대한제국기 일본차관 교섭과 그 성격(1898~1904)

홍준화(Hong Joon-hwa) 고려사학회 2010 한국사학보 Vol.- No.38

大韓帝國期 借款교섭 失敗의 원인분석 : 韓美借款교섭을 중심으로

홍준화(Hong Joon-hwa) 고려사학회 2002 한국사학보 Vol.- No.13

관상동맥 우회로술후 이식편 협착 및 폐쇄를 유발하는 위험인자의 분석

홍준화 ( Joon Hwa Hong ),임홍석 ( Hong Seok Lim ),최진욱 ( Jin Wook Choi ),박인덕 ( In Duk Park ),이철주 ( Cheol Joo Lee ) 대한내과학회 2007 대한내과학회지 Vol.73 No.3

Background: Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery has been a main treatment modality of ischemic heart disease since Sabiston reported the first CABG operation using a saphenous vein graft in 1963. However, graft stenosis that happens after CABG surgery is one of the main limitations of the procedure. We investigated risk factors that are related to graft stenosis and occlusion in patients that needed a coronary angiogram after CABG surgery. Methods: From May 1995 to April 2004, we performed 348 CABG surgeries. Among them, we performed follow up coronary angiogram for 45 patients because of clinical indications, corresponding to 146 graft vessels. According to the angiography findings, patients with 27 graft vessels that showed stenosis or occlusion were defined as group S and patients with 119 graft vessels that showed no stenosis or occlusion were defined as group P. Results: The mean patient age of group S is 59.44 (±8.549) years and the mean patient age of group P is 57.99 (±8.676) years. Group P patients had more stenotic native coronary arteries than group S patients, which is statistically significant (80.0±7.2% vs. 68.0±11.9%, p=0.005). Group S patients had a statistically significant lower postoperative HDL level than the level of the group P patients (40.4±15.9 mg/dL vs. 50.5±4.4 mg/dL, p=0.002). Conclusions: When performing CABG surgery and postoperative patient management, the severity of native coronary artery stenosis and the postoperative HDL level should be considered for better patient outcome.(Korean J Med 73:293-298, 2007)

雲南 · 大韓신디케이트차관과 열강의 개입(1901~1902)

홍준화(Hong Joon-hwa) 고려사학회 2007 한국사학보 Vol.- No.28

1901년 4월16자로 대한제국은 운남신디케이트와 5백만원 차관계약을 체결하였다. 차관명목은 화폐개혁 · 평양광산 채굴이었다. 이 계약은 한반도의 안정과 독립 유지를 위해 러시아와 일본 외의 제3국과 우호적인 관계를 맺고자 했던 대한제국의 외교방침에도 부합하는 것이었다. 그러나 계약은 실행되지 못하고 파기되었다. 본고는 이 같은 사례연구를 통해 개항기 차관의 성격을 규명하는데 일조하고자 한다. 운남신디케이트 차관은 이자율과 커미션이 높은 고리대 자본이었다. 여타 계약조건도 신디케이트의 편익을 우선하였다. 비공식적인 차관대부의 조건은 광산채굴권이었다. 무엇보다 문제가 되었던 것은 열강들의 방해였다. 영국과 일본은 해관세 담보로 해관에 대한 기득권을 잃게 되고, 프랑스 세력을 배후로 러시아세력이 강화되는 것을 우려하였다. 러시아는 만주문제가 해결될 때까지 조선에서 러 · 일 경쟁이라는 현 상태가 유지되기를 원했기 때문에 제 3국인 프랑스세력 확대가 달갑지 않았다. 따라서 계약체결을 하지 못하도록 이용익을 압박하였지만 성공하지 못하였다. 미국공사알렌은 자국의 해관세 담보 수도 사업 등에 피해가 올 것을 걱정하였다. 열강들은 차관도입을 저지할 명분이 없었지만 이를 방해하기 위해 다양한 조치를 취하였다. 우선 영국과 일본은 알현을 통해 차관으로 인한 주변 열강과의 마찰을 경고하였다. 이용익의 해고를 요구하는가 하면 일본망명자 문제를 빌미로 정치적 압박을 가하였다. 그리고 해관세를 다른 용도로 지출시켜 투자자들의 의욕을 감소시켰다. 운남신디케이트의 권한을 이양받은 대한신디케이트는 계약위반을 운운하며 광산채굴권을 요구하였다. 설상가상으로 영 · 일 동맹 체결은 한반도 의 안보불안을 높여주어 해외은행들은 투자를 꺼리게 되었다. 열강의 집요한 방해공세에 고종은 파약을 고려하게 되었다. 이처럼 차관계약은 광산 · 해관 등을 둘러싼 열강간의 이권경쟁, 만주 · 한반도를 둘러싼 러 · 일간 세력권 확보 문제, 외세의 압력에 취약한 대한 제국의 문제 등이 얽히면서 실행되지 못하였다.

폐경 전 여성에서 혈청 비타민 D 농도와 인슐린 저항성에 관한 연구

이지혜(Ji-Hye Lee),홍준화(Jun-Hwa Hong),김현진(Hyun-Jin Kim),박강서(Kang-Seo Park),이재민(Jae Min Lee),김병준(Byung-Joon Kim),안규정(Kyu-Jeung Ahn),정비오(Bi O Jeong),김성환(Sung-Hwan Kim),이성규(Seong-Kyu Lee) 동아시아식생활학회 2009 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.19 No.5

Vitamin D levels have been reported to be associated with diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome. There have been studies on the nutritional status of vitamin D in postmenopausal women at Seoul and premenopausal women at Busan, and these studies showed that nearly no relationship between serum vitamin D levels and the obesity index existed. However, there have been no studies that examined about the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and insulin resistance in Korea. In this study, we investigated serum vitamin D levels and the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance), obesity index (body mass index, percentage of body fat and waist circumference) in 180 premenopausal women (non-obese women 87.8%, obese women 12.2%) in spring (March~April), fall (September~October) and winter (January~February) at Daejeon. Serum vitamin D levels were lower in winter than in spring-fall, after adjusting for age and the obesity index. The frequency of vitamin D inadequacy (serum vitamin D levels were ≤ 20 ng/mL) was 45.5% in winter and, 23.5% in spring-fall, and which showed that vitamin D inadequacy was higher in winter than in spring-fall. Multiple regression analysis showed that serum vitamin D levels had no relationship with the obesity index or insulin resistance. There was no difference in the obesity index or insulin resistance between the vitamin D inadequacy and normal group, and there was no relationship between serum vitamin D levels and the obesity index or insulin resistance in non-obese and obese premenopausal women, respectively. In conclusion, serum vitamin D levels in premenopausal women at Daejeon were lower in winter than in spring-fall, and the frequency of vitamin D inadequacy was higher in winter than in spring-fall. Serum vitamin D levels had no relationship with the obesity index or insulin resistance in premenopausal women, most of whom were not obese.

신이식 후 거대세포바이러스 감염을 동반한 감염성 심내막염

홍문기 ( Moon Ki Hong ),김도형 ( Do Hyoung Kim ),김채림 ( Chae Rim Kim ),홍준화 ( Joon Hwa Hong ),김미경 ( Mi Kyung Kim ),김수현 ( Su Hyun Kim ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회지 Vol.86 No.5

Advances in immunosuppressive therapy have increased the survival of kidney transplant recipients, yet suppression of the immune system after transplantation can promote infectious complications. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection remains one of the most important complications following kidney transplantation and it is a risk factor for developing superinfections with other organisms. Aspergillus endocarditis is a rare life-threatening complication in kidney transplantation. Coinfection of CMV and Aspergillus endocarditis is rare worldwide and has not been reported in Korea. We report a case of Aspergillus endocarditis that developed in a patient with CMV infection after kidney transplantation. His clinical condition did not improve despite mitral valve replacement and empirical antibiotic treatment, but he was eventually treated successfully with antifungal agents for 6 weeks. (Korean J Med 2014;86:627-631)

폐절제술후 발생한 합병증 및 사망률에 대한 후향적 고찰

문광덕,이철주,김영진,최호,김정태,강준규,홍준화,Moon, Kwang-Deok,Lee, Cheol-Joo,Kim, Young-Jin,Choi, Ho,Kim, Jung-Tae,Kang, Joon-Kyu,Hong, Joon-Hwa 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 2000 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.33 No.4

Background: A retrospectiye study was done for understanding morbidity and mortality after major lung resection. Material and Method: From June 1994 to August 1998, 203 patients received major lung resections for various causes. There were 142 males and 62 females with a mean age of 47.5 years. Initial complains were cough in 47.8%, sputum in 33.0%, hemoptysis or blood-tinged sputum in 23.2%, dyspnea in 18.2%, chest pain in 15.3%, weight loss in 10.8%, fever and chill in 4.9%. There were no complaints in 5.9% of the total patients. The underlying diseases were lung tumor(102 cases/50.2%), bronchectasis(28 cases/13.8%), aspergillosis(24 cases/1.8%), tuberculosis(20 cases/9.9%) and others (29 cases/66.5%) and pneumonectomy(68 cases/33.5%). The postoperative complications were classified as : empyema, BPF, respiratory problem, persistent air leakage over 7 days, arrhythmia, ventilator applied over 24 hours, bleeding, wound infection and chylothorax. The postlobectomy complications were revealed as follow: empyema(3.7%), BPF(2.2%), respiratory problem(5.2%), persistent air leakage over 7days(8.9%), arrhythmia(2.2%), ventilator applied over 24 hours(2.2%), bleeding(1.5%), wound infection(2.9%), chylothorax(0.7%). The postpneumonectomy complications were revealed as follow : empyema(5.9%), BPF (5.9%), respiratory problem(17.6%), persistent air leakage over 7days(0%), arrhythmia(5.4%), ventialtor apply over 24 hours(7.4%), bleeding (7.4%), wound infection(2.9%) and chylothorax(1.5%). Reoperation was done in 8 cases (4.0%). There were 5.8% operative mortalities in pneumonectomy and 0.7% in lobectomy.

Mn-Mo-Ni 계 저합금강과 열재현 HAZ 의 파괴특성

김상호(Sang Ho Kim),이성학(Sung Hak Lee),임영록(Young Roc Im),이후철(Hu Chul Lee),김성준(Sung Joon Kim),홍준화(Jun Hwa Hong) 대한금속재료학회 ( 구 대한금속학회 ) 2002 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.40 No.9

This study is concerned with the effect of alloying elements on mechanical and fracture properties of Mn-Mo-Ni low alloy steels and their heat affected zones (HAZ`s). Three kinds of steels whose composition were varied from the composition specification of SA 508 steel (Grade 3) were fabricated by vacuum-induction melting and heat-treatment, and their mechanical and fracture properties were examined. ASTM E1921 standard test method was employed to measure fracture toughness in the transition temperature region of the steels. As C content decreased and Mo and Ni contents increased, the amount of fine M2C carbides was greatly increased, while that of coarse cementites was decreased, thereby leading to the improvement of tensile and fracture properties. Brittle martensite-austenite constituents were also formed in these steels during cooling, but did not deteriorate fracture toughness because they were decomposed to ferrite and fine carbides after tempering. Their simulated heat affected zones also had sufficient impact toughness after post-weld heat-treatment. These findings suggested that the low-alloy steels with high strength and toughness could be designed by decreasing C and Mn contents and by increasing Mo and Ni contents.

폐암의 병기결정에 있어서 컴퓨터 단층촬영(CT)과 감마 카메라를 이용한 양전자방출 단층촬영(PET)의 민감도와 특이도의 비교연구

문광덕,이철주,김영진,최호,김정태,강준규,홍준화,박찬희,윤석남 아주대학교 의과학연구소 1999 아주의학 Vol.4 No.1

A retrospective study was undertaken to compare sensitivities and speciticities of computed tomography (CT) scan and radiolabeled glucose analog ^(18)F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) camera based positron emission tomography (PET). Nine patients with lung cancer who underwent preoperative CT and ^(18)F-FDG coincidence PET scanning were evaluated retrospectively. Imaging studies were read prospecdvely and blinded to the surgical and pathologic data. The final diagnosis was established by histopathologic examination at thoracotomy. CT was accurate in 7 patients (77.8%), with understaging in 1 patient and overstaging in 1 patient. In detection of locally advanced disease (N2/N3), the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 50%, 85.7%, 50% and 85.7%, respectively. On the other hand, ^(18)F-FDG-PET was accurate in 8 patients (88.9%), with overstaging in 1 patient and without any understaging. In detection of locally advanced disease (N2/N3), the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 100%, 85.7%, 66.7% and 100%, respectively. ^(18)F-FDG-PET was significantly more accurate than CT in lymph node staging of lung cancer. The high negative predictive value of FDG-PET could reduce a need for invasive surgical staging (ISS).