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함축 부정 의문문에 관한 연구 - 의사소통의 관점에서 -
李範烈(Lee, Byum-Lyul) 동북아시아문화학회 2019 동북아 문화연구 Vol.1 No.59
This paper aims to conduct a study on the communicative effect of interrogative sentences with ‘shei’, ‘shenme’, ‘na’, ‘zenme’ implying negative meanings rather than asking questions. This type of interrogative sentences is called as ‘an interrogative sentence of implicative negation(ISIN)’. The findings are as follows: 1) Negation can be classified into two types of negation. One is a propositional negation, in which proposition is directly negated by 不, 沒, 別. The other is an implicative negation, in which proposition is indirectly and implicitly negated depending on the context. 2) An implicative negation has a feature to depend on both context and premise. 3) An implicative negation is indirectly expressed and concretely comprehended by means of a rhetorical question. 4) Chinese people often use rhetorical questions with ‘shei’, ‘shenme’, ‘na’, or ‘zenme’ to indirectly imply negative meanings, 5) In ISIN ‘shei’, ‘shenme’, ‘na’, ‘zenme’ are acted as a trigger to bring about negative meanings, thus they can not be both focused and stressed. The negative focus can be an element either before or after ‘shei’, ‘shenme’, ‘na’, or ‘zenme’. 6) The use of ISIN results in the effect of both decreasing of the degree of the addressee"s face demage and helping the addressee to cooperate in the communication by means of giving a relevant information. Through using ISIN, Chinese people clearly express their communicative intentions such as disapprove, refutation, reproach, criticism, dissatisfaction, suggestion, warning, politeness, assertion in relation to the addressee"s opinion, assertion, or judgment in their daily communication. In conclusion, ISIN is founded to be an useful tool for the efficient communication.
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현대중국어 감정 은유와 환유의 사용과 의사소통 효과: 안색 표현을 중심으로
이범열(Lee, Byum-lyul) 언어과학회 2021 언어과학연구 Vol.- No.97
The purpose of this paper is to show that the expressions of complexion are used either metaphorically or metonymically to vividly express emotions such as ‘joy,’ ‘sadness,’ ‘anger,’ and ‘fear,’ which makes communication more effective. 1) Joy is metaphorically and vividly expressed by means of the different shades of a red complexion. Sadness is expressed by means of the different shades of a white complexion. Anger is expressed in terms of the three different colors of complexion like ‘red,’ ‘blue,’ or ‘white’ depending on the intensity of anger. Fear is expressed by means of the facial color of either ‘gray’ or ‘white,’ which shows a pale face with tension and anxiety. 2) Joy is metonymically and concretely expressed through the change of complexion to ‘red.’ Sadness is expressed through the change of complexion to ‘white.’ Anger is expressed through the change of complexion to ‘blue,’ which indicates the intensity of anger. Fear is expressed through the change of complexion to either ‘black’ or ‘white’ indicating the peak of fear.
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논문 : 생략의 담화 기능에 관한 연구 -현대중국어를 중심으로-
이범열 ( Byum Lyul Lee ) 영남중국어문학회 2015 중국어문학 Vol.0 No.70
This paper aims to show the discourse function of ellipsis in Mandarin Chinese, with relation to linguistic economy, salient information delivery, coherence, and cooperation: As for linguistic economy, the speaker is able to utter as little as possible to convey his intended message, and the listener to make a minimal mental effort to understand the delivered message. The process of ellipsis is applied selectively with reference to the speaker``s discourse purpose of salient information delivery. Less important information should be deleted first and more important information last, all of which are given information. New information should not be deleted. Ellipsis is assumed to have a strong coherent force for information delivery. Ellipsis can be effectively used through the cooperation between the speaker and the listener. Without the cooperation, either the speaker or the listener using the full form can be felt as being insulted by the other party using the deleted form. In conclusion, ellipsis can be used as an useful discourse tool with the functions mentioned above in Mandarin Chinese.
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현대중국어 초점표현과 의사소통 효과 - 담화의 관점에서
이범열(Lee, Byum-Lyul) 동북아시아문화학회 2020 동북아 문화연구 Vol.1 No.64
This paper aims to show the focus expressions and their communicative effectiveness frequently used in Chinese people’s daily communication. It discussed the three types of focus: informational focus, contrastive focus, and figurative focus. The contents and results are as follows: First, the informational focus is to deliver the most important information with high value of information and communicative dynamism, by which the speaker wants to raise the hearer’s attention. It is used for expressing the speaker’s opinion, assertion, suggestion, attitude, feelings etc. It is discussed in terms of how to be expressed and how to bring about communicative effectiveness. Second, the contrastive focus is used to briefly and clearly express a contrast with exclusiveness among explicit or implicit alternatives to a contrastive focus constituent in either the linguistic context or the utterance situation. It is often expressed with a focus marker ‘shi’, ‘shi···de’ sentence structure, or ellipsis. The ellipsis is selectively applied with reference to the speaker’s utterance purpose of salient focus delivery. The contrastive focus expressed through ellipsis brings about linguistic economy and salient focus delivery in communication. Third, the figurative focus is used to specify the distinct characteristic, feature, ability, professional field, job etc of the referent(person). It is expressed by means of metonymic expressions on the basis of the metonymic notion [Body Terms for Person]. In other words, abstract notions(characteristic, feature, ability, professional field, job etc) are clearly and lively expressed by means of concrete body terms, which helps the listener to easily understand and appropriately respond to the speaker’s figurative focus.
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과도 안정도를 고려한 수송능력 산정 알고리즘의 개발에 관한 연구
金龍河(Yong-Ha Kim),崔祥圭(Sang-Kyu Choi),李范(Byum Lee),趙成麟(Sung-rin Cho),吳錫賢(Seok-Hyun Oh),金東槿(Dong-keun Kim) 대한전기학회 2006 전기학회논문지A Vol.55 No.1
This paper presents a power transfer capability calculation algorithm considering transient stability. The theoretical development is straightforward: dynamic equations are converted to numerically equivalent algebraic equation and then integrated into the standard formulation for power transfer capability calculation. The proposed method is applied to IEEE-24 Reliability Test System and the results shows the effectiveness of the method.
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