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한주은,강경아 대한류마티스 건강전문학회 2000 근관절건강학회지 Vol.7 No.1
The arthritis patients suffer from psychological, social and spiritual problems as well as physical problems because the arthritis is not curable and has chronic pain, joint deformity, limitation of activity and physical dysfunction for all of his life. Especially if they do not fond the meaning in their lives, they will experience spiritual distress seriously. Therefore, it is important that nurses help the patients to find the meaning in their lives and to reduce spiritual distress. The purpose of this study is to provide a basis for nursing intervention strategies to minimize the arthritis patients' spiritual distress and understand the relationship between the meaning of life and the spiritual distress in arthritis patients. The samples were composed of 157 arthritis patients. Data collection was carried out from October 1, 1998 to February 28, 1999. Data were analyzed using a SAS Program for descriptive statistic, Pearson correlation, t-test, ANOVA, linear regression. The results were as follow, 1. The scores on the meaning of life scale ranged from 51 to 130 with a mean of 93. 2. The scores on the spiritual distress scale ranged from 26 to 91 with a mean of 60. 3. There were significant correlations between the meaning of life and the spiritual distress(r=.53, p=.00). 4. The linear regression analysis showed that the meaning of life explained 13% of the spiritual distress. 5. In the degree of the meaning of life and the spiritual distress according to the general characteristics, the level of the meaning of life in arthritis patients was different by the duration of incidence(F=2.71, p=.03). In conclusion, the nursing intervention strategies to reduce the spiritual distress in arthritis patients must take into account the meaning of life.
한주은(Joo Eun Han),박수형(Soo-Hyung Park),이원태(Wontae Lee) 유기성자원학회 2019 유기물자원화 Vol.27 No.1
유입하수와 기존 연계처리수(축산폐수, 분뇨, 음폐수 등)에 더하여 슬러지탄화시설에서 발생되는 유출수가 추가로 유입되며 질소성분의 처리에 어려움을 겪고 있는 하수처리시설을 대상으로 연계처리가 처리효율에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 하수처리시설에 유입되는 연계처리수의 부하량(kg/d)을 산출한 결과, BOD 및 COD의 경우 음폐수와 축산폐수가 차지하는 비중이 상대적으로 크게 나타났고, T-N과 NH 3 -N은 탄화공정수가 차지하는 비중이 가장 큰 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 탄화공정수가 방류수질에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위하여 탄화공정수 유입 유무에 따른 공정별 처리효율을 분석결과, 호기조에서 NH 3 -N의 질산화율이 탄화공정수가 유입되지 않는 경우 89%이었으나 탄화공정수가 유입되는 경우 55%로 낮아져 탄화공정수 유입시 질산화효율이 현저히 떨어지는 것을 확인하였다. 탄화공정수 유입으로 인한 질소 및 암모니아 부하량 증가 및 이로 인한 제거율 악화를 해결하기 위해서는 탄하공정수의 전처리를 통해 질소성분의 부하를 낮추어야 할 것으로 판단된다. We investigated influence of connected influent on the treatability of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), recently accepting effluent from a sludge carbonization facility. Based upon the pollutant loading rates (kg/d) of each connected influent, food waste leachate and livestock wastewater contributed to high BOD and COD loadings, while sludge carbonization facility effluent certainly contributed to T-N and NH 3 -N loadings. The nitrification rate in aerobic tank decreased to 55% with the carbonization facility effluent entering to the WWTP, while it was 89% with no carbonization facility effluent entering. The sludge carbonization facility effluent may need to be pretreated to reduce T-N and NH 3 -N loadings before entering to the WWTP for further treatment.
응집처리 시 Microcystis 조류 밀도가 제거효율에 미치는 영향
한주은(Joo Eun Han),이원태(Wontae Lee) 대한환경공학회 2020 대한환경공학회지 Vol.42 No.6
목적 : 낙동강 녹조현상시 가장 많이 발생되는 Microcystis를 세 가지 조류 밀도로 구분하여 응집처리에 의한 제거 특성을 조사하였다. 방법 : 낙동강에서 채수한 원수에 배양한 Microcystis를 주입하여 세 가지 조류 밀도(목표 10,000, 100,000, 1,000,000 cell/mL, 실측치 9,950, 102,000, 991,000 cell/mL)로 만들고 응집제 종류(PACl, Alum, 일라이트, 황토) 및 주입량(0~150 mg/L)을 달리하여 제거율을 파악하였다. 결과 및 토의 : 응집제 종류와 관계없이 주입량이 증가할수록 Microcystis 제거율이 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 같은 주입량에서는 PACl과 Alum의 Microcystis 제거율이 일라이트와 황토의 제거율보다 높았다. Microcystis 제거에 가장 효과적인 응집제는 PACl이였다. 클로로필a 제거의 경우 PACl 20.4 mg/L 주입 시 높은 제거율을 나타내었고 주입량을 증가시켜도 제거율에 큰 변화가 없었던 반면 일라이트와 황토는 주입량을 증가시킬수록 클로로필a의 제거율도 지속적으로 증가하였다. 결론 : 조류 밀도와 관계없이 응집제 주입량이 증가할수록 Microcystis 제거율이 증가하는 경향을 보였으나, 조류 밀도가 낮은 경우(9,950 cell/mL)보다 높은 경우(102,000, 991,000 cell/mL) Microcystis가 입자성 물질로 작용해 응집에 의한 제거율이 상승하였다. Objectives : This study evaluated the removal of Microcystis by coagulation in raw waters with three different cell densities. Methods : Raw waters were prepared at three different cell densities (target cell densities of 10,000, 100,000, and 1,000,000 cell/mL; actual cell densities of 9,950, 102,000, and 991,000 cell/mL) by adding Microcystis into surface water from Nakdong river. Jar-tests were conducted with PACL, alum, illite, and loess at dosages of 0-150 mg/L. Results and Discussion : Regardless of coagulant types, the removal rates of Microcystis increased as the coagulant dosages increased. PACl and alum exhibited higher removal rates than illite and loess; PACl was the best coagulant to remove Microcystis. Removal of chlorophyll-a was highest when PACl added at 20.4 mg/L, and no significant increase in removal rate was observed with higher dosages of PACl. However, removal rates of chlorophyll-a by illite and loess gradually increased as the dosages increased. Conclusions : With the coagulants tested in this study, removal rates of Microcystis increased as the coagulant dosages increased. Removal rates of Microcystis increased as the cell densities increased probably because Microcystis acted as particles which could enhance the coagulation efficiency.