Friction Stir Lap Welding of AZ31B and AA6061 Alloys Using Tin as an Inter-Layer

Anil Bandi,Srinivasa R. Bakshi 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.7

The formation of Mg17Al12and Al3Mg2is inevitable even in solid-state joining of Al and Mg alloys by friction stir welding(FSW). In the present study, the effect of a thin inter-layer of Sn (tin) and FSW parameters (pin length and tool rotationspeed) on the microstructure and strength of friction stir lap welds of 3 mm thick AA6061 Al alloy and AZ31B Mg alloysheets was investigated. A ~ 20 μm thick Sn layer was deposited on AZ31B alloy by displacement plating. The heat generatedduring the welding melted the Sn layer and the rotation action of the tool pushed the molten Sn to the hooks on the advancingside and retreating side. The extent of Mg17Al12and Al3Mg2intermetallic compound formation was reduced with Sninter-layer with limited formation of Mg2Sn. The Sn inter-layer helped improve the lap shear strength at lower tool rotationalspeed (600 RPM) and pin lengths of 3.25 and 3.75 mm compared to joints without Sn inter-layer. Lap welds prepared witha 3.25 mm pin at 600 RPM had a lap shear strength of 245 N/mm which is the highest value reported so far and is 116%higher compared to joints without Sn inter-layer. This was due to elimination of hook at the advancing side and retreatingside and disintegration of intermetallic compounds.

Noble metal-free dual cocatalysts for improved H₂ production from water splitting under solar irradiation

Anil Kumar Reddy Police(Police Anil Kumar Reddy),Sungjun Bae(배성준) 대한환경공학회 2022 대한환경공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2022 No.11

ANION INDUCED BLUE TO PURPLE TRANSITION IN BACTERIORHODOPSIN

Singh, Anil K.,Kapil, Mrunalini M. Korean Society of Photoscience 1996 Journal of Photosciences Vol.3 No.2

Anil K. Singh, Mrunalini M. Kapil, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay - 400076, INDIA Purple membrane (PM, $\lambda$$_{max}$ 570 nm) of H. halobium on treatment with sulphuric acid changes its colour to blue ($\lambda$$_{max}$ 608 nm). The purple chromophore can be regenerated from the blue chromophore by exogeneous addition of anions such as CI$^-$ and HPO$_4^{2-}$. Chloride ion is found to be more effective than the dibasic phosphate ion in regenerating the purple chromophore. Nevertheless, one thing common to the anion regeneration is that both CI$^-$ and HPO$_4^{2-}$ show marked pH effect. At pH 1.0 the efficiency of regeneration of the purple chromophore is greater than at pH 2.0, for the same anion concentration. Fluorescence and circular dichroic studies indicate that the proteins do not undergo drastic changes at the secondary' or tertiary structure level and the native structure is preserved during this transition. However, chromophoric-site interactions between retinal and the apoprotein are affected during this colour transition. A molecular mechanism is advanced for this transition.

Technical feasibility study for power generation from a potential mini hydro site nearby Shoolini University

Pundir, Anil,Kumar, Anil Techno-Press 2014 Advances in energy research Vol.2 No.2

Small Hydro-Power (SHP) is an environmental friendly technology. Usually hydro power generation projects are viewed as constructing large dams and reservoirs but available new research and engineering techniques have helped hydro power generation without large dams and without large reservoirs. In India, there are several water installations, irrigation dams, canals, streams or running rivers not tapped to generate power. In these cases the existing system and facilities can help in generating power with less investment and time. This area is yet unexplored. Harnessing a stream for hydroelectric power is a major undertaking for the energy crises and the global issues to go green. In this technical note a potential site for mini hydro power plant nearby Shoolini University is identified and examined for the economic feasibility.

Semantic Segmentation of Strawberry Gray Mold Disease using Deep UNet

( Anil Bhujel ),( Jayanta Kumar Basak ),( Elanchezhian Arulmozhi ),( Thavisack Sihalath ),( Fawad Khan ),( Byeong Eun Moon ),( Mustafa Jaihuni ),( Deog Hyun Lee ),( Hyeon Tae Kim ) 한국농업기계학회 2020 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.25 No.1

Gray mold is a common disease in strawberry, causing a devastating loss. Therefore, it is very important to identify the gray mold disease as early as possible and check the severity of the disease. The gray mold disease on strawberry plants was produced experimentally in a greenhouse located at Gyeongsang National University. The fungus “Botrytis cinerea” is the causal agent of gray mold disease, which was inoculated in the strawberry plants with three different concentrations (103, 105, and 107 MPN per 50 ml). The images of strawberry leaves infected by the disease were captured by the smartphone and pre-processed. In image pre-processing, removed the background of the image, created a mask of the lesion area of each image, and labeled them. A pair of the original image and its annotated mask were manually prepared and split into training and testing sets. A deep learning convolutional neural network-based UNet model was designed and trained by 45 sets of original and annotated pairs of images using heavy data augmentation. The model was trained for 10 epochs with 1000 steps per epoch, and the training accuracy achieved was 98.92%. Then the model was tested by 10 sets of original and annotated images, which gave the highest pixel accuracy of 98.21%. It was also tested by other segmentation metrics like the intersection of union (iu) and dice accuracy. The model provided the highest iu of 87.91% and dice accuracy of 92.91%. From the results, it can be concluded that the deep learning UNet can successfully segment the gray mold disease that occurred in strawberry, helping to identify the disease severity.

Association between the Gensini Score and Carotid Artery Stenosis

Anil Avci,Serdar Fidan,Mehmet Mustafa Tabakçı,Cuneyt Toprak,Elnur Alizade,Emrah Acar,Emrah Bayam,Muhammet Tellice,Abdurrahman Naser,Ramazan Kargın 대한심장학회 2016 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.46 No.5

Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the extent of coronary artery disease assessed by the Gensini score and/or the SYNTAX score and the significant carotid stenosis in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Subjects and Methods: A total of 225 patients who had carotid doppler ultrasonography prior to CABG were included retrospectively. Significant coronary artery disease was assumed as a lumen diameter stenosis of ≥50% in any of the major epicardial coronary arteries. The severity of carotid stenosis was determined by B-mode and duplex ultrasonography. Clinically significant carotid stenosis was defined as peak systolic velocity greater than 125 cm/s. Results: The mean value of SYNTAX score and Gensini score was highest in patients allocated to significant carotid stenosis (22.98±7.32, p<0.001 and 77.40±32.35, p<0.001, respectively). The other risk factors for significant carotid stenosis were found to be male gender (p=0.029), carotid bruit (p<0.001), diabetes (p=0.021), left main disease (p=0.002), 3-vessel disease (p=0.008), chronic total coronary occlusion (p=0.001), and coronary artery calcification (p=0.001) in univariate analysis. However, only the Gensini score (odds ratio[OR]=1.030, p=0.004), carotid bruit (OR=0.068, p<0.001), and male gender (OR=0.190, p=0.003) were the independent predictors. The Gensini score cut off value predicting significant carotid stenosis was 50.5 with 77% sensitivity (p<0.001). Conclusion: The Gensini score may be used to identify patients at high risk for significant carotid stenosis prior to CABG.

Perspective study of abrasive water jet machining of composites - a review

Anil Kumar Dahiya,Basanta Kumar Bhuyan,Shailendra Kumar 대한기계학회 2022 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.36 No.1

Even though composite materials are prominent amongst the advanced engineering materials, but machining of composites using conventional machining processes is difficult and uneconomical due to their specific properties such as anisotropy and nonhomogenous nature. Abrasive water jet machining (AWJM) is proved to be an efficient and economical process for machining of composites in manufacturing industries. In this paper, the published literature during the last three decades (1991-2020) in the domain of AWJM of composites is reviewed. It elucidates the influence of process parameters on response characteristics of AWJM with key outcomes of different responses and examines the morphology of the machined specimens. Various modelling and optimization methods for the identifications of machining parameters of AWJM have been effectively scrutinized in tabular form. Based on the critical literature review, research gaps are identified and scope of machining potential of AWJM is also discussed in the last part of the present paper.

Study of Temperature Effect on Conductivity Distribution in Monolayer Graphene Using Electrical Resistance Tomography

Anil Kumar Khambampati,Felipe Alberto Solano Sanchez,Sunam Kumar Sharma,Kyung Youn Kim 대한전자공학회 2022 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2022 No.6

Blast Fragility and Sensitivity Analyses of Steel Moment Frames with Plan Irregularities

Anil Kumar,Vasant Matsagar 한국강구조학회 2018 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.18 No.5

Fragility functions are determined for braced steel moment frames (SMFs) with plans such as square-, T-, L-, U-, trapezoidal-, and semicircular-shaped, subjected to blast. The frames are designed for gravity and seismic loads, but not necessarily for the blast loads. The blast load is computed for a wide range of scenarios involving diff erent parameters, viz. charge weight, standoff distance, and blast location relative to plan of the structure followed by nonlinear dynamic analysis of the frames. The members failing in rotation lead to partial collapse due to plastic mechanism formation. The probabilities of partial collapse of the SMFs, with and without bracing system, due to the blast loading are computed to plot fragility curves. The charge weight and standoff distance are taken as Gaussian random input variables. The extent of propagation of the uncertainties in the input parameters onto the response quantities and fragility of the SMFs is assessed by computing Sobol sensitivity indices. The probabilistic analysis is conducted using Monte Carlo simulations. The frames have least failure probability for blasts occurring in front of their corners or convex face. Further, the unbraced frames are observed to have higher fragility as compared to counterpart braced frames for far-off detonations.

Modeling the Diffusion-Driven Growth of a Pre-Existing Gas Bubble

Anil Kunwar,Haitao Ma,Junhao Sun,Shuang Li,Jiahui Liu 대한금속·재료학회 2015 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.21 No.5

Finite element method is utilized to solve the diffusion equation and model the diffusion driven growth of a pre-existing spherical gas bubble in molten tin at the solder/substrate interface for reflow time of 120 s and temperature of 250 °C. The gibbs free energy change required for determining the equilibrium concentration at liquid solder/gas bubble boundary was calculated using the thermodynamic polynomial coefficients. The rate of change of radius, as function of concentration flux, is calculated using the lagrangian mesh update methodology. With an initial diameter of 20 μm, the bubble growth is calculated as a function of contact angle. When the wetting angle is varied from a value of 30° to 135°, the numerical calculation has yielded the final sizes for the bubble to change from 62.87 μm to 82.8 μm respectively. The effect of wetting transition in the growth of bubble was studied by the in-situ observation of bubble dynamics through synchrotron radiation imaging technique. The scanning electron microscopy images of the morphologies of intermetallic compounds influenced by growing bubble in Sn/Cu solder joint and bubble pictures obtained through synchrotron radiation are utilized to get the experimental size of the bubble. The mean experimental bubble diameter has been obtained as 76.39 μm. The growing bubble inhibits the growth of intermetallic compound at its vicinity and thereby reduces the strength of solder joints.