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Error Feedback을 이용한 blind 알고리즘의 고속 DFE Equalizer의 설계
홍주형,박원흠,선우명훈,오성근,Hong Ju H.,Park Weon H.,Sunwoo Myung H.,Oh Seong K. 대한전자공학회 2005 電子工學會論文誌-TC (Telecommunications) Vol.42 No.8
본 논문에서는 Blind 채널 등화를 위한 error feedback 필터를 갖는 Decision Feedback Equalizer(DFE) 구조의 등화기를 설계하였다. 제안하는 등화기는 Least Mean Square(LMS) 알고리즘과 Multi-Modulus Agorithm(MMA)을 이용하였으며 64/256 QAM을 위해 설계되었다. 기존의 MMA 등화기는 두개의 transversal 필터를 이용하거나 feedforward와 feedback 필터를 이용하는 반면에 제안하는 등화기는 feedforward와 feedback 그리고 error feedback 필터를 사용하여 채널 적응 성능을 향상시켰으며 탭 수를 감소시켰다. 제안하는 구조는 $SPW^{TM}$ 툴을 이용 시뮬레이션을 수행하여 성능을 개선시킬 수 있었다. 그리고 VHDL을 이용해 시뮬레이션을 수행하였으며 논리 합성은 0.25um 셀 라이브러리를 이용하였다. 설계한 등화기는 약 19만 게이트 수와 15MHz의 동작속도를 보였다 또한 FPGA 칩을 내장한 이뮬레이션 보드를 사용하여 성능 검증을 수행하였다. This paper proposes a Decision Feedback Equalizer (DFT) with an error feedback filter for blind channel equalization. The proposed equalizer uses Least Mean Square(LMS) Algorithm and Multi-Modulus Algorithm (MMA), and has been designed for 64/256 QAM constellations. The existing MMA equalizer uses either two transversal filters or feedforward and feedback filers, while the proposed equalizer uses feedforward, feedback and error feedback filters to improve the channel adaptive performance and to reduce the number of taps. The proposed equalizer has been simulated using the $SPW^{TM}$ tool and it shows performance improvement. It has been modeled by VHDL and logic synthesis has been performed using the $0.25\;\mu m$ Faraday CMOS standard cell library. The total number of gates is about 190,000 gates. The proposed equalizer operates at 15 MHz. In addition, FPGA vertification has been performed using FPGA emulation board.
TP 케이블을 이용하는 이더넷 수신기를 위한 디지털 신호 처리부 설계
홍주형,선우명훈,Hong, Ju-Hyung,SunWoo, Myung-Hoon 한국통신학회 2007 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.32 No.8a
본 논문에서는 TP 케이블을 이용하여 100Mbps의 전송 속도를 지원하는 100Base-TX Ethernet 수신기의 디지털 신호 처리부를 제안하였다. 제안하는 디지털 신호 처리부는 자동 이득 조절기, 심볼 동기 복원기, 적응 등화기, BLW 보정기로 구성되어 있으며 초기 위상에 상관없이 150m까지 $10^{-12}BER$이하의 성능을 보였다. 제안하는 신호 처리부는 일부 블록을 제외한 모든 부분을 디지털로 구현하였으며 적응 등화기와 BLW 보정기 연동 구조는 기존의 적응 등화기 에러 값을 이용하는 구조에 비하여 MSE가 약 1dB정도의 성능 향상을 가져왔다. 설계한 디지털 신호 처리부는 Verilog-HDL로 구현되었으며 삼성 $0.18{\mu}m$ 라이브러리를 사용하여 합성 결과 동작 속도는 7.01ns 이며 총 게이트 수는 128.528 게이트였다. This paper presents the digital signal processing submodule of a 100Base-TX Ethernet receiver to support 100Mbps at TP cable channel. The proposed submodule consists of programmable gain controller, timing recovery, adaptive equalizer and baseline wander compensator. The measured Bit Error Rate is less than $10^{-12}BER$ when continuously receiving data up to 150m. The proposed signal processing submodule is implemented in digital circuits except for PLL and amplifier. The performance improvement of the proposed equalizer and BLW compensator is measured about 1dB compared with the existing architecture that removes BLW using errors of an adaptive equalizer. The architecture has been modeled using Verilog-HDL and synthesized using samsung $0.18{\mu}m$ cell library. The implemented digital signal processing submodule operates at 142.7 MHz and the total number of gates are about 128,528.
Ciprofloxacin 약제에 내성을 보이는 대장균에 의한 소아 요로감염: 위험 인자 분석
홍주형,유지숙,이길호 대한비뇨의학회 2009 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.50 No.12
urpose: Previous exposure to fluoroquinolone is an important risk factor for acquiring resistant strains of microorganisms. However, the mechanisms of fluoroquinolone resistance in Escherichia coli from pediatric patients with urinary tract infection (UTI) are not well defined because fluoroquinolone prescription for children is not permitted around the world. We investigated the risk factors for ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli isolates from the urine of pediatric patients with UTI. Materials and Methods: Data from 72 patients who showed ≥105 E. coli colony-forming units in urine culture were retrospectively collected from a university hospital between June 2006 and June 2009. The minimum inhibitory concentration of ciprofloxacin resistance was determined by the agar dilution method on Mueller-Hinton agar. Results: The rates of E. coli resistance to ciprofloxacin, cefazolin, ampicillin, co-trimoxazole, and fosfomycin were 8.3%, 20.8%, 77.7%, 25%, and 0%, respectively. Differences in sex, age intervals, and previous antimicrobial use in recent years were significantly associated with ciprofloxacin resistance, whereas admission level, the presence of fever, and the type of UTI were not. In addition, female gender, previous antimicrobial use, and older age significantly increased the risk for ciprofloxacin resistance in a univariate analysis. Only co-trimoxazole resistance was positively associated with ciprofloxacin resistance, whereas resistance to other antimicrobials was not. Conclusions: Even though the incidence was not high, ciprofloxacin resistance was found in E. coli from pediatric UTIs. Because the characteristics of ciprofloxacin resistance in pediatric patients are not well defined, further study of the mechanism of acquiring ciprofloxacin resistance in children is needed. urpose: Previous exposure to fluoroquinolone is an important risk factor for acquiring resistant strains of microorganisms. However, the mechanisms of fluoroquinolone resistance in Escherichia coli from pediatric patients with urinary tract infection (UTI) are not well defined because fluoroquinolone prescription for children is not permitted around the world. We investigated the risk factors for ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli isolates from the urine of pediatric patients with UTI. Materials and Methods: Data from 72 patients who showed ≥105 E. coli colony-forming units in urine culture were retrospectively collected from a university hospital between June 2006 and June 2009. The minimum inhibitory concentration of ciprofloxacin resistance was determined by the agar dilution method on Mueller-Hinton agar. Results: The rates of E. coli resistance to ciprofloxacin, cefazolin, ampicillin, co-trimoxazole, and fosfomycin were 8.3%, 20.8%, 77.7%, 25%, and 0%, respectively. Differences in sex, age intervals, and previous antimicrobial use in recent years were significantly associated with ciprofloxacin resistance, whereas admission level, the presence of fever, and the type of UTI were not. In addition, female gender, previous antimicrobial use, and older age significantly increased the risk for ciprofloxacin resistance in a univariate analysis. Only co-trimoxazole resistance was positively associated with ciprofloxacin resistance, whereas resistance to other antimicrobials was not. Conclusions: Even though the incidence was not high, ciprofloxacin resistance was found in E. coli from pediatric UTIs. Because the characteristics of ciprofloxacin resistance in pediatric patients are not well defined, further study of the mechanism of acquiring ciprofloxacin resistance in children is needed.
홍주형,정진우 대한안면통증∙구강내과학회 2022 Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain Vol.47 No.4
Neurogenic muscular atrophy is muscle wasting and weakness caused by trauma or disease of the nerve that innervates the muscle. We describe a case of unilateral trigeminal neuropathy and neurogenic muscular atrophy of the masticatory muscle caused by a tumor in the foramen ovale. A 59-year-old man visited our clinic complaining of difficulty in right-sided mastication. There were no evident clinical signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorder. However, severe atrophy of the right masseter and temporalis muscles and hypesthesia of the right side mandibular nerve area were confirmed. Through T1 and T2 signals on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a mass suspected of a neurogenic tumor was observed in the foramen ovale and cavernous sinus. Severe atrophy of all masticatory muscles on the right side was observed. This rare case shows trigeminal neuropathy caused by a tumor around the foramen ovale and atrophy of the ipsilateral masticatory muscles. For an accurate diagnosis, it is essential to identify the underlying cause of muscle atrophy with neurologic symptoms present. This can be done through a more detailed clinical examination, including sensory testing and brain MRI, and consider a referral to neurology or neurosurgery for the differential diagnosis of the intracranial disorder.