백서에서 Depulpin^®과 Formocresol에 대한 치수와 치근단 조직의 반응

문형인,김선호,황윤찬,오병주,황인남,김선헌,정선와,윤창,오원만,Moon, Hyung-In,Kim, Sun-Ho,Hwang, Yun-Chan,Oh, Byung-Ju,Hwang, In-Nam,Kim, Sun-Hun,Jeong, Sun-Wa,Youn, Chang,Oh, Won-Mann 대한치과보존학회 2002 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.27 No.4

One fifth dilution of formocresol is usually used for pulpotomy of the primary teeth and emergency pulpotomy of the permanent teeth. However the use of formaldehyde has been subjected to criticism because it may be absorbed into the blood stream and become distributed systemically, it nay also alter the pulp tissue rendering it immunologically active, and have carcinogenic potential. Recently Depulpin$^{\circledR}$(VoCo., Germany) gains popularity as a devitalizing agent during root canal therapy in spite of high concentration of 49 % paraformaldehyde because it facilitate devitalization of pulp and make root canal therapy easier But there have been not enough publications about the reaction of pulp and periapical tissue caused by Depulpin. This study was performed to evaluate the histological changes in pulp and periapical tissue of rats after pulpotomy using formocresol and Depulpin and to elucidate the toxic effects of these agents. Thirty six Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of ketamine Maxillary first molar teeth were used for pulpotomy with formocresol and Depulpin. Rats were sacrificed after 2 days, 4 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks and 4 weeks respectively. Specimens were histologically observed by light microscope changes in pulp and periapical tissue. The obtained results were as follows. 1. Formocresol group A zone of fixed tissue. in which odontoblasts could clearly be defined, was present directly underneath the pulpotomy dressing in almost all teeth of this group. This was followed by an area of necrotic tissue which resembled dried out fibrous tissue with no cellular detail except some pyknotic nuclei. In the specimens of after 2 days, 4 days, 1 week, 2 weeks in which vital tissue was present, it was separated from the fibrous area by a zone of inflammation. In the specimens of after 3 weeks and after 4 weeks, inflammatory infiltrate was in the periodontal ligament adjacent to the apical foramina of the teeth. 2. Depulpin$^{\circledR}$ group The area of necrotic tissue which had no cells and fibers, was present adjacent to the dressing. This was followed by dried out fibrous tissue with no cellular details except some pyknotic nuclei, A short stump of vital pulp with odontoblasts was present at the end of the canal after 2 days. Inflammatory infiltrate was in the periodontal ligament after 4 days and after 1week. Severe root resolution and necrosis of periapical tissue opposite the root resorption site were defined after 2 weeks and after 3 weeks. Periapical lesion which consist of necrotic tissue surrounded by a fibrous connective wall, was found after 4 weeks. The results indicated that Depulpin can cause more adverse reaction to the dental pulp and periapical tissue than formocresol, and further studies are needed for its clinical use with safety.

화랑도(花郞徒) 신체운동(身體運動)에 있어서의 편역(遍歷)에 관한 연구(硏究)

황인남 ( In Nam Hwang ),유영철 ( Yiung Chul Yu ) 한국레져스포츠학회 2002 한국레저스포츠학회지 Vol.6 No.-

The purpose of thin study in to investigate the pilgrimage of physical activities in Hwarangdo. Conclusions one summariged as follow; 1. We know that the aim of the pilgrimage of a Hwarangdo on the basis of sunworship, was to train their physical and mental condition, travelling many splendid mountains and rivers. And we know that it was in change of a very important position in the sense of military affairs as well as playing and religious ritual. 2. In Hwarangdo, the aim of practice of the pilgrimage was to observe What the realities of the people`s live was, secretly to search for the movements of the enemy, and to stir up the courage of the people by mass training. Also it was practiced with the view of protecting the political and military security.

대학생의 지각된 여가능력이 여가심취도, 여가만족도, 생활만족도에 미치는 영향

박원임(Won Nim Park),문용(Yong Mun),황인남(In Nam Hwang),이한숙(Han Sook Lee),김현나(Hyun Na Kim) 한국여가레크리에이션학회 1996 한국여가레크리에이션학회지 Vol.13 No.-

The education in modern society is being asked developed human being of whole-educated man who is to seek harmonious growth of body and soul. It is obious thougth the leisure life related their each companions leisure activity that life features of a university student is most well shown. It is certern that time of leisure activity is unique one which university student in Korea for oneself can go to operate their life and free from environmental and situational stress. Perticulary, In the university life, companions leisure activity is to be opportunity which is build up experience filling up needs of self-growth adapted at the social and cultural role in the field of creative activity. It is deplored that Increasing leisure time isn`t used tea be correspond to leisure essential that Robert Huchinson warn, If man don`t destory oneself with automic bomb, man for oneself can be ruined by leisure coming from automic period and It is warned against anti-leisurization that Godbey insisted on that Even though leisure time coming into modern age increases, the true meaning leisure is going to disappear more and more, and spontaniously these situations were evidence to the contrary that cultivation of subjective leisure ability toward leisure is needed to learn the ropes in the school life preparing for a stage of social education. So, The objective of this study is to evaluate level of individual subjective leisure ability based on accomplishing smoothly leisure activity, and set free from obligation and restriction, take in efficiently influences of social, organizational and environmental constraints in pleasuring leisure time, devote in true self and value expression, and posse ability and attitude cultivating wothly life of a member of society for the future social life. According to perceived competence and control which is a central element of attributive theoretic analysis of leisure and recreation studied by Iso-Ahola(1980), this study is purposed to exemining closely a degree of influence extended to leisure and life satisfaction with sub-factors. As a result of searching casual relation among leisure ability, leisure involvement, leisure satisfaction and life satisfaction, perceived leisure competence and leisure control of university students are shown to effect directly and indirectly, but only indirect effect to life satisfaction. Also, leisure involvement and leisure satisfaction is testified to principle mediatied factors connected with leisure ability and life satisfaction of university students. As a result of analyzing correlation among whole factors, Leisure competence of university student is proved to correlating with very high leisure control(r=.653), leisure involvement(r=.317), and leisure satisfaction(r=.247), whereas, not correlated with life satisfaction(r=.047). Also, leisure control correlated with high leisure involvement(r=.277), leisure satisfaction(r=.187), but not correlated with life satisfaction(r=.033).

수종의 근관세척액과 Listerine^(R)의 항균성 비교 연구

김영훈,강민경,최은경,양소영,양인석,강인철,황윤찬,황인남,오원만,Kim, Young-Hun,Kang, Min-Kyung,Choi, Eun-Kyoung,Yang, So-Young,Yang, In-Seok,Kang, In-Chol,Hwang, Yun-Chan,Hwang, In-Nam,Oh, Won-Mann 대한치과보존학회 2009 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.34 No.6

본 연구는 여러 가지 근관세척액(NaOCl, CHX, EDTA)과 구강세정제로 사용되는 $Listerine^{(R)}$을 근관감염균주인 Porphyromonas gingivalis와 Enterococcus faecalis를 상대로 항균효과를 비교하고 $Listerine^{(R)}$이 근관세척액으로 사용가능한지를 확인하고자 시행하였다. 본 연구에서는 Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 3327과 Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212의 표준균주를 사용하였다. 실험을 위한 근관세척제로 0.1%, 0.2%, 1%, 2% Chlorhexidine(CHX)과 0.5%, 1%, 2.5%, 5.25% NaOCl, 0.5M EDTA(18.6% EDTA). 그리고 $Listerine^{(R)}$원액을 이용하였다. 항균효과의 비교는 액체배지상에서 균주의 혼탁도와 한천 확산법을 이용한 억제대 비교로 하였다. 모든 실험군은 대조군과 비교시 근관내 균주에 항균성을 나타냈다(p < 0.001). 모든 농도의 NaOCl, CHX, 그리고 EDTA는 실험균주에서 높은 항균성을 보였다. 모든 실험에서 $Listerine^{(R)}$은 다른 근관세척제에 비해 낮은 항균성을 보였다. 결론적으로, $Listerine^{(R)}$이 E. faecalis와 P. gingivalis에 대해 항균성을 보이나, 일반적으로 사용되는 근관세척 액에 비해서는 현저히 낮은 항균성을 나타냄으로 근관세척 액으로 사용은 적합하지 않음을 나타냈다. The purpose of this study is to compare the antibacterial effect of $Listerine^{(R)}$ on two microorganisms (P. gingivalis and E. faecalis) with various root canal irrigants (NaOCl, CHX, EDTA) and to identify possibility of using $Listerine^{(R)}$ as a root canal irrigant. Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 3327 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 were used in this experiment. For the test irrigants, 0.5%, 1%, 2.5%, 5.25% NaOCl, 0.1%, 0.2%, 1%, 2% CHX, 0.5M EDTA (18.6% EDTA) and $Listerine^{(R)}$ were prepared. Distiled water was used as control. Two methods-1) Comparison of turbidity in broth and 2) Agar diffusion test-were used to determine the extent of antibacterial effect of $Listerine^{(R)}$ and to compare it with that of NaOCl, CHX, and EDTA. All solutions tested were effective against two bacterial strains compared with control (p < 0.001). Any concentration of NaOCl, CHX, and EDTA showed similarly high effectiveness against all bacterial strains. In all experiment, $Listerine^{(R)}$ showed significantly low antibacterial effect compared with the other root canal irrigants (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the results reflect remarkably low antibacterial effect of $Listerine^{(R)}$ as compared with root canal irrigants in general so it is not suitable for the root canal irrigant.

Effects of RetroMTA on osteoblastic differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells

Hyo-Il Lee(이효일),Sung-Hyeon Choi(최성현),Ji-Hyun Jang(장지현),Hoon-Sang Chang(장훈상),Yun-Chan Hwang(황윤찬),In-Nam Hwang(황인남),Bin-Na Lee(이빈나),Won-Mann Oh(오원만) 대한치과재료학회 2018 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.45 No.2

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) provides a very good sealing, acceptable biocompatibility, dentin bridge formation and osteo-inductive effect. However, MTA has a few drawbacks. RetroMTA including calcium-zirconia complex has been developed to overcome drawbacks of MTA, especially long setting time and difficult handling characteristics. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of RetroMTA on biocompatibility, osteogenic differentiation and mineralization in MC3T3-E1 cells compared with conventional MTA. Cytotoxicity was assessed by WST-1 assay. The gene expression of osteogenic markers was detected by real-time PCR. ALP activity and mineralization behavior were evaluated using ALP and alizarin red staining. There was no statistically significant difference between ProRoot MTA and RetroMTA with material extracts at dilutions of 1/4, 1/10 and 1/50 in cell viability assay. Expression of osteogenic markers in both ProRoot MTA and RetroMTA groups was significantly higher than in control group. In the mineralization assay, RetroMTA showed significantly higher formation of mineralized nodules than in control. In conclusion, RetroMTA promotes osteogenic differentiation and potential mineralization. It appears to be a potential alternative to ProRoot MTA as a root-end filling material.

정보화 사회의 여가교육

황인남(In Nam Hwang),이진희(Jin Hee Lee) 한국여가레크리에이션학회 1998 한국여가레크리에이션학회지 Vol.15 No.-

The purpose of this study is to suggest leisure education for developing right personality and healthy life behavior. Therefore we concluded that leisure education would be transformed following like this. First of all people must have the knowledge about the importance and specific of leisure which always lives in human life. Therefore people would be made to have leisure concept as positivity. Second as a leisure education people have to learn the knowledge connected with computer which would be able to exchange the data each other. Third using on-line data base system, leisure program have to be developed as multi-cultural and multi-valuable.

다른 색상의 복합레진 적층 수복이 표면 색상에 미치는 영향

황인남(In-Nam Hwang),박수정(Su-Jeong Park),김상원(Sang-Won Kim),김태건(Tae-Geon Kim),염철만(Cheol-Man Youm),조선정(Seon-Jeong Cho),황윤찬(Yun-Chan Hwang),박영준(Yeong-Joon Park),오원만(Won-Mann Oh) 대한치과재료학회 2003 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.30 No.3

간접 복합레진 수복의 이론과 실제

황인남(In-Nam Hwang),장지현(Ji-Hyun Jang) 대한치과의사협회 2012 대한치과의사협회지 Vol.50 No.7

The demand for tooth-colored restorations has grown considerably during the last decade. Posterior composite restorations have risen in popularity as a result of the development of improved resin composites, bonding systems and operating techniques. A major limitation of direct composite restoration is the difficulty of controlling the polymerization shrinkage. To overcome this limitation, the indirect fabrication of a composite restoration and cementation with resin cement has been advocated. Unfortunately, the current available resin cements with indirect restorations do not always bond to dentin as strongly as dentin adhesive systems bond with direct resin composite restorations. Several procedural strategies have been proposed for indirect composite restoration. In this regard, the rationale for the indication, characteristics and clinical application is described in this paper. As a result, we will try to suggest the evidence-based guidelines for indirect composite restorations by reviewing each available indirect composite products, technical procedure and pronosis.

서울시 댄스스포츠 보급실태에 관한 연구

김현나(Hyun Na Kim),황인남(In Nam Hwang) 한국여가레크리에이션학회 1999 한국여가레크리에이션학회지 Vol.17 No.-

The purpose of this study was investigate present condition of the DanceSport(DS) by researching wards and universities` DS lectures in Seoul arid internal DS associations. The results were as follows: First, DS lectures were executed with 13 over total 25 wards in 1999. The growth of the DS lectures was extended 54% for last year. And they become to specialize and charge. Second, 17 universities opened DS lectures. It is estimated 55% of investigated target, 31 universities. Opened Lectures were as liberal art in 9, as major in 3, 4 universities opened lecture as liberal art and major. Third, main associations of DS were Korea Association of education of DanceSport (KAEDS), Korea DanceSport Federation(KDF) and Korea DanceSport Council(KDC), They held lots of DS championships to select the excellent DS atheletes and courses for teacher and the mass of people.

ProTaper^TM로 근관성형시 회전 속도 변화가 근관형태에 미치는 영향

서민철,전윤정,강인철,김동준,황윤찬,황인남,오원만,Seo, Min-Chul,Jeon, Yoon-Jeong,Kang, In-Chol,Kim, Dong-Jun,Hwang, Yun-Chan,Hwang, In-Nam,Oh, Won-Mann 대한치과보존학회 2006 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.31 No.3

본 연구는 엔진 구동형 Ni-Ti 파일인 $ProTaper^{TM}$를 이용하여 좁고 만곡된 근관 형태를 가지는 레진 모형상에서 회전 속도를 변화시켰을 때 근관 형태 변화에 대해 비교 분석하기 위해 시행되었다. 16 mm의 작업장 길이를 갖는 40개의 기성품 레진 블록을 엔진 구동형 Ni-Ti파일인 $ProTaper^{TM}$를 사용하여 회전 속도를 제외하고 제조자의 지시에 따라 크라운다운법으로 근관 성형하였다. 연구에 사용된 회전 속도는 250 rpm, 300 rpm, 350 rpm, 400 rpm이었으며, 근첨부 성형은 #25 파일 크기인 F2로 시행하였다. 근관 성형 전 후 이미지를 스캐너를 이용하여 얻었고, Photoshop 7.0 프로그램을 이용하여 중첩하였다. 이미지 분석 프로그램을 이용하여 치근단 쪽에서부터 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 및 8 mm부위의 내 외측 폭경 변화와 총폭경 및 근관의 중심축에 대한 근관 변위를 측정하였다. 각 부위에서 내 외측 폭경과 총폭경 및 근관의 중심축에 대한 근관 변위의 유의성 검정을 위해 one-way ANOVA분석을 시행하였으며, 각 기구간의 유의성 검정은 Scheffe's test로 사후 분석하였다. 또한 근관 성형 시간 기구의 변형과 파절 여부를 평가하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 본 실험에 이용된 회전속도로 근관성형시 회전 속도와 관계없이 치근첨에서 2 mm부위까지는 만곡의 외측으로 변위되고, $3{\sim}6mm$부위에서는 만곡의 내측으로 변위 되었다. 근첨에서 5 mm와 6 mm 부위를 제외하고 근관의 중심축에 대한 근관 변위는 통계적으로 유의성이 없었다. 2. 350 rpm, 400 rpm의 경우 250 rpm, 300 rpm에 비해 더 짧은 시간이 걸렸다. (p<0.01). 이상의 결과는 엔진 구동형 Ni-Ti파일인 $ProTaper^{TM}$를 사용하여 $250{\sim}400rpm$의 회전속도로 근관 성형시 근관 형태를 잘 유지하며, 빠른 회전 속도로 성형시 작업 시간도 줄일 수 있지만, 속도가 빨라지면 파일의 파절이 일어날 수 있으므로 주의해야 함을 시사한다. This study was conducted to evaluate canal configuration after shaping by $ProTaper^{TM}$ with various rotational speed in J-shaped simulated resin canals. Forty simulated root canals were divided into 4 groups, and instrumented using by $ProTaper^{TM}$ at the rotational speed of 250, 300, 350 and 400 rpm. Pre-instrumented and post-instrumented images were taken by a scanner and those were superimposed. Outer canal width, inner canal width, total canal width, and amount of transportation from original axis were measured at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 mm from apex. Instrumentation time, instrument deformation and fracture were recorded. Data were analyzed by means of one-way ANOVA followed by Scheffe's test. The results were as follows 1. Regardless of rotational speed, at the $1{\sim}2mm$ from the apex, axis of canal was transported to outer side of a curvature, and at 3~6 mm from the apex, to inner side of a curvature. Amounts of transportation from original axis were not sienifcantly different among experimental groups except at 5 and 6 mm from the apex. 2. Instrumentation time of 350 and 400 rpm was significantly less than that of 250 and 300 rpm (p<0.01). In conclusion the rotational speed of $ProTaper^{TM}$ files in the range of $250{\sim}400rpm$ does not affect the change of canal configuration, and high rotational speed reduces the instrumentation time. However appearance of separation and distortion of Ni-Ti rotary files can occur in high rotational speed.