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Evaluating the Stress Intensity Factor Using White Light Photoelastic Experiment
Umezaki, E,Kodama, K,Shimamoto, A 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 2001 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.7 No.1
In this study, a method is proposed to evaluate the stress intensity factor using isochromatics multiplied and extracted from original isochromatic images obtained from a white light photoelastic experiment. This method utilizes R, G and B isochromatics which are captured using a color CCD camera and an image processor in dark- and light-field circular polariscopes. First, for each color, the dark-held intensities are subtracted from the light-field intensities so that each point of the resultant image has a positive, zero or negative value. The isochromatics are then obtained as a series of points whose value is zero, which are extracted using image processing. The fringe orders are assigned to the extracted isochromatics using calibration curves. The stress intensity factor is determined using the Irwin method. This method is applied to an epoxy resin plate with a crack formed at one side under 3-point bending. The result shows that the stress intensity factor is accurately evaluated using R, G and B isochromatics near the crack tip.
LC, Acute : O-055 ; Protection from liver fibrosis by a PPAR agonist
( Keiko Iwaisako ),( Yong Han Paik ),( Michael Haimer ),( Kojiro Taura ),( Yuzo Kodama ),( Claude Sirlin ),( Elizabeth Yu ),( Ruth T Yu ),( Michael Downes ),( Ronald M Evans ),( David A Brenner ),( Be 대한간학회 2012 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2012 No.1
Background: Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor delta (PPAR), a member of the nuclear receptor family, is emerging as a key metabolic regulator with pleiotropic actions on various tissues including fat, skeletal muscle and liver. The aim of our study was to assess the effect of a new and highly selective PPAR agonist KD3010 in experimental mouse models of liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) injections or bile duct ligation (BDL). Methods: Male adult C57/B6 mice were treated daily with vehicle or KD3010 by oral gavage. Liver fibrosis was induced by repeated intraperitoneal injections of CCl4 or BDL. For in vitro study, primary hepatocytes were isolated and incubated with/without KD3010. Results: PPAR agonist KD3010 ameliorates liver injury induced by CCl4 injections. Deposition of extracellular matrix proteins was lower in the KD3010 group as compared to the control group. The hepatoprotective and antifibrotic effect of KD3010 was confirmed in a model of cholestasis-induced liver injury and fibrosis using BDL for three weeks. Primary hepatocytes incubated with KD3010 were protected from serum starvation or CCl4-induced cell death, in part due to reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Conclusions: The PPAR agonist KD3010 has hepatoprotective and antifibrotic effects in animal models of liver fibrosis suggesting a new mechanistic and therapeutic approach in treating patients with chronic liver diseases.
Teenage pregnancy complicated by primary invasive ovarian cancer: association for oncologic outcome
Erin A. Blake,Madushka Y. De Zoysa,Elise B. Morocco,Samantha B. Kaiser,Michiko Kodama,Brendan H. Grubbs,Koji Matsuo 대한부인종양학회 2018 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.29 No.5
Objective: To examine survival of teenage women with pregnancies complicated by primary ovarian cancer. Methods: This is a secondary analysis of a previously organized systematic literature review of primary ovarian cancer diagnosed during pregnancy. Cases eligible for analysis were patients whose age at cancer diagnosis and survival outcome were known (n=201). Pregnancy and oncologic outcome were then examined based on patient age. Results: These were comprised of 95 (47.3%) epithelial ovarian cancers (EOCs), 82 (40.8%) malignant germ cell tumors (MGCTs), and 24 (11.9%) sex-cord stromal tumors (SCSTs). Teenage pregnancy was seen in 21 (10%) cases, and was highest among the SCST group compared to the other cancer types (EOC, 1.1%; MGCT, 14.6%; and SCST, 29.2%, p<0.001). Live birth rates, neonatal weight, full term delivery rates, and Cesarean section rates were similar between the teenage group and the non-teenage group (all, p>0.05); however, teenage pregnancy was significantly associated with an increased risk of serious maternal/neonatal adverse events (50% vs. 22.7%, p=0.013). On univariable analysis, teenage pregnancy was significantly associated with decreased ovarian cancer-specific survival (5-year rate: age ≥30, 79.6%; age 20–29, 87.2%; and age <20, 41.6%; p<0.001). On multivariable analysis controlling for calendar year, cancer type, cancer stage, and gestational age at ovarian cancer diagnosis, teenage pregnancy remained an independent prognostic factor for decreased ovarian cancer-specific survival compared to women aged ≥30 (adjusted-hazard ratio=4.71; 95% confidence interval=1.17–18.9; p=0.029). Conclusion: Teenage women with pregnancies complicated by primary ovarian cancer may be at increased risk of poor survival from ovarian cancer.
Kirby, K A,Singh, K,Michailidis, E,Marchand, B,Kodama, E N,Ashida, N,Mitsuya, H,Parniak, M A,Sarafianos, S G R. Wegmann 2011 Cellular and molecular biology Vol.57 No.1
<P>4'—Ethynyl—2—fluoro—2'—deoxyadenosine (EFdA) is the most potent inhibitor of HIV reverse transcriptase (RT). We have recently named EFdA a Translocation Defective RT Inhibitor (TDRTI) because after its incorporation in the nucleic acid it blocks DNA polymerization, primarily by preventing translocation of RT on the template/primer that has EFdA at the 3'—primer end (T/PEFdA). The sugar ring conformation of EFdA may also influence RT inhibition by a) affecting the binding of EFdA triphosphate (EFdATP) at the RT active site and/or b) by preventing proper positioning of the 3'—OH of EFdA in T/PEFdA that is required for efficient DNA synthesis. Specifically, the North (C2'—exo/C3'—endo), but not the South (C2'—endo/C3'—exo) nucleotide sugar ring conformation is required for efficient binding at the primer—binding and polymerase active sites of RT. In this study we use nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy experiments to determine the sugar ring conformation of EFdA. We find that unlike adenosine nucleosides unsubstituted at the 4'—position, the sugar ring of EFdA is primarily in the North conformation. This difference in sugar ring puckering likely contributes to the more efficient incorporation of EFdATP by RT than dATP. In addition, it suggests that the 3'—OH of EFdA in T/PEFdA is not likely to prevent incorporation of additional nucleotides and thus it does not contribute to the mechanism of RT inhibition. This study provides the first insights into how structural attributes of EFdA affect its antiviral potency through interactions with its RT target.</P>
An AzTEC 1.1-mm survey for ULIRGs in the field of the Galaxy Cluster MS 0451.6−0305
Wardlow, J. L.,Smail, Ian,Wilson, G. W.,Yun, M. S.,Coppin, K. E. K.,Cybulski, R.,Geach, J. E.,Ivison, R. J.,Aretxaga, I.,Austermann, J. E.,Edge, A. C.,Fazio, G. G.,Huang, J.,Hughes, D. H.,Kodama, T.,K Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2010 MONTHLY NOTICES- ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY Vol.401 No.4
<P>ABSTRACT</P><P>We have undertaken a deep (σ∼ 1.1 mJy) 1.1-mm survey of the <I>z</I>= 0.54 cluster MS 0451.6−0305 using the AzTEC camera on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. We detect 36 sources with signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) ≥ 3.5 in the central 0.10 deg<SUP>2</SUP> and present the AzTEC map, catalogue and number counts. We identify counterparts to 18 sources (50 per cent) using radio, mid-infrared, <I>Spitzer</I> InfraRed Array Camera (IRAC) and Submillimetre Array data. Optical, near- and mid-infrared spectral energy distributions are compiled for the 14 of these galaxies with detectable counterparts, which are expected to contain all likely cluster members. We then use photometric redshifts and colour selection to separate background galaxies from potential cluster members and test the reliability of this technique using archival observations of submillimetre galaxies. We find two potential MS 0451−03 members, which, if they are both cluster galaxies, have a total star formation rate (SFR) of ∼100 M<SUB>⊙</SUB> yr<SUP>−1</SUP>– a significant fraction of the combined SFR of all the other galaxies in MS 0451−03. We also examine the stacked rest-frame mid-infrared, millimetre and radio emission of cluster members below our AzTEC detection limit, and find that the SFRs of mid-IR-selected galaxies in the cluster and redshift-matched field populations are comparable. In contrast, the average SFR of the morphologically classified late-type cluster population is nearly three times less than the corresponding redshift-matched field galaxies. This suggests that these galaxies may be in the process of being transformed on the red sequence by the cluster environment. Our survey demonstrates that although the environment of MS 0451−03 appears to suppress star formation in late-type galaxies, it can support active, dust-obscured mid-IR galaxies and potentially millimetre-detected LIRGs.</P>