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Kathalingam, A.,Shanmugam, Kumaran,Park, Hyun-Chang,Kim, Hyun-Seok Elsevier 2018 Journal of materials processing technology Vol.252 No.-
<P>Arrayed metal oxide structures were prepared using a simple metallic tip based local oxidation created by an electrochemical process between the metal tip and the substrate through ionized water molecules generated by a humidifier. CuO and WOx dots with diameter < 1 mu m were fabricated using copper and tungsten tips, respectively. A potential bias > -20 V with a humidity above 75% resulted in the formation of oxide dots. SEM, EDAX, XRD and laser Raman studies done on the fabricated structures confirmed the formation of metal oxide structures. The process of oxide formation and the effect of applied field and humidity on the property of oxide dot are studied.</P>
P. Santhoshkumar,T. Subburaj,K. Karuppasamy,A. Kathalingam,Dhanasekaran Vikraman,박현창,김현석 한국공업화학회 2021 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.104 No.-
Herein, a red iron oxide @ carbon fiber (RIO@CF) composite is prepared via a simple and effective singlehydrothermal and calcination process. The physico-chemical characteristics of as-prepared electrodeactive materials are examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, high resolution field emissionscanningelectron microscopy and field emission-tunneling electron microscopy analyses. When usedas the anode material in the Li-ion battery, as-prepared RIO@CF composite have shown a specific capacityof 1138 mAh g 1 after 150 cycles with a capacity retention of 86% at a current density of 100 mA g 1. Moreover, a specific capacity of 825 mAh g 1 is achieved in the first cycle at a current density of about5000 mA g 1. Thus, when compared to the pristine nano-cube-like red iron oxide (RIO) electrode material,the RIO@CF composite electrode exhibits an outstanding cyclic stability and rate capacity. This electrochemicalenhancement facilitates effective lithium ion transport into the RIO@CF composite electrode,thus improving the electrical conductivity. In addition, the application of a homogeneous carbon fibercoating can provide effective contact between the electrode surface and the electrolyte to further benefitthe electrochemical performance.
A. Kathalingam,Karuppasamy Pandian Marimuthu,K. Karuppasamy,Yeon‑Sik Chae,Hyungyil Lee,Hyun‑Chang Park,Hyun‑Seok Kim 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.6
We report the structural characterization and nanomechanical properties of platinum (Pt) thin films prepared through facileelectrochemical synthesis. The Pt thin films were coated onto indium tin oxide (ITO)/glass substrates by two-electrode electrochemicaldeposition at room temperature. They were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy,and atomic force microscopy for structural and morphological analyses. Indentation depth-dependent hardness and elasticmodulus of the prepared films were analyzed using the nanoindentation technique. Furthermore, the mechanical propertiesof the ITO/glass substrates were also investigated to understand the influence of the substrate on the film properties. Theprepared films showed reasonable mechanical and structural properties suitable for device applications. Finally, the photoconductivityeffect of the prepared Pt film was also studied to determine its suitability for device applications. The Pt filmwas also coated on Cu plates to check substrates effects on this electrochemical deposition, and found that the Cu platesproduced well adherent smooth films.
Studies on Electrochemically Deposited ZnO Thin Films
A. Kathalingam,M. R. Kim,Y. S. Chae,J. K. Rhee,T. Mahalingam 한국물리학회 2009 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.55 No.6
Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films were grown onto SnO2 coated substrates by using cathodic electrodeposition with an aqueous zinc nitrate (Zn (NO3)2) solution at different bath temperatures. The kinetics of the electrodeposition of ZnO films has been investigated in this work. The effects of solution concentrations, and temperature and the electrode potential on the growth of ZnO thin films were investigated. The effects of pH on the structural and characteristics of the ZnO films were also studied in order to establish the optimal growth conditions for electrodeposition of ZnO thin films. Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films were grown onto SnO2 coated substrates by using cathodic electrodeposition with an aqueous zinc nitrate (Zn (NO3)2) solution at different bath temperatures. The kinetics of the electrodeposition of ZnO films has been investigated in this work. The effects of solution concentrations, and temperature and the electrode potential on the growth of ZnO thin films were investigated. The effects of pH on the structural and characteristics of the ZnO films were also studied in order to establish the optimal growth conditions for electrodeposition of ZnO thin films.
Observation of room temperature negative differential resistance in solution synthesized ZnO nanorod
Kathalingam, A.,Kim, H.S.,Kim, S.D.,Park, H.M.,Park, H.C. North-Holland 2015 Physica E, Low-dimensional systems & nanostructure Vol.74 No.-
We report the observation of negative differential resistance (NDR) in solution synthesized ZnO nanorod. The ZnO nanorod was fabricated as a two terminal planar device using lithographically patterned Au electrodes. The measured current-voltage response of the device has shown a negative differential resistance behavior. The peak-to-valley current ratio of the NDR is found to be greater than 4. The mechanism of this observed NDR effect has been explained based on charge trapping and de-trapping at the nanoscale contacts. It is the first observation of negative differential resistance effect in solution synthesized ZnO nanorod.
Annealing induced p-type conversion and substrate dependent effect of n-ZnO/p-Si heterostructure
Kathalingam, A.,Kim, Hyun-Seok Elsevier 2017 Materials letters Vol.196 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This paper reports the conductivity type conversion of ZnO nanorod thin film by annealing. The n-type conductivity of hydrothermally prepared ZnO nanorods was changed to p-type ZnO through thermal treatment in air ambient without doping process. The ZnO nanorod films were grown on p-Si (111) and p<SUP>+</SUP>-Si (100) substrates by hydrothermal method. SEM and XRD measurements showed the excellent crystalline quality and uniform morphology of the grown ZnO nanorod films. Furthermore, substrate and annealing temperature-dependent I-V responses of the films were also studied. A Schottky diode type behavior was shown by ZnO NRs grown on low resistive p-type silicon with a reasonable photoconversion efficiency.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Successfully fabricated n-ZnO NRs/p-Si heterojunction by facile solution route. </LI> <LI> Showed substrate resistivity dependent current-voltage response. </LI> <LI> Extended thermal annealing found to reverse the conductivity type of ZnO. </LI> <LI> Fabricated heterojunction showed excellent photovoltaic response. </LI> </UL> </P>
Maskless patterned growth of ZnO nanorod arrays using tip based electrolithography
Kathalingam, A.,Vikraman, Dhanasekaran,Karuppasamy, K.,Kim, Hyun-Seok,Park, Hyun-Chang,Shanmugam, Kumaran Elsevier 2018 Materials science in semiconductor processing Vol.77 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We report patterned growth of ZnO nanorods based on electrochemical driven writing on a PMMA layer using a metal tip. Electric field induced breaking of the PMMA layer was used for pattern formation. ZnO nanorods were grown on the patterned PMMA layer using two step hydrothermal synthesis. After etching the unaffected PMMA using the conventional lift-off process, patterned growth of vertically aligned ZnO nanorods was produced. This strategy provides an easy and innovative solution for submicron lithographic patterning without requiring complex mask alignment, and allows micro-level semiconductor patterns to be easily formed. The process of pattern formation and ZnO nanorods growth are reported.</P>
Facile fabrication of n-ZnO nanorods/p-Cu<sub>2</sub>O heterojunction and its photodiode property
Kathalingam, A.,Vikraman, Dhanasekaran,Kim, Hyun-Seok,Park, Hui Joon North-Holland 2017 Optical materials Vol.66 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This report presents the fabrication and characterization of n-ZnO nanorods/p-Cu<SUB>2</SUB>O hetrojunction photo-diode. The ZnO nanorods (NRs) were deposited onto electrodeposited Cu<SUB>2</SUB>O thin film by hydrothermal method. The structural, morphological and optical properties of ZnO NRs and Cu<SUB>2</SUB>O films were studied by X-ray diffraction, scanning electronic microscopy, UV–Vis spectrophotometer, respectively. XRD patterns revealed that the as-grown films were highly crystalline nature with strong predominant orientation of (111) and (002) lattices corresponding to Cu<SUB>2</SUB>O and ZnO NRs, respectively. Current–voltage (I–V) characteristic of n-ZnONRs/p-Cu<SUB>2</SUB>O structure confirmed the formation of heterojunction exhibiting diode-like rectifying nature. It showed enhanced conversion of UV light, which indicates the suitability of the simple and low-cost n-ZnO NRs/p-Cu<SUB>2</SUB>O heterojunction device for optoelectronic applications. The sandwich type ITO/n-ZnO NRs/p-Cu<SUB>2</SUB>O/ITO structure is quite novel approach for the efficient and complete collection of carriers in nanorods incorporated devices.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Successfully fabricated ZnO NRs/Cu<SUB>2</SUB>O heterojunction by facile solution routes. </LI> <LI> Shown good photodiode response. </LI> <LI> Showed excellent UV light response suitable for UV light sensor. </LI> <LI> Sandwich type device using ITO as a transparent conductor is a novel approach for Nanorods structure. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Karthikprabhu, S.,Karuppasamy, K.,Vikraman, Dhanasekaran,Prasanna, K.,Maiyalagan, T.,Nichelson, A.,Kathalingam, A.,Kim, Hyun-Seok Elsevier 2018 APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE - Vol.449 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study demonstrated to synthesis of carbon-free lithium nickel phosphate (LiNiPO<SUB>4</SUB>) and its analogue of manganese doped LiNi<SUB>1−x</SUB>Mn<SUB>x</SUB>PO<SUB>4</SUB> (x = 0.05–0.2) cathode materials by a facile polyol method and their suitability for use in high voltage lithium ion batteries (LIBs). The physicochemical properties were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infra-red, Raman, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive analysis by X-ray (EDX), and electrochemical studies. FE-SEM showed that the spherical shape particles were uniformly distributed on the surface and EDX confirmed the presence of all the elements in the LiNi<SUB>1−x</SUB>Mn<SUB>x</SUB>PO<SUB>4</SUB> nanostructure. Substitution of Mn dopants with LiNiPO<SUB>4</SUB> significantly improved the electrical and electrochemical performances for LiNi<SUB>1−x</SUB>Mn<SUB>x</SUB>PO<SUB>4</SUB> (x = 0.05–0.2) cathodes. The highly conducting LiNi<SUB>1−x</SUB>Mn<SUB>x</SUB>PO<SUB>4</SUB> (x = 0.1) cathode exhibited initial discharge capacity of 94.2 mA h g<SUP>−1</SUP> at <I>C</I>/4 rate, and 62% capacity retention after 100 cycles between 2.8 and 5.6 V. These features promote LiNi<SUB>1−x</SUB>Mn<SUB>x</SUB>PO<SUB>4</SUB> as a suitable cathode material for high voltage LIBs.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Carbon free, LiNiPO<SUB>4</SUB> and Mn doped LiNiPO<SUB>4</SUB> were prepared by a polyol process. </LI> <LI> The Mn doped LiNiPO<SUB>4</SUB> shows the improved electrical performances. </LI> <LI> The CV polarization curve was ascertained in the voltage range of 2.8–5.6 V. </LI> <LI> The cell delivers a maximum discharge capacity of 94.2 mA h g<SUP>−1</SUP> at 0.1 C rate. </LI> </UL> </P>