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Narayanasamy Sivagnaname 한국곤충학회 2009 Entomological Research Vol.39 No.6
Frequency dependent mosquito larval size (II and IV instars) and species selection by the water bug Diplonychus indicus against three mosquito species Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi was studied in the laboratory. The different frequencies used for each species selection were 20:30:50, 30:50:20, 50:20:30, 25:35:40, 35:40:25 and 40:25:35 of fourth instars of the respective three prey species. All nymphal water bugs (I–V instars) selected IV instar mosquito larvae and the mean proportion of late (larger) larvae eaten by the predator instars was significantly higher than the mean proportion of early (smaller) larvae eaten (F= 2.28; P < 0.001). In all six ratios used to determine the frequency dependent mosquito species selection, all the stages of the water bug selected Ae. aegypti over the other two species (F= 452.43; P < 0.001). The mean number of mosquito larvae eaten increased as its density increased based on various ratios of larvae offered. The study indicated that the predatory efficiency of D. indicus was high when Ae. aegypti was offered as prey, suggesting the utility of this mosquito predator in the control of dengue vectors.
Saravana, Periaswamy Sivagnanam,Cho, Yong-Nam,Woo, Hee-Chul,Chun, Byung-Soo Elsevier 2018 JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION Vol.198 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Herein, deep eutectic solvent combined with subcritical water extraction of seaweed polysaccharides were investigated from <I>Saccharina japonica</I>. In this regard, a deep eutectic solvent was added with sufficient amount of water and it was used as an extraction medium. To optimize, a Box–Behnken design was used to study the influences of the temperature (100 °C–150 °C), pressure (10–50 bar), water content (50%–70%), and liquid/solid (L/S) ratio (30–50 mL/g). The optimal conditions were 150 °C, 19.85 bar, and 70% water content, and L/S ratio of 36.81 mL/g showed a high yield of alginate (28.12%) and fucoidan (14.93%). FTIR, TGA, and DSC measurements confirmed that the extracted polysaccharides had the features of alginate and fucoidan. <SUP>1</SUP>H NMR data revealed that extracted alginate had an M/G ratio of 4.5 and η < 1, while monosaccharides of fucoidan had a rich content of fucose. Crude polysaccharides exhibited a moderate antioxidant activity.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> SWE with DES process was employed to extract polysaccharides from brown seaweed. </LI> <LI> Box–Behnken design was used to understand the effect of process variables. </LI> <LI> The best extraction parameters were 150 °C, 19.85 bar, 70% water content and S/L ratio of 36.81 mL/g. </LI> <LI> The structural characterization of crude polysaccharide confirmed the presence of fucoidan and alginate. </LI> <LI> The obtained crude polysaccharides showed a moderate antioxidant activity. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Hydrothermal degradation of seaweed polysaccharide: Characterization and biological activities
Saravana, Periaswamy Sivagnanam,Cho, Yong-Nam,Patil, Maheshkumar Prakash,Cho, Yeon-Jin,Kim, Gun-Do,Park, Yong Beom,Woo, Hee-Chul,Chun, Byung-Soo Elsevier 2018 Food chemistry Vol.268 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Fucoidan is a marine sulfated polysaccharide that possesses various biological activities. To enhance the functional properties of fucoidan, it was depolymerized using a green technique viz. subcritical water treatment (SCW) to produce a low molecular weight fucoidan. In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to study the influence of different influences for instance temperature, pressure, liquid to solid ratio, and agitation speed to depolymerize fucoidan. RSM was used to focus on the antioxidant activity and chemical composition of SCW-treated fucoidan. Further, resulting SCW-treated fucoidan was investigated by UV-Vis, FT-IR, Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), DSC, Elemental analysis, and ESI-MS. Moreover, the optimized SCW-treated fucoidan was checked for cytotoxicity, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and anticoagulant activity compared with the untreated fucoidan. The obtained values displayed that SCW treatment breakdowns polymer chain and so it produces low molecular weight fucoidan. Biological activities were improved as the molecular weight was reduced.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Fucoidan was successfully depolymerized using SCW treatment. </LI> <LI> BBD was used to find the best conditions of antioxidant and chemical composition of fucoidan. </LI> <LI> The best conditions was found to be 214 °C, 40 bar, 60 mL/g, 223 RPM and 5 min. </LI> <LI> Low molecular weight of fucoidan was obtained from SCW treatment. </LI> <LI> The optimized condition showed improved biological activities from native fucoidan. </LI> </UL> </P>
Anti-Diabetic Activity of Eugenia jambolana Seed Kernels on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
S. Subramanian,K. Sivagnanam,K. Ravi 한국식품영양과학회 2004 Journal of medicinal food Vol.7 No.2
The present study evaluated the hypoglycemic activity of different parts of Eugenia jambolana seeds such as whole seed, kernel, and seed coat on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Administration of the ethanolic extract of kernel at a concentration of 100 mg/kg of body weight significantly decreased the levels of blood glucose, blood urea, and cholesterol, increased glucose tolerance and levels of total proteins and liver glycogen, and decreased the activities of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamate pyruvate transaminase in experimental diabetic rats. Whole seed showed a moderate hypoglycemic effect, and seed coat did not show any hypoglycemic effect. The hypoglycemic efficacy was compared with that of glibenclamide, a standard hypoglycemic drug.
Hypoglycemic Effect of Aloe vera Gel on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes in Experimental Rats
S. Subramanian,K. Sivagnanam,K. Ravi,S. Rajasekaran 한국식품영양과학회 2004 Journal of medicinal food Vol.7 No.1
In the present study an attempt has been made to evaluate the presence of hypoglycemic activity in the alco-holic extract of Aloe vera gel. Effects of oral administration of A. veraextract at a concentration of 200 and 300 mg/kg ofbody weight on (a) normal fasted rats, (b) oral glucose-loaded rats, and (c) streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats have beenstudied. A. veraextract maintain the glucose homeostasis by controlling the carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes.
Bounds for domination parameters in circulant graphs
T. Tamizh Chelvam,Sivagnanam Mutharasu 장전수학회 2012 Advanced Studies in Contemporary Mathematics Vol.22 No.4
A circulant graph is a Cayley graph constructed out of a finite cyclic group Γ and a generating set A of Γ. Sharp upper bounds are obtained for the dom-ination number, the total domination number and the connected domination number of circulant graphs and exact values for some of the parameters are determined in certain cases. Further, efficient dominating sets of some classes of circulant graphs are also obtained.