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Distribution of caveolin isoforms in the lemur retina
Aoston Szel,Anes I Berta,Anna L Kiss,Akos Lukats,Arnold Szabo 대한수의학회 2007 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.8 No.3
The distribution of caveolin isoforms was previously evaluated in the retinas of different species, but has not yet been described in the primate retina. In this study, the distribution of caveolins was assessed via immunochemistry using isoform-specific antibodies in the retina of the blackand- white ruffed lemur. Here, we report the presence of a variety of caveolin isoforms in many layers of the lemur retina. As normal human retinas were not available for research and the retinas of primates are fairly similar to those of humans, the lemur retina can be utilized as a model for caveolin distribution in normal humans.
Chronic Alcohol Consumption Results in Greater Damage to the Pancreas Than to the Liver in the Rats
이성수,홍옥기,Anes Ju,김명준,김봉주,김성래,김원호,조남한,강무일,강성구,김대진,유순집 대한약리학회 2015 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.19 No.4
Alcohol consumption increases the risk of type 2 diabetes. However, its effects on prediabetes or early diabetes have not been studied. We investigated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the pancreas and liver resulting from chronic alcohol consumption in the prediabetes and early stages of diabetes. We separated Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats, a type-2 diabetic animal model, into two groups based on diabetic stage: prediabetes and early diabetes were defined as occurrence between the ages of 11 to 16 weeks and 17 to 22 weeks, respectively. The experimental group received an ethanol-containing liquid diet for 6 weeks. An intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test was conducted after 16 and 22 weeks for the prediabetic and early diabetes groups, respectively. There were no significant differences in body weight between the control and ethanol groups. Fasting and 120-min glucose levels were lower and higher, respectively, in the ethanol group than in the control group. In prediabetes rats, alcohol induced significant expression of ER stress markers in the pancreas; however, alcohol did not affect the liver. In early diabetes rats, alcohol significantly increased most ER stress-marker levels in both the pancreas and liver. These results indicate that chronic alcohol consumption increased the risk of diabetes in prediabetic and early diabetic OLETF rats; the pancreas was more susceptible to damage than was the liver in the early diabetic stages, and the adaptive and proapoptotic pathway of ER stress may play key roles in the development and progression of diabetes affected by chronic alcohol ingestion.
Chronic Alcohol Consumption Results in Greater Damage to the Pancreas Than to the Liver in the Rats
Lee, Seong-Su,Hong, Oak-Kee,Ju, Anes,Kim, Myung-Jun,Kim, Bong-Jo,Kim, Sung-Rae,Kim, Won-Ho,Cho, Nam-Han,Kang, Moo-Il,Kang, Sung-Koo,Kim, Dai-Jin,Yoo, Soon-Jib The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2015 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.19 No.4
Alcohol consumption increases the risk of type 2 diabetes. However, its effects on prediabetes or early diabetes have not been studied. We investigated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the pancreas and liver resulting from chronic alcohol consumption in the prediabetes and early stages of diabetes. We separated Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats, a type-2 diabetic animal model, into two groups based on diabetic stage: prediabetes and early diabetes were defined as occurrence between the ages of 11 to 16 weeks and 17 to 22 weeks, respectively. The experimental group received an ethanol-containing liquid diet for 6 weeks. An intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test was conducted after 16 and 22 weeks for the prediabetic and early diabetes groups, respectively. There were no significant differences in body weight between the control and ethanol groups. Fasting and 120-min glucose levels were lower and higher, respectively, in the ethanol group than in the control group. In prediabetes rats, alcohol induced significant expression of ER stress markers in the pancreas; however, alcohol did not affect the liver. In early diabetes rats, alcohol significantly increased most ER stress-marker levels in both the pancreas and liver. These results indicate that chronic alcohol consumption increased the risk of diabetes in prediabetic and early diabetic OLETF rats; the pancreas was more susceptible to damage than was the liver in the early diabetic stages, and the adaptive and proapoptotic pathway of ER stress may play key roles in the development and progression of diabetes affected by chronic alcohol ingestion.
PARK, GEUN‐,HA,WANNINKHOF, RIK,DONEY, SCOTT C.,TAKAHASHI, TARO,LEE, KITACK,FEELY, RICHARD A.,SABINE, CHRISTOPHER L.,TRIÑ,ANES, JOAQUIN,LIMA, IVAN D. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2010 Tellus. Series B, Chemical and physical meteorolog Vol.62 No.5
<P><B>ABSTRACT</B></P><P>The interannual variability of net sea–air CO<SUB>2</SUB> flux for the period 1982–2007 is obtained from a diagnostic model using empirical subannual relationships between climatological CO<SUB>2</SUB> partial pressure in surface seawater (<I>p</I>CO<SUB>2SW</SUB>) and sea surface temperature (SST), along with interannual changes in SST and wind speed. These optimum subannual relationships show significantly better correlation between <I>p</I>CO<SUB>2SW</SUB> and SST than the previous relationships using fixed monthly boundaries. Our diagnostic model yields an interannual variability of ±0.14 PgC yr<SUP>−1</SUP> (1σ) with a 26‐year mean of −1.48 PgC yr<SUP>−1</SUP>. The greatest interannual variability is found in the Equatorial Pacific, and significant variability is also found at northern and southern high‐latitudes, depending in part, on which wind product is used. We provide an assessment of our approach by applying it to <I>p</I>CO<SUB>2SW</SUB> and SST output from a prognostic global biogeochemical ocean model. Our diagnostic approach applied to this model output shows reasonable agreement with the prognostic model net sea–air CO<SUB>2</SUB> fluxes in terms of magnitude and phase of variability, suggesting that our diagnostic approach can capture much of the observed variability on regional to global scale. A notable exception is that our approach shows significantly less variability than the prognostic model in the Southern Ocean.</P>
Petr Slobodian,Vladimír Pavlínek,Aneźka Lengálová,Petr Sáha 한국물리학회 2009 Current Applied Physics Vol.9 No.1
Polystyrene and polystyrene/multi-wall carbon nanotube composites, PS/MWNT, with MWNT content up to 1 wt.% were prepared in the form of microspheres through in situ suspension polymerization. The morphology of the fraction of 32–64 lm was examined by SEM and TEM microscopy. On the surface of the spheres the presence of MWNT was not observed. The microspheres intersections showed the structure of aggregates of sintered beads a few micrometers in size with heterogeneous interface. No MWNT material was observed inside the beads; it seemed to be situated in the heterogeneous phase of microspheres. Suspensions of PS/MWNT in silicone oil show electrorheological effect, whose intensity strongly depends on MWNT content in composite microspheres. Polystyrene and polystyrene/multi-wall carbon nanotube composites, PS/MWNT, with MWNT content up to 1 wt.% were prepared in the form of microspheres through in situ suspension polymerization. The morphology of the fraction of 32–64 lm was examined by SEM and TEM microscopy. On the surface of the spheres the presence of MWNT was not observed. The microspheres intersections showed the structure of aggregates of sintered beads a few micrometers in size with heterogeneous interface. No MWNT material was observed inside the beads; it seemed to be situated in the heterogeneous phase of microspheres. Suspensions of PS/MWNT in silicone oil show electrorheological effect, whose intensity strongly depends on MWNT content in composite microspheres.
Ane Nishitha Vijayan,Janani Indrakumar,Sankaranarayanan Gomathinayagam,Kodiveri Muthukaliannan Gothandam,Purna Sai Korrapati 한국고분자학회 2022 Macromolecular Research Vol.30 No.8
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) curtails the permeability of neuroprotective drugs to the brain thus restricting the effective delivery of therapeutics for neurodegenerative disorders. Recently, greater emphasis has been given for polymeric nanoparticles as a potential delivery system to transport drugs across the blood-brain barrier. This study focuses on the cellular route, localization and enhancement of uptake of drug loaded polymeric nanoparticles for delivery across the blood-brain barrier. We have optimized and synthesized polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles as a carrier for the delivery of drugs across the barrier. Cell penetrating peptide trans-activating transcriptor (TAT) was conjugated with the polymer through covalent bonding for increasing the efficiency of drug delivery across the BBB. Rhodamine-B was used as a model drug to study the release of drugs from the synthesized nanoparticle and finally the in vivo uptake in a mice model was checked. The size of the synthesized nanoparticles was in the nanometer range and the release profile revealed a rapid release appropriate for brain delivery. The cellular uptake experiments revealed that the peptide conjugated nanoparticle was readily taken up by the cells through macropinocytosis. Finally, to overcome the challenges for drugs to cross the BBB in an in vivo system, we have tracked the bioavailability of the nanoparticles in a mice model. Here we report an enhanced uptake of the peptide functionalized drug delivery carrier to successfully deliver and track therapeutic molecules across the blood-brain barrier in vivo.