Nature of Complex Network of Dengue Epidemic as a Scale-Free Network

Hafiz Abid Mahmood Malik,Faiza Abid,Nadeem Mahmood,Mohamed Ridza Wahiddin,Asif Malik 대한의료정보학회 2019 Healthcare Informatics Research Vol.25 No.3

Objectives: Dengue epidemic is a dynamic and complex phenomenon that has gained considerable attention due to its injurious effects. The focus of this study is to statically analyze the nature of the dengue epidemic network in terms of whether it follows the features of a scale-free network or a random network. Methods: A multifarious network of Aedes aegypti is addressed keeping the viewpoint of a complex system and modelled as a network. The dengue network has been transformed into a one-mode network from a two-mode network by utilizing projection methods. Furthermore, three network features have been analyzed, the power-law, clustering coefficient, and network visualization. In addition, five methods have been applied to calculate the global clustering coefficient. Results: It has been observed that dengue epidemic follows a powerlaw, with the value of its exponent γ = –2.1. The value of the clustering coefficient is high for dengue cases, as weight of links. The minimum method showed the highest value among the methods used to calculate the coefficient. Network visualization showed the main areas. Moreover, the dengue situation did not remain the same throughout the observed period. Conclusions: The results showed that the network topology exhibits the features of a scale-free network instead of a random network. Focal hubs are highlighted and the critical period is found. Outcomes are important for the researchers, health officials, and policy makers who deal with arbovirus epidemic diseases. Zika virus and Chikungunya virus can also be modelled and analyzed in this manner.

Medicinal Chemistry : Enhanced oral bioavailability of fenofibrate using polymeric nanoparticulated systems: physicochemical characterization and in vivo investigation

( Abid Mehmood Yousaf ),( Dong Wuk Kim ),( Yu Kyoung Oh ),( Chul Soon Yong ),( Jong Oh Kim ),( Han Gon Choi ) 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 2015 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.25 No.-

Background: The intention of this research was to prepare and compare various solubility-enhancing nanoparticulated systems in order to select a nanoparticulated formulation with the most improved oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble fenofibrate. Methods: The most appropriate excipients for different nanoparticulated preparations were selected by determining the drug solubility in 1% (w/v) aqueous solutions of each carrier. The polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) nanospheres, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) nanocorpuscles, and gelatin nanocapsules were formulated as fenofibrate/PVP/sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), fenofibrate/HP-β-CD, and fenofibrate/gelatin at the optimized weight ratios of 2.5:4.5:1, 1:4, and 1:8, respectively. The three solid-state products were achieved using the solventevaporation method through the spray-drying technique. The physicochemical characterization of these nanoparticles was accomplished by powder X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Their physicochemical properties, aqueous solubility, dissolution rate, and pharmacokinetics in rats were investigated in comparison with the drug powder. Results: Among the tested carriers, PVP, HP-β-CD, gelatin, and SLS showed better solubility and were selected as the most appropriate constituents for various nanoparticulated systems. All of the formulations significantly improved the aqueous solubility, dissolution rate, and oral bioavailability of fenofibrate compared to the drug powder. The drug was present in the amorphous form in HP-β-CD nanocorpuscles; however, in other formulations, it existed in the crystalline state with a reduced intensity. The aqueous solubility and dissolution rates of the nanoparticles (after 30 minutes) were not significantly different from one another. Among the nanoparticulated systems tested in this study, the initial dissolution rates (up to 10 minutes) were higher with the PVP nanospheres and HP-β-CD nanocorpuscles; however, neither of them resulted in the highest oral bioavailability. Irrespective of relatively retarded dissolution rate, gelatin nanocapsules showed the highest apparent aqueous solubility and furnished the most improved oral bioavailability of the drug (~5.5-fold), owing to better wetting and diminution in crystallinity. Conclusion: Fenofibrate-loaded gelatin nanocapsules prepared using the solvent-evaporation method through the spray-drying technique could be a potential oral pharmaceutical product for administering the poorly water-soluble fenofibrate with an enhanced bioavailability.

Contribution of Synoptic Transients to the Potential Predictability of PNA Circulation Anomalies: El Niño versus La Niña

Abid, Muhammad Adnan,Kang, In-Sik,Almazroui, Mansour,Kucharski, Fred American Meteorological Society 2015 Journal of climate Vol.28 No.21

Protocol-Aware Radio Frequency Jamming in Wi-Fi and Commercial Wireless Networks

Abid Hussain,Nazar A. Saqib,Usman Qamar,Muhammad Zia,Hassan Mahmood 한국통신학회 2014 Journal of communications and networks Vol.16 No.4

Radio frequency (RF) jamming is a denial of serviceattack targeted at wireless networks. In resource-hungry scenarioswith constant traffic demand, jamming can create connectivityproblems and seriously affect communication. Therefore, the vulnerabilitiesof wireless networks must be studied. In this study, weinvestigate a particular type of RF jamming that exploits the semanticsof physical (PHY) andmedium access control (MAC) layerprotocols. This can be extended to any wireless communication networkwhose protocol characteristics and operating frequencies areknown to the attacker. We propose two efficient jamming techniques:A low-data-rate random jamming and a shot-noise basedprotocol-aware RF jamming. Both techniques use shot-noise pulsesto disrupt ongoing transmission ensuring they are energy efficient,and they significantly reduce the detection probability of the jammer. Further, we derived the tight upper bound on the durationand the number of shot-noise pulses for Wi-Fi, GSM, and WiMaxnetworks. The proposed model takes consider the channel accessmechanism employed at the MAC layer, data transmission rate,PHY/MAC layer modulation and channel coding schemes. Moreover,we analyze the effect of different packet sizes on the proposedjamming methodologies. The proposed jamming attack modelshave been experimentally evaluated for 802.11b networks on an actualtestbed environment by transmitting data packets of varyingsizes. The achieved results clearly demonstrate a considerable increasein the overall jamming efficiency of the proposed protocolawarejammer in terms of packet delivery ratio, energy expenditureand detection probabilities over contemporary jammingmethodsprovided in the literature.

STABILITY ANALYSIS OF A HOST-VECTOR TRANSMISSION MODEL FOR PINE WILT DISEASE WITH ASYMPTOMATIC CARRIER TREES

Abid Ali Lashari,이광성 대한수학회 2017 대한수학회지 Vol.54 No.3

A deterministic model for the spread of pine wilt disease with asymptomatic carrier trees in the host pine population is designed and rigorously analyzed. We have taken four different classes for the trees, namely susceptible, exposed, asymptomatic carrier and infected, and two different classes for the vector population, namely susceptible and infected. A complete global analysis of the model is given, which reveals that the global dynamics of the disease is completely determined by the associated basic reproduction number, denoted by $\mathcal{R}_0$. If $\mathcal{R}_0$ is less than one, the disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable, and in such a case, the endemic equilibrium does not exist. If $\mathcal{R}_0$ is greater than one, the disease persists and the unique endemic equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable.

Depth edge detection by image-based smoothing and morphological operations

Abid Hasan, Syed Mohammad,Ko, Kwanghee Society for Computational Design and Engineering 2016 Journal of computational design and engineering Vol.3 No.3

Since 3D measurement technologies have been widely used in manufacturing industries edge detection in a depth image plays an important role in computer vision applications. In this paper, we have proposed an edge detection process in a depth image based on the image based smoothing and morphological operations. In this method we have used the principle of Median filtering, which has a renowned feature for edge preservation properties. The edge detection was done based on Canny Edge detection principle and was improvised with morphological operations, which are represented as combinations of erosion and dilation. Later, we compared our results with some existing methods and exhibited that this method produced better results. However, this method works in multiframe applications with effective framerates. Thus this technique will aid to detect edges robustly from depth images and contribute to promote applications in depth images such as object detection, object segmentation, etc.

The effect of bolt tightening methods and sequence on the performance of gasketed bolted flange joint assembly

Abid, Muhammad,Khan, Yasir Mehmood Techno-Press 2013 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.46 No.6

This paper presents results of the effect of different bolt tightening sequences and methods on the performance of gasketed bolted flange joint using nonlinear finite element analysis. Bolt preload scatter due to elastic interactions, flange stress variation and bolt bending due to flange rotation and gasket contact stress variation is difficult to eliminate in torque control method i.e. tightening one bolt at a time. Although stretch control method (tightening more than one bolt at time) eradicates the bolt preload scatter, flange stress variation is relatively high. Flange joint's performance is compared to establish relative merits and demerits of both the methods and different bolt tightening sequences.

Security Issues and Challenges of Mobile Cloud Computing

Abid Shahzad,Mureed Hussain 보안공학연구지원센터(IJGDC) 2013 International Journal of Grid and Distributed Comp Vol.6 No.6

Supergene Alteration of Amphibole in Kaya San Kaolin Deposit : Mineralogical and Morphological Studies

( Abid Murtaza Khan,Soo Jin Kim,Dong Jin Lee ) 한국광물학회 1989 광물과 암석 (J.Miner.Soc.Korea) Vol.2 No.1

Protein Transmission, Seeding and Degradation: Key Steps for α-Synuclein Prion-Like Propagation

Abid Oueslati,Methodios Ximerakis,Kostas Vekrellis 한국뇌신경과학회 2014 Experimental Neurobiology Vol.23 No.4

Converging lines of evidence suggest that cell-to-cell transmission and the self-propagation of pathogenic amyloidogenic proteinsplay a central role in the initiation and the progression of several neurodegenerative disorders. This “prion-like” hypothesis hasbeen recently reported for α-synuclein, a presynaptic protein implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and relateddisorders. This review summarizes recent findings on α-synuclein prion-like propagation, focusing on its transmission, seeding anddegradation and discusses some key questions that remain to be explored. Understanding how α-synuclein exits cells and propagatesfrom one brain region to another will lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of PD, aiming atslowing or stopping the disease progression.