CONCEPT AND MANAGEMENT OF ISTISQĀ' (OEDEMA) IN UNANI SYSTEM OF MEDICINE

Khan, Khalid Ali,Zakir, Mohammad,Khan, Shahid Ali,Khan, Rashid Ali Cellmed Orthocellular Medicine and Pharmaceutical 2021 셀메드 (CellMed) Vol.11 No.1

Ascites is the accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, and it is generally allied with liver disease like cirrhosis of the liver. The ascites is commonly associated with liver cirrhosis, malignancy, or cardiovascular disease today. The liver cirrhosis is the most significant cause of ascites in developed countries as per the available data. In the modern medicine system, the treatment includes the restriction of sodium intake, use of diuretics, and paracentesis done in severe cases. There are many side effects of synthetic chemical diuretics, and their long-term use is not recommended. The alternative medicine like Unani system of medicine provides natural diuretics and drugs which also have protective effects on kidney, liver and other internal organs. It is well known in all drug systems that the prognosis is poor in ascites, but the use of Unani herbal medicines can minimize the side effects caused by synthetic chemical diuretics. The natural herbs used for the management of ascites have fewer side effects as compared to synthetic drugs. The natural drugs can be used for longer duration and provide some dietary supplement which improves the quality of life. This review addressed the thorough treatment of ascites by natural diet and medications.

MANAGEMENT OF HASĀH WA RAML AL-KULYA (NEPHROLITHIASIS) IN UNANI SYSTEM OF MEDICINE: A REVIEW

Khan, Khalid Ali,Khan, Rashid Ali,Zakir, Mohammad Cellmed Orthocellular Medicine and Pharmaceutical 2020 셀메드 (CellMed) Vol.10 No.3

The kidneys are exposed to toxicants and waste product and can be affected easily by these toxicants and by products of the metabolism. The consumption of adequate water is necessary to remove waste and to keep kidney healthy. Deficiency of liquid in the blood leads to various adverse effects on the kidney. The most common adverse deficiency of liquid in blood is deposition of solid matter in the kidney and subsequently formation of kidney stone. Nephrolithiasis (kidney stone) can be treated by drugs if it is small in size but if it blocks the route due to its big size then surgery is the only way to remove it. The recurrence rate of the problem is very high and it may reappear within 10 years. In Unani literature Hasāh wa Raml al-Kulya (nephrolithiasis) is described in detail. As per Unani literature stagnation of Ghalīz mādda (filthy and viscous matter) in the kidney is the main cause of the formation of kidney stone. Various single and compound formulations drugs are described for the management of kidney stone which are very effective as well as safe. Management is divided into two parts i.e. symptomatic treatment to relieve pain and to methods adopted to remove stone from the kidney. Musakkin-i-Waja'(analgesic) drugs are used for pain while Mufattit-i-Hasāh (lithotriptic) and Mudirr-i-Bawl (Diuretic) drugs are used to remove stone. Majoon Aqrab, Qurs Kaknaj and Dawa-e-Gurda etc. are compound drugs mentioned in literature for removal of kidney stone. Single drugs like Alu Balu, Tukhm Khayar, and Kharkhask etc. are also used for same purpose.

Dual-Buck AC–AC Converter With Inverting and Non-Inverting Operations

Khan, Usman Ali,Khan, Ashraf Ali,Cha, Honnyong,Kim, Heung-Geun,Kim, Juyong,Baek, Ju-Won Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2018 IEEE transactions on power electronics Vol.33 No.11

<P>In this paper, a novel buck–boost ac–ac converter is proposed. The basic switching unit of the proposed converter is a unidirectional buck circuit; therefore, it has no shoot-through worries. It can achieve safe commutation without using <I>RC</I> snubbers or soft commutation strategies. It can be implemented with power MOSFETs without their body diodes conducting and, for current freewheeling external diodes, can be used to minimize the reverse recovery issues and related loss. It has a bipolar voltage gain with both inverting and non-inverting operations. The non-inverting operation can be used to compensate voltage sag, and inverting operation can be used to compensate voltage swell. Therefore, the proposed converter as a dynamic voltage restorer is capable of compensating for both voltage sag and swell in a wide range. The detailed theoretical analysis followed by detailed experimental results of a 300-W prototype converter is provided.</P>

Aberrant Promoter Methylation at CpG Cytosines Induce the Upregulation of the E2F5 Gene in Breast Cancer

Arshad Ali,Farman Ullah,Irum Sabir Ali,Ahmad Faraz,Mumtaz Khan,Syed Tahir Ali Shah,Nawab Ali,Muhammad Saeed 한국유방암학회 2016 Journal of breast cancer Vol.19 No.2

Purpose: The promoter methylation status of cell cycle regulatory genes plays a crucial role in the regulation of the eukaryotic cell cycle. CpG cytosines are actively subjected to methylation during tumorigenesis, resulting in gain/loss of function. E2F5 gene has growth repressive activities; various studies suggest its involvement in tumorigenesis. This study aims to investigate the epigenetic regulation of E2F5 in breast cancer to better understand tumor biology. Methods: The promoter methylation status of 50 breast tumor tissues and adjacent normal control tissues was analyzed. mRNA expression was determined using SYBR® green quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and methylation- specific PCR was performed for bisulfite-modified genomic DNA using E2F5-specific primers to assess promoter methylation. Data was statistically analyzed. Results: Significant (p<0.001) upregulation was observed in E2F5 expression among tumor tissues, relative to the control group. These samples were hypo-methylated at the E2F5 promoter region in the tumor tissues, compared to the control. Change in the methylation status (Δmeth) was significantly lower (p=0.022) in the tumor samples, indicating possible involvement in tumorigenesis. Patients at the postmenopausal stage showed higher methylation (75%) than those at the premenopausal stage (23.1%). Interestingly, methylation levels gradually increased from the early to the advanced stages of the disease (p<0.001), which suggests a putative role of E2F5 methylation in disease progression that can significantly modulate tumor biology at more advanced stage and at postmenopausal age (Pearson’s r=0.99 and 0.86, respectively). Among tissues with different histological status, methylation frequency was higher in invasive lobular carcinoma (80.0%), followed by invasive ductal carcinoma (46.7%) and ductal carcinoma in situ (20.0%). Conclusion: Methylation is an important epigenetic factor that might be involved in the upregulation of E2F5 gene in tumor tissues, which can be used as a prognostic marker for breast cancer.

Investigation on the effect of alkyl chain linked mono-thioureas as Jack bean urease inhibitors, SAR, pharmacokinetics ADMET parameters and molecular docking studies

Larik, Fayaz Ali,Faisal, Muhammad,Saeed, Aamer,Channar, Pervaiz Ali,Korabecny, Jan,Jabeen, Farukh,Mahar, Ihsan Ali,Kazi, Mehar Ali,Abbas, Qamar,Murtaza, Ghulam,Khan, Gul Shahzada,Hassan, Mubashir,Seo, Academic Press 2019 Bioorganic chemistry Vol.86 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The increasing resistance of pathogens to common antibiotics, as well as the need to control urease activity to improve the yield of soil nitrogen fertilization in agricultural applications, has stimulated the development of novel classes of molecules that target urease as an enzyme. In this context, the newly developed compounds on the basis of 1-heptanoyl-3-arylthiourea family were evaluated for Jack bean urease enzyme inhibition activity to validate their role as potent inhibitors of this enzyme. 1-Heptanoyl-3-arylthioureas were obtained in excellent yield and characterized through spectral and elemental analysis. All the compounds displayed remarkable potency against urease inhibition as compared to thiourea standard. It was found that novel compounds fulfill the criteria of drug-likeness by obeying Lipinski’s rule of five. Particularly compound <B>4a</B> and <B>4c</B> can serve as lead molecules in 4D (drug designing discovery and development). Kinetic mechanism and molecular docking studies also carried out to delineate the mode of inhibition and binding affinity of the molecules.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A new family of 1-heptanoyl-3-arylthioureas (<B>4a-4j</B>) was synthesized in excellent yield. </LI> <LI> The synthesized 1-heptanoyl-3-arylthiourea family were evaluated for Jack bean urease enzyme inhibition activity. </LI> <LI> Particularly compound <B>4a</B> and <B>4c</B> can serve as lead molecules in 4D (drug designing discovery and development). </LI> <LI> Kinetic mechanism and molecular docking studies also carried out to delineate the mode of inhibition and binding affinity. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Toxic potential of some indigenous plant oils against the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (Linnaeus)

Hafiz Azhar Ali KHAN,Waseem AKRAM,이수미,Taskeen AHMAD,Kamran MAQSOOD,Hassan Ali KHAN,Muhammad Waqas NAZIR,Muhammad Faisal JAVAID 한국곤충학회 2019 Entomological Research Vol.49 No.3

The present study was conducted to evaluate the toxic potential of five indigenous plant oils: black pepper (Piper nigrum), Chinese cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia), garlic (Allium sativum), river red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis), and yellow oleander (Thevetia peruviana), against laboratory reared Sitophilus oryzae adults. The bioassays were done by the diet incorporation method with concentrations ranging from 50 ppm to 500 ppm. Based on lethal concentrations to kill 50% (LC50) of the subjected weevils, T. peruviana proved to be the most toxic having the lowest LC50 values, 414.58, 201.94, and 129.52 ppm, after 7, 14, and 21 days of exposure, respectively, followed by E. camaldulensis (475.51, 366.65, and 251.28 ppm, respectively). The rest of the plant oils also showed toxic potential, but these were less toxic compared with T. peruviana and E. camaldulensis. With respect to the time taken to cause 50% mortality (LT50) of the exposed weevils, T. peruviana had LT50 at 14.54 days followed by P. nigrum (22.09 days), E. camaldulensis (24.29 days), and C. cassia (28.71 days). Whereas, A. sativum took the longest time (44.47 days) to cause 50% mortality of the exposed weevils. In conclusion, the result revealed toxic potential of tested plant oils, and suggests further studies under simulated-field conditions should be included in the management plan for S. oryzae.

Adsorptive Removal of Volatile Organic Contaminants from Aqueous Medium by Granular Activated Carbons

Khan, Moonis-Ali,Lee, Sang-Hoon,Kumar, Rajeev,Jeon, Byong-Hun 한국암반공학회 2010 Geosystem engineering Vol.13 No.1

In order to investigate the adsorption of dichloromethane (DCM) and methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) form aqueous solution onto granular activated carbons (GACs), kinetics, thermodynamics, and competitive ions studies were carried out. The optimal pH range for the adsorption of DCM and MTBE on GACs was 5.0 to 8.0. Contact time studies showed comparatively lower equilibration time for the adsorption of DCM on GACs. Isotherm studies favored the applicability of Freundlich model. Kinetics studies at different concentrations showed that the adsorption of DCM and MTBE on GACs follow the pseudo-second-order kinetics model. Weber and Morris model showed that the adsorption of MTBE at different concentration on coconut granular activated carbon (CGAC) has intra-particle diffusion as the rate controlling step. The thermodynamics parameters for the adsorption of DCM onto CGAC showed the exothermic nature of the adsorption process. The adsorption of DCM and MTBE on CGAC and wood granular activated carbon (WGAC) was physical adsorption in nature. Competitive ions studies revealed significant potential of CGAC for the removal of DCM even at higher concentrations.

Safety Evaluation of Sankhaholi (Evolvulus alsinoides Linn.) in the Management of Essential Hypertension: A Randomized Standard Control Trial

Khan, Qamar Alam,Khan, Asim Ali,Parveen, Shagufta Cellmed Orthocellular Medicine and Pharmaceutical 2019 셀메드 (CellMed) Vol.9 No.4

Background: Hypertension is one of the major risk factors for stroke, heart attack, heart failure and kidney failure, thereby causing deaths and disability world-wide. The most predominant type of HTN is essential hypertension (HTN). Unani scholars have mentioned about the clinical manifestations and management of the hypertension and documented it in the context of 'Imtila'. The drug Sankhaholi (Evolvulus alsinoides Linn.) is one of the widely prescribed medicines for the management of essential hypertension in Unani medicine. Material and Methods: The present clinical study was carried out to evaluate the safety of Sankhaholi (Evolvulus alsinoides Linn.) in the management of stage-1 essential hypertension. Newly diagnosed 41 patients of Essential Hypertension (22 patients were in the test group and 19 patients in the control group) were enrolled for the study. All the patients in the test group were given with the test drug 3 g powder of Sankhaholi twice a day for 6 weeks orally. Patients in the control group were given standard drug Ramipril 5 mg once a day for the same duration. Clinical as well as hematological parameters were recorded before and after the treatment. Results: No significant changes are recorded in safety parameters viz. CBC, Haemogram, LFT and KFT. Clinically no adverse effect of the drug has been reported during the course of treatment. Also, significant effect on the systolic blood pressure (p<0.001) were recorded in test group. The drug Sankhaholi was also found effective on the symptoms associated with hypertension. Conclusion: The finding of the study revealed that the test drug Sankhaholi (Evolvulus alsinoides Linn.) is safe and has substantial efficacy as an antihypertensive drug.

Synthesis and electrical properties of 0.65Bi1.05Fe1-xGaxO3-0.35BaTiO3 piezoceramics by air quenching process

Khan, Salman Ali,Malik, Rizwan Ahmed,Akram, Fazli,Hussain, Ali,Song, Tae-Kwon,Kim, Won-Jeong,Kim, Myong-Ho Springer-Verlag 2018 JOURNAL OF ELECTROCERAMICS Vol.41 No.1

UPPER AND LOWER SOLUTIONS METHOD FOR SECOND ORDER NONLINEAR FOUR POINT BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS

Khan Rahmat Ali,Nieto Juan J.,Rosana Rodriguez-Lopez Korean Mathematical Society 2006 대한수학회지 Vol.43 No.6

We develop the upper and lower solutions method for the four point problem relative to second order differential equations in order to obtain the existence of solution.