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최홍복,황경엽,신응배 ( Hong Bok Choi,Kyung Yub Hwang,Eung Bai Shin ) 한국물환경학회 1996 한국물환경학회지 Vol.12 No.4
The effect of sludge pretreatment on the anaerobic digestion of waste-activated sludge(WAS) was studied. In this sludge pretreatment process, bacteria in the WAS were ruptured by mechanical jet and smash under pressurized conditions. The protein concentrations in the WAS varied significantly before and after pretreatment. Protein concentration increased according to jet times and pressure. Efficiencies of volatile solids(VS) removal were 40∼45% when the pretreated WAS once under pressure of 30 bar was fed into an anaerobic digester with 4-day hydraulic retention time(input organic loading, 2. 95 ㎏ VS/㎥.d). When intact WAS was fed into the digester, WAS was not digested efficiently even with a longer hydraulic retention time(10 days). Therefore, it is recognized that higher digestion efficiencies and stabilization of the WAS were obtained through a mechanical pretreatment of WAS.
장기 운전에 의한 펄스 유동식 혐기성 Biofilter 의 고농도 유기 폐수 처리 특성 연구
김동진,선용호,황경엽 ( Dong Jin Kim,Yong Ho Seon,Kyung Yub Hwang ) 한국화학공학회 1994 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.32 No.4
A new pulsewise fluidized bioreactor(biofilter) which uses immobilized microorganisms was developed for the effective biological treatment of high concentration organic wastewater. The content in the biofilter was mixed by the turbulence generated by the falling wastewater which has potential energy. Polyurethane foams were used for the support of microorganisms. In order to test the effect of mixing in the Biofilter pulse was off for 24 days during the experiment. When the pulse was off, the Biofilter performance was reduced dramatically. When the raw wastewater was introduced to the Biofilter without neutralization, COD removal efficiency and biogas generation rate were almost the same in the case of neutralization. During the 400 days experiment wastewater residence time was varied from 15 day to 1 day and soluble COD removals were 90-97%. In terms of COD load polyurethane foams showed 27 ㎏ COD/㎥·d with 90% soluble COD removal. This biofilter showed more than 15 times performance in COD removal than conventional anaerobic digestion. In spite of non-neutralizing the influent wastewater the reactor kept stable operation without disturbing the performance.
혼합 계면활성제에 적용된 각종 첨가제가 토양세척 효율에 미치는 영향
최상일,장민,황경엽,류두현,Choi, Sang-Il,Jang, Min,Hwang, Kyung-Yub,Ryoo, Doo-Hyun 한국지하수토양환경학회 1998 지하수토양환경 Vol.3 No.1
계면활성제에 의해 형성되는 미셀의 바깥층에 전기적인 영향을 주는 전해질과 미셀의 구조 자체를 변화시키는 유기물질 단량체를 첨가제로 각종 혼합 계면활성제 용액에 적용함으로써 토양세척 효율에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 혼합 계면활성제[$POE_5$/SDS] 및 NaCl을 첨가농도를 변화시키면 용액의 표면장력과 CMC 값을 측정하여 세척효율과의 상관 관계를 규명하고, 세척효율이 상승되는 혼합 계면활성제와 NaCl의 최적 혼합조건을 도출하고자 하였다. 실험 결과, 0.01M의 NaCl이 첨가될 때가 NaCl을 넣지 않았을 때보다 $POE_5$의 혼합 농도비가 80%까지 증가됨에 따라 세척효율이 비례적으로 증가하였으며, $POE_5$/SDS(80%/20%) 3%용액 적용시 90%의 높은 세척효율을 나타내었다. 반면 비이온계 계면활성제인 $POE_5$ 단일 성분 수용액에 대한 NaCl의 영향은 극히 미미하였다. SDS 단일 성분 수용액에 대한 CMC값은 0.049% 로 $POE_5$ 단일 성분 수용액에 대한 CMC값인 0.016%보다 높지만, 혼합 게면활성제의 CMC값은 $POE_5$의 혼합 농도비가 증가됨에 따라 감소되는 경향을 나타내었다. 유기물질 단량체인 알코올류는 탄화수소 사슬의 길이가 길수록, 직쇄형보다는 가지형이 토양세척용 첨가제로 적합하였다. To enhance the washing efficiency of soil polluted by hydrophobic organic compounds, the effects of electrolytes and monomeric organic additives on micelle formation and washing efficiency of mixed surfactant solutions were investigated in this study. The surface tensions and critical micelle concentrations(CMCs) of the single and mixed surfactant solutions[$POE_5$/SDS] supplemented by NaCl were measured to investigate the effects on washing efficiency, and the composition ratios of surfactants and NaCl were optimized for the efficient soil washing system. As the mixing ratio of $POE_5$/SDS was increased to 80%, the mixed surfactant with 0.01M NaCl showed more proportional increase of washing efficiency than the mixed surfactant without any salts. The 3% solution of $POE_5$ and SDS(80%/2o%) with 0.01M NaCl showed the washing efficiency of 90%. However, the washing efficiency was not enhanced by NaCl addition to the single surfactant solution of $POE_5$. The CMC of SDS(0.049%) was higher than that of $POE_5$(0.016%), but the CMCs of mixed surfactants were decreased as the mixing ratio of $POE_5$ was increased. Alcohols having longer chain and branched carbon chain were found to be desirable for the soil washing additives.
고농도 유기 폐수 처리를 위한 펄스 유동식 혐기성 Biofilter 의 설계 및 시운전
김동진,선용호,황경엽 ( Dong Jin Kim,Yong Ho Seon,Kyung Yub Hwang ) 한국화학공학회 1994 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.32 No.4
A new bioreactor(biofilter) which uses immobilized microorganisms was developed for the biological treatment of high concentration organic wastewater. Polyurethane foams with carbon black were used for the support of microorganisms. The content in the biofilter is mixed by the turbulence generated by the falling wastewater which has potential energy. During the 100 days experiment wastewater residence time was varied from 15 day to 1.5 day and soluble COD removals were 86-95%. In terms of COD load polyurethane foams showed 11 ㎏COD/㎥·d, with 90% COD removal. This biofilter showed more than 10 times performance in COD removal than conventional anaerobic digestion.
서형석,나인욱,황경엽,신현철,김범석,유영석,So Hyungsuk,Nah In-Wook,Hwang Kyung-Yub,Shin Hyun Chul,Kim Beom-Suk,Yoo Yeong-Seok 한국지하수토양환경학회 2005 지하수토양환경 Vol.10 No.1
Potential for measuring mobile cadmium concentration in sandy soil using polymer magnetic beads with carboxyl groups was investigated. Experiments for extracting cadmium were performed with contaminated soils, de-ionized water and magnetic beads. In this neutral experimental condition, reacting cadmium with magnetic beads indicate total amount of cadmium that can be moved in soil. The results showed that the mobile fraction of cadmium in soil could be combined with magnetic beads in short time. After binding between cadmium and magnetic beads, the beads were separated from soil suspension by outer magnetic force. The bound cadmium was dissolved from magnetic beads by acid solutions, which were then analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). This method can determine mobile heavy metals in sandy soil effectively than existing method which use pollutant chemicals to environments such as EDTA. 카르복실기가 결합된 고분자 자성체 (Magnetic beads)를 이용하여 토양에 함유되어 있는 유동성 카드뮴의 분석 가능성을 알아보았다. 추출실험은 채취된 오염토양을 통하여 행하여 졌는데, 추출실험재료로는 단지 토양시료, 증류수 그리고 고분자 자성체만이 사용되었다. pH가 중성인 이 조건에서 자성체는 토양에서 이동성이 있는 카드뮴만을 추출하게 되는데, 이런 토양의 유동성 카드뮴이 교반을 통하여 빠르게 고분자 자성체와 결합하는 것을 알아냈다. 그 후 자성체는 외부 자력으로 모아져 산으로 용해되고, 자성체에 결합되어 있던 카드뮴 다시 용출되어 Graphite furnace 원자흡광기 (AAS)로 분석되었다. 3가지 모래성토양의 추출실험결과를 보면 토양의 유동성 중금속 농도를 분석할 때 전형적으로 사용하는 EDTA (Ethylendiamintetraacetic acid)와 비교할 때, 고분자 자성체를 이용한 효율이 비슷하거나 더 높았음을 알 수 있었다. 이로서 모래성토양에서 유동성 중금속 농도를 분석할 때, 난분해성 물질인 EDTA등을 사용하지 않고 더 정확하고 간단히 유동성 카드뮴의 분석실험을 수행할 수 있음을 보여주었다.