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Improvement of lower hybrid current drive systems for high-power and long-pulse operation on EAST
Wang M.,Liu L.,Zhao L.M.,Li M.H.,Ma W.D.,Hu H.C.,Wu Z.G.,Feng J.Q.,Yang Y.,Zhu L.,Chen M.,Zhou T.A.,Jia H.,Zhang J.,Cao L.,Zhang L.,Liang R.R.,Ding B.J.,Zhang X.J.,Shan J.F.,Liu F.K.,Ekedahl A.,Gonich 한국원자력학회 2022 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.54 No.11
Aiming at high-power and long-pulse operation up to 1000 s, some improvements have been made for both 2.45 GHz and 4.6 GHz lower hybrid (LH) systems during the recent 5 years. At first, the guard limiters of the LH antennas with graphite tiles were upgraded to tungsten, the most promising material for plasma facing components in nuclear fusion devices. These new guard limiters can operate at a peak power density of 12.9 MW/m2 . Strong hot spots were usually observed on the old graphite limiters when 4.6 GHz system operated with power >2.0 MW [B. N. Wan et al., Nucl. Fusion 57 (2017) 102019], leading to a reduction of the maximum power capability. With the new limiters, 4.6 GHz LH system, the main current drive (CD) and electron heating tool for EAST, can be operated with power >2.5 MW routinely. Long-pulse operation up to 100 s with 4.6 GHz LH power of 2.4 MW was achieved in 2021 and the maximal temperature on the guard limiters measured by an infrared (IR) camera was about 540 C, much below the permissible value of tungsten material (~1200 C). A discharge with a duration of 1056 s was achieved and the 4.6 GHz LH energy injected into the plasma was up to 1.05 GJ. Secondly, the fully-activemultijunction (FAM) launcher of 2.45 GHz system was upgraded to a passive-active-multijunction (PAM), for which the density of optimum coupling was relatively low (below the cut-off value). Good coupling with reflection coefficient ~3% has been achieved with plasma-antenna distance up to 11 cm for the new PAM. Finally, in order to eliminate the effect of ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) wave on 4.6 GHz LH wave coupling, the location of the ICRF launcher was changed to a port that is located 157.5 toroidally from the 4.6 GHz LH system and is not magnetically connected
Large Optical Nonlinearity of Highly Porous Silica Nanoaerogels in the Nanosecond Time Domain
JaeTae Seo,A. Jackson,B. Tabibi,H. Brown,K. Lee,K. P. Yoo,L. Creekmore,M. Namkung,Q. Yang,R. Battle,S. M. Ma,S. S. Jung,S. Y. Kim,T. Skyles 한국물리학회 2006 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.48 No.6
The nonlinear optical properties of highly porous silica nanoaerogels with a 0.1 g/cm3 apparent density were investigated using a spatially Gaussian shaped, 8 ns pulsed laser operating at a wavelength of 532 nm with a repetition rate of 10 Hz. Closed Z-scan spectroscopy revealed the negative nonlinearity (or defocusing effect) of the silica nanoaerogels. The third-order nonlinear susceptibility of silica nanoaerogels was estimated to be 9.6 × 10.19 m2/V2 (6.9 × 10.11 esu) from degenerate four-wave mixing measurements. The nonlinear transmittance limiting threshold of silica nanoaerogels was 17 MW/cm2.F
Jang, S.-B.,Ma, C.,Lee, J.-Y.,Kim, J.-H.,Park, S. J.,Kwon, A.-R.,Lee, B.-J. Oxford University Press 2009 The Journal of biochemistry Vol.146 No.5
<P>The HP0827 protein is an 82-residue protein identified as a putative ss-DNA-binding protein 12RNP2 Precursor from Helicobacter pylori. Here, we have determined 3D structure of HP0827 using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. It has a ferredoxin-like fold, beta1-alpha1-beta2-beta3-alpha2-beta4 (alpha; alpha-helix and beta; beta-sheet) and ribonucleoprotein (RNP) motifs which are thought to be important in RNA binding. By using structural homologues search and analyzing electrostatic potential of surface, we could compared HP0827 with other RNA-binding proteins (sex-lethal, T-cell restricted intracellular antigen-1, U1A) to predict RNA-binding sites of HP0827. We could predict that beta sheets of HP0827, especially beta1 and beta3, are primary region for RNA binding. Consequently, similar to other RNA-binding proteins, RNP motifs (Y5, F45, F47), positively charged and hydrophobic regions (K32, R37, K40, K41, K43, R70, R73) are proposed as a putative RNA-binding sites. In addition, differences in amino acids composition of RNP motifs, N, C-terminal residues, loop-region fold and the orientation of alpha1-helix with other RNA recognition motif proteins could give specific biological functions to HP0827. Finally, the study on natural RNA target is also important to completely understand the biological function of HP0827.</P>
Dense Granule Protein-7 (GRA-7) of Toxoplasma gondii inhibits viral replication in vitro and in vivo
Weeratunga, Prasanna,Herath, Thilina U. B.,Kim, Tae-Hwan,Lee, Hyun-Cheol,Kim, Jae-Hoon,Lee, Byeong-Hoon,Lee, Eun-Seo,Chathuranga, Kiramage,Chathuranga, W. A. Gayan,Yang, Chul-Su,Ma, Jin Yeul,Lee, Jong MICROBIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF KOREA 2017 JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY -SEOUL- Vol. No.
<P>Dense granule protein-7 (GRA-7) is an excretory protein of Toxoplasma gondii. It is a potential serodiagnostic marker and vaccine candidate for toxoplasmosis. Previous reports demonstrated that GRA-7 induces innate immune responses in macrophages by interacting with TRAF6 via the MyD88-dependent pathway. In the present study, we evaluated the antiviral activity and induction of an antiviral state by GRA-7 both in vitro and in vivo. It was observed that GRA-7 markedly reduced the replication of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV-GFP), influenza A virus (PR8-GFP), coxsackievirus (H3-GFP), herpes simplex virus (HSV-GFP), and adenovirus-GFP in epithelial (HEK293T/HeLa) and immune (RAW264.7) cells. These antiviral activities of GRA-7 were attributed to the induction of type I interferon (IFN) signaling, resulting in the secretion of IFNs and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, in BALB/c mice, intranasal administration of GRA-7 prevented lethal infection by influenza A virus (H1N1) and exhibited prophylactic effects against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV-GFP). Collectively, these results suggested that GRA-7 exhibits immunostimulatory and broad spectrum antiviral activities via type I IFN signaling. Thus, GRA-7 can be potentially used as a vaccine adjuvant or as a candidate drug with prophylactic potential against viruses.</P>
Cho, L. Y.,Yang, J. J.,Ko, K. P.,Ma, S. H.,Shin, A.,Choi, B. Y.,Kim, H. J.,Han, D. S.,Song, K. S.,Kim, Y. S. Springer Science + Business Media 2015 GASTRIC CANCER Vol.18 No.3
<P>The study aimed to examine the association between genes encoding molecules in the ornithine decarboxylase (ODC)-polyamine pathway (ODC1, AMD1, NQO1, NOS2A, and OAZ2) and gastric cancer risk and whether the gene-phytoestrogen interaction modifies gastric cancer risk. Among 76 gastric cancer cases and their 1:4 matched controls within the Korean Multi-center Cancer Cohort, a total of 30 SNPs in five genes involved in the ODC pathway were primarily analyzed. The second-stage genotyping in 388 matched case-control sets was conducted to reevaluate the significant SNPs interacting with phytoestrogens during the primary analysis. The summary odds ratios (ORs) [95 % confidence intervals (CIs)] for gastric cancer were estimated. Interaction effects between the SNPs and plasma concentrations of phytoestrogens (genistein, daidzein, equol, and enterolactone) were evaluated. In the pooled analysis, NQO1 rs1800566 showed significant genetic effects on gastric cancer without heterogeneity [OR 0.83 (95 % CI 0.70-0.995)] and a greater decreased risk at high genistein/daidzein levels [OR 0.36 (95 % CI 0.15-0.90) and OR 0.26 (95 % CI 0.10-0.64), respectively; p (interaction) < 0.05]. Risk alleles of AMD1 rs1279599, AMD1 rs7768897, and OAZ2 rs7403751 had a significant gene-phytoestrogen (genistein and daidzein) interaction effect to modify the development of gastric cancer. They had an increased gastric cancer risk at low isoflavone levels, but a decreased risk at high isoflavone levels (p (interaction) < 0.01). Our findings suggest that common variants in the genes involved in the ODC pathway may contribute to the risk of gastric cancer possibly by modulating ODC polyamine biosynthesis or by interaction between isoflavones and NQO1, OAZ2, and AMD1.</P>
Ma, S.,Yim, S.,Lee, S.G.,Kim, E.,Lee, S.R.,Chang, K.T.,Buffenstein, R.,Lewis, Kaitlyn N.,Park, Thomas J.,Miller, Richard A.,Clish, Clary B.,Gladyshev, Vadim N. Cell Press 2015 Cell metabolism Vol.22 No.2
Biological diversity among mammals is remarkable. Mammalian body weights range seven orders of magnitude and lifespans differ more than 100-fold among species. While genetic, dietary, and pharmacological interventions can be used to modulate these traits in model organisms, it is unknown how they are determined by natural selection. By profiling metabolites in brain, heart, kidney, and liver tissues of 26 mammalian species representing ten taxonomical orders, we report metabolite patterns characteristic of organs, lineages, and species longevity. Our data suggest different rates of metabolite divergence across organs and reveal patterns representing organ-specific functions and lineage-specific physiologies. We identified metabolites that correlated with species lifespan, some of which were previously implicated in longevity control. We also compared the results with metabolite changes in five long-lived mouse models and observed some similar patterns. Overall, this study describes adjustments of the mammalian metabolome according to lifespan, phylogeny, and organ and lineage specialization.
Seongmin Ma,JaeTae Seo,A. Jackson,B. Tabibi,H. Brown,K. Lee,L. Creekmore,M. Namkung,Q. Yang,R. Battle,S. S. Jung,T. Skyles,W. Yu 한국물리학회 2006 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.48 No.6
Single beam femtosecond Z-scan spectroscopy at 775 nm revealed that the effective third-order nonlinear susceptibility and hyperpolarizability of CdSe colloidal nanocrystals near the Bohr radius were 0.7 . 1.0 × 10.22 m2/V2 and 0.18 . 2.0 × 10.44 m5/V2, respectively. The non-resonant nonlinearity increase for CdSe colloidal quantum dots with bigger than average diameters is attributed to their absorption cross-section being larger and their bandgap energy being narrower than those of the quantum dots with smaller sizes.
Screams in the Dark : The Odyssey of a Betrayed Knight (Experiences of Sexually Abused Males)
Roderick Rigor Ortega,Ma. Diana Pauline T. Aleta,Arman A. Bantasan,Julie Ann Marie B. Cardenas,Angeline Joy C. Cruz,Marycar Hope C. Dela Cruz,Roanne J Dominhguez,Shermaine S Drequito,Charles Joseph C. 한국간호과학회 2011 한국간호과학회 학술대회 Vol.2011 No.10