold/allele, <I>p</I> = 6.6 × 10<SUP>−5</SUP>). The <I>FTO</I>-rs9939609 minor allele increased BMI by 0.26 kg/m<SUP>2</SUP> per allele (<I>p</I> = 2.8 × 10<SUP>−17</SUP>), WHR by 0.003/allele (<I>p</I> = 1.2 × 10<SUP>−6</SUP>), and body fat percentage by 0.31%/allele (<I>p</I> = 0.0005). Associations were similar using dominant models. While the minor allele is less common in East Asians (12–20%) than South Asians (30–33%), the effect of <I>FTO</I> variation on obesity-related traits and type 2 diabetes was similar in the two populations.</P><P><B>Conclusions/interpretation</B></P><P><I>FTO</I> is associated with increased risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes, with effect sizes similar in East and South Asians and similar to those observed in Europeans. Furthermore, <I>FTO</I> is also associated with type 2 diabetes independently of BMI.</P><P><B>Electronic supplementary material</B></P><P>The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00125-011-2370-7) contains peer-reviewed but unedited supplementary material, which is available to authorised users.</P>

Association of breast cancer risk in <i>BRCA1</i> and <i>BRCA2</i> mutation carriers with genetic variants showing differential allelic expression: identification of a modifier of breast cancer risk at locus 11q22.3

Hamdi, Yosr,Soucy, Penny,Kuchenbaeker, Karoline B.,Pastinen, Tomi,Droit, Arnaud,Lemaç,on, Audrey,Adlard, Julian,Aittom&auml,ki, Kristiina,Andrulis, Irene L.,Arason, Adalgeir,Arnold, Norbert,Arun Springer US 2017 Breast cancer research and treatment Vol.161 No.1

<P><B>Purpose</B></P><P><I>Cis</I>-acting regulatory SNPs resulting in differential allelic expression (DAE) may, in part, explain the underlying phenotypic variation associated with many complex diseases. To investigate whether common variants associated with DAE were involved in breast cancer susceptibility among <I>BRCA1</I> and <I>BRCA2</I> mutation carriers, a list of 175 genes was developed based of their involvement in cancer-related pathways.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>Using data from a genome-wide map of SNPs associated with allelic expression, we assessed the association of ~320 SNPs located in the vicinity of these genes with breast and ovarian cancer risks in 15,252 <I>BRCA1</I> and 8211 <I>BRCA2</I> mutation carriers ascertained from 54 studies participating in the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of <I>BRCA1/2</I>.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>We identified a region on 11q22.3 that is significantly associated with breast cancer risk in <I>BRCA1</I> mutation carriers (most significant SNP rs228595 <I>p</I> = 7 × 10<SUP>−6</SUP>). This association was absent in <I>BRCA2</I> carriers (<I>p</I> = 0.57). The 11q22.3 region notably encompasses genes such as <I>ACAT1</I>, <I>NPAT</I>, and <I>ATM</I>. Expression quantitative trait loci associations were observed in both normal breast and tumors across this region, namely for <I>ACAT1</I>, <I>ATM</I>, and other genes. In silico analysis revealed some overlap between top risk-associated SNPs and relevant biological features in mammary cell data, which suggests potential functional significance.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>We identified 11q22.3 as a new modifier locus in <I>BRCA1</I> carriers. Replication in larger studies using estrogen receptor (ER)-negative or triple-negative (i.e., ER-, progesterone receptor-, and HER2-negative) cases could therefore be helpful to confirm the association of this locus with breast cancer risk.</P><P><B>Electronic supplementary material</B></P><P>The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10549-016-4018-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</P>

Bioconjugated lanthanide luminescent helicates as multilabels for lab-on-a-chip detection of cancer biomarkers

Ferná,ndez-Moreira, Vanesa,Song, Bo,Sivagnanam, Venkataragavalu,Chauvin, Anne-Sophie,Vandevyver, Caroline D. B.,Gijs, Martin,Hemmil&auml,, Ilkka,Lehr, Hans-Anton,Bü,nzli, Jean-Claude G. Royal Society of Chemistry 2010 The Analyst Vol.135 No.1

<P>The lanthanide binuclear helicate [Eu<SUB>2</SUB>(L<SUP>C2(CO<SUB>2</SUB>H)</SUP>)<SUB>3</SUB>] is coupled to avidin to yield a luminescent bioconjugate <B>EuB1</B> (<I>Q</I> = 9.3%, <I>τ</I>(<SUP>5</SUP>D<SUB>0</SUB>) = 2.17 ms). MALDI/TOF mass spectrometry confirms the covalent binding of the Eu chelate and UV-visible spectroscopy allows one to determine a luminophore/protein ratio equal to 3.2. Bio-affinity assays involving the recognition of a mucin-like protein expressed on human breast cancer MCF-7 cells by a biotinylated monoclonal antibody 5D10 to which <B>EuB1</B> is attached <I>via</I> avidin-biotin coupling demonstrate that (i) avidin activity is little affected by the coupling reaction and (ii) detection limits obtained by time-resolved (TR) luminescence with <B>EuB1</B> and a commercial Eu-avidin conjugate are one order of magnitude lower than those of an organic conjugate (FITC-streptavidin). In the second part of the paper, conditions for growing MCF-7 cells in 100–200 µm wide microchannels engraved in PDMS are established; we demonstrate that <B>EuB1</B> can be applied as effectively on this lab-on-a-chip device for the detection of tumour-associated antigens as on MCF-7 cells grown in normal culture vials. In order to exploit the versatility of the ligand used for self-assembling [Ln<SUB>2</SUB>(L<SUP>C2(CO<SUB>2</SUB>H)</SUP>)<SUB>3</SUB>] helicates, which sensitizes the luminescence of both Eu<SUP><SMALL>III</SMALL></SUP> and Tb<SUP><SMALL>III</SMALL></SUP> ions, a dual on-chip assay is proposed in which estrogen receptors (ERs) and human epidermal growth factor receptors (Her2/<I>neu</I>) can be simultaneously detected on human breast cancer tissue sections. The Ln helicates are coupled to two secondary antibodies: ERs are visualized by red-emitting <B>EuB4</B> using goat anti-mouse IgG and Her2/<I>neu</I> receptors by green-emitting <B>TbB5</B> using goat anti-rabbit IgG. The fact that the assay is more than 6 times faster and requires 5 times less reactants than conventional immunohistochemical assays provides essential advantages over conventional immunohistochemistry for future clinical biomarker detection.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Lanthanide luminescent bioprobes (LLBs) combined with microfluidics and lab-on-a-chip technology lead to fast dual assays of cancerous tissue biomarkers. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=b922124g'> </P>

The H <small>i</small> environment of counter‐rotating gas hosts: gas accretion from cold gas blobs

Chung, Aeree,Bureau, Martin,van Gorkom, J. H.,Koribalski, Bä,rbel Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2012 Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Vol.422 No.2

<P><B>ABSTRACT</B></P><P>We probe the H <SMALL>i</SMALL> properties and the gas environments of three early‐type barred galaxies harbouring counter‐rotating ionized gas: NGC 128, NGC 3203 and NGC 7332. Each system has one or more optically identified galaxy at a similar or as yet unknown redshift within a 50‐kpc projected radius. Using H <SMALL>i</SMALL> synthesis imaging data, we investigate the hypothesis that the counter‐rotating gas in these galaxies has been accreted from their neighbours. In NGC 128 and NGC 3203, we find 9.6 × 10<SUP>7</SUP> and 2.3 × 10<SUP>8</SUP> M<SUB>⊙</SUB> of H <SMALL>i</SMALL>, respectively, covering almost the entire stellar bodies of dwarf companions that appear physically connected. Both the H <SMALL>i</SMALL> morphology and kinematics are suggestive of tidal interactions. In NGC 7332, we do not find any directly associated H <SMALL>i</SMALL>. Instead, NGC 7339, a neighbour of a comparable size at about 10 kpc, is found with 8.9 × 10<SUP>8</SUP> M<SUB>⊙</SUB> of H <SMALL>i</SMALL> gas. More recently in a single dish observation, however, another group discovered a large H <SMALL>i</SMALL> structure which seems to be an extension of NGC 7339’s H <SMALL>i</SMALL> disc and also covers NGC 7332. All these observations thus suggest that H <SMALL>i</SMALL> gas is being accreted in these three galaxies from their companions, which is likely responsible for the kinematically decoupled gas component present in their central region. In particular, the dynamical friction time‐scales of the nearest neighbours with H <SMALL>i</SMALL> gas of NGC 128 and NGC 3203 are comparable to their orbital time‐scales around the counter‐rotators, several ∼10<SUP>8</SUP> yr, implying that those neighbours will likely soon merge with the primary galaxies, fuelling them with gas. NGC 7332 also appears to be in the merging process with its neighbour through the common H <SMALL>i</SMALL> envelope. Besides, we find some other potential gas donors around NGC 128 and NGC 7332: two H <SMALL>i</SMALL>‐rich galaxies with <IMG src='/wiley-blackwell_img/equation/MNR_20679_mu1.gif' alt ='inline image'/> and 2.5 × 10<SUP>9</SUP> M<SUB>⊙</SUB> at a distance of ≈67 kpc from NGC 128 and two dwarf systems with <I>M</I><SUB>HI</SUB>= 3.9 × 10<SUP>7</SUP> and 7.4 × 10<SUP>7</SUP> M<SUB>⊙</SUB> at ≲100 kpc from NGC 7332. Among the seven H <SMALL>i</SMALL> features identified in this study, three of them are associated with dwarf galaxies, two of which have only been recently identified in a blind survey, while the third one is still not catalogued at optical wavelengths. Considering the incompleteness of existing studies of the faint dwarf galaxy population both in the optical and in H <SMALL>i</SMALL>, accretion from cold gas blobs, presumably gas‐rich dwarfs, is expected to occur even more frequently than what is inferred from such cases that have been observed to date.</P>

Practical sample pretreatment techniques coupled with capillary electrophoresis for real samples in complex matrices

Jarvas, Gabor,Guttman, Andras,Mię,kus, Natalia,Bą,czek, Tomasz,Jeong, Sunkyung,Chung, Doo Soo,P&auml,toprstý,, Vladimir,Masá,r, Mariá,n,Hutta, Milan,Datinská,, Vladim Elsevier 2020 Trends in analytical chemistry Vol.122 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>By coupling a sample pretreatment technique of sample clean up and enrichment power with capillary electrophoresis (CE) of high-performance separation, the task of analyzing trace analytes in a complex matrix such as a biological sample can be carried out successfully with ease. This review aims for providing an overview of strategies to couple sample pretreatment techniques with capillary and related microscale (e.g., microchip) electrophoresis, practically adoptable in an automatic manner, without requiring serious modification of existing instruments to install sophisticated interfaces. In-line sample pretreatment techniques based on liquid phase microextraction performed before sample injection and on-line sample preconcentration techniques performed during or after sample injection are discussed with emphasis on the applicability to samples of high conductivity, commonly encountered for biological samples. An overview of the recent developments in microfluidic immobilized enzymatic microreactors which fit excellently to microchip CE is also given.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Recent advances and major trends in sample pretreatment for capillary electrophoresis are summarized. </LI> <LI> In-line and on-line sample pretreatment techniques are discussed with emphasis on biological samples. </LI> <LI> We provide an overview of strategies to couple sample pretreatment techniques with capillary and microchip electrophoresis. </LI> </UL> </P>

Large-scale outflows in luminous QSOs revisited : The impact of beam smearing on AGN feedback efficiencies

Husemann, B.,Scharw&auml,chter, J.,Bennert, V. N.,Mainieri, V.,Woo, J.-H.,Kakkad, D. Springer-Verlag 2016 Astronomy and astrophysics Vol.594 No.-

The MUSE view of QSO PG 1307+085: an elliptical galaxy on the<i>M</i>_BH–σ_*relation interacting with its group environment

Husemann, B.,Bennert, V. N.,Scharw&auml,chter, J.,Woo, J.-H.,Choudhury, O. S. Oxford University Press 2016 MONTHLY NOTICES- ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY Vol.455 No.2