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이종하,김혜숙,송인준,곽훈성 대한전자공학회 1995 전자공학회논문지-B Vol.b32 No.9
We present an optimized integer cosine transform(OICT) as an alternative approach to the conventional discrete cosine transform(DCT), and its fast computational algorithm. In the actual implementation of the OICT, we have used the techniques similar to those of the orthogonal integer transform(OIT). The normalization factors are approximated to single one while keeping the reconstruction error at the best tolerable level. By obtaining a single normalization factor, both forward and inverse transform are performed using only the integers. However, there are so many sets of integers that are selected in the above manner, the best OICT matrix obtained through value minimizing the Hibert-Schmidt norm and achieving fast computational algorithm. Using matrix decomposing, a fast algorithm for efficient computation of the order-8 OICT is developed, which is minimized to 20 integer multiplications. This enables us to implement a high performance 2-D DCT processor by replacing the floating point operations by the integer number operations. We have also run the simulation to test the performance of the order-8 OICT with the transform efficiency, maximum reducible bits, and mean square error for the Wiener filter. When the results are compared to those of the DCT and OIT, the OICT has out-performed them all. Furthermore, when the conventional DCT coefficients are reduced to 7-bit as those of the OICT, the resulting reconstructed images were critically impaired losing the orthogonal property of the original DCT. However, the 7-bit OICT maintains a zero mean square reconstruction error.
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이종하,김민환,고병이 대한안과학회 2019 대한안과학회지 Vol.60 No.7
Purpose: We evaluated the usefulness of the Tomey TMS-4N™ computerized videokeratoscopy (Tomey, Nagoya, Japan) for dry eye by analyzing the correlation between the regularity indices of TMS-4N™ and conventional dry eye parameters or dry eye severity. Methods: In this retrospective study, the medical records of 193 dry eye patients (386 eyes) were analyzed. The regularity indices of TMS-4N™ such as the surface asymmetry index (SAI), surface regularity index (SRI), potential visual acuity (PVA), and irregular astigmatism index (IAI) were compared with conventional dry eye parameters (corrected visual acuity [CVA], ocular surface disease index [OSDI] score, tear film break-up time [TBUT], corneal staining score [CFS], and Schirmer’s I test). We also analyzed correlations between the regularity indices of TMS-4N™ and dry eye severity according to the Korean Corneal Disease Study Group. Results: The regularity indices of TMS-4N™ such as SAI, SRI, PVA, and IAI increased according to the severity of dry eye. The regularity indices correlated significantly and positively with the CVA and CFS, but were significantly and negatively correlated with the TBUT. The OSDI score did not correlate with the regularity indices. Conclusions: The regularity indices of TMS-4N™ provide an objective method for follow-up as well as a means to measure the severity of dry eye disease. 목적: Tomey사의 TMS-4N™ 비디오각막경검사(Tomey, Nagoya, Japan)의 규칙성 지표들과 건성안의 기존 평가법들 및 건성안의 중증도와의 상관관계를 비교함으로써, 건성안 평가를 위한 비디오각막경검사의 가치를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: 본 후향적 연구에서 총 193명(386안)의 건성안환자들의 의무기록을 분석하였다. TMS-4N™의 규칙성 지표들인 surface asymmetry index (SAI), surface regularity index (SRI), potential visual acuity (PVA), irregular astigmatism index (IAI)와 교정시력, Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score, 눈물막파괴시간, 각막염색점수, 쉬르머 I 검사 결과를 비교하고, 한국각막질환연구회 분류에 따른 건성안 중증도와의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 결과: 규칙성 지표들인 SAI, SRI, PVA, IAI는 건성안의 중증도에 따라 증가하였다. 규칙성 지표들은 교정시력, 각막염색점수와는 유의한 양의 상관관계, 눈물막파괴시간검사와는 유의한 음의 상관관계를 보였다. OSDI score는 규칙성 지표들과 유의한 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. 결론: TMS-4N™의 규칙성 지표들은 건성안의 중증도 평가와 경과 관찰의 객관적인 방법으로 사용될 수 있으리라 생각한다.
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이종하,곽훈성 대한전자공학회 1994 전자공학회논문지-B Vol.b31 No.1
In this paper, we propose orthogonal integer transform(OIT) with general form. Considering the orthogonality and magnitude value order of the DCT Matrix whose performance is found to be close to that of the KLT, known to be optimal. The proposed OIT matrix is composed of values minimizing Hibert-Schmidt norm among integer values which satisfy the condition of orthogonality and the relative magnitudes of the DCT matrix. Comparing the OIT with the DCT, CMT, and ICT in error characteristics, transform efficiency, and maximum reducible bit, it is shown that the performance of the OIT compares more closely to that of the KLT relative to the performances of the DCT, CMT, and ICT when N=8.
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