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원판형 연골에 대한 임상적 고찰 - 관절경소견에 의한 분류 및 비정형 원판형 연골에 대한 보고 -
김성재,원예연,최병무 ( Sung Jae Kim,Ye Yeon Won,Byung Moo Choi ) 대한슬관절학회 1993 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.5 No.2
Discoid lateral meniscus has been desceibed as a morphologically variable anomaly, and several ealssifications have been proposed. Arthroscopic management of knee joint has many advantages and has become an essential diagnostic porcedure of knee joint lesions. Watanabe et al. Classified all disaoid menisci, as seen arthroscopically, into three types: (1) complete, (2) incomplete, and (3) Wrisberg-ligament type. The purpose of this paper is to report the arthroscopic classification of discoid meniscus and other types not mentioned in Watanabe classification. During the period from August 1990 to August 1992, 1Ve found and analyzed 46 cases of discoid meniscus in 44 patients. The results are as follows: l. Of these 46 discoid meniscus including 2 discoid medial menisci, 21 menisci were classified as comylete, 19 menisci as incomplete, 2 menisci as Wrieberg ligament type, and remaining 4 menisci as unusal type which were not belonged to Watanabe classification. 2. There were 4 minisci which were unusual to anterior cruciate ligament along entire medial margin and wer not belonged to any type of Watanabe classification. We called them continuous type. 3. The age were ranged from 6 to 73 and average age was 37.7. 4. Therc were 24 men (53 %), 21 women (47 %), 25 right, 21 left and 2 bilateral lesions. The two bilateral lesions were incomplete latera1 discoid lesions. We suggeit that there can be conspecific type of discoid menisci which are not belonged to Watanabe classification.
남성화된 암컷 생쥐의 통각반응 양상과 에스트로겐-α 수용체의 발현 양상
제영묘(Young-Myo Jae),박제민(Je-Min Park),백선용(Sun-Yong Baek),최병무(Byung-Moo Choi),김명정(Myung-Jung Kim) 대한생물치료정신의학회 2005 생물치료정신의학 Vol.11 No.1
암컷 생쥐를 출생 직후 테스토스테론에 노출시키면 성장 후 통각반응과 중추신경계 통각조절부위의 estrogen-α 수용체(ERα)의 발현에 영향을 주는지를 조사하고자 하였다. 갓 태어난 생쥐(Institute for Cancer Research)에게 생후 24시간 이내에 testosterone propionate 100㎍(남성화군) 혹은 sesame oil 50㎕(대조군)씩 복강내 주사하였다. 13주째에 각 군을 반으로 나누고 naloxone HCI 5㎎/㎏ 혹은 동량의 생리식염수를 복강내 주사하였다. 15분 뒤에 Tail immersion test로 통각예민도(TFL, sec)를 2회 측정하였다. 이어서 모든 군에게 testosterone propionate 1㎎/㎏씩 복강내 주사하고, 15분 후에 같은 방법으로 TFL을 측정하였다. 8개월 째 식염수 전처치군의 뇌를 적출하여 일차감각대뇌겉질, 시상, 중간뇌수도관주위회색질, 큰솔기핵 및 허리와 엉치척수분절 부위를 분리하였다. 각 부위별 ERα를 Western blot 분석으로 반정량하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 생리식염수 전처치군에서 대조-암컷은 기저 TFL과 테스토스테론 투여 후 TFL이 대조-수컷 보다 유의하게 예민하였다. 테스토스테론은 모든 군에서 TFL을 유의하게 연장시켰다. 날록손 전처치-대조-암컷은 수컷이나 남성화-암컷 보다 유의하게 예민하였다. 남성화-암컷은 기저 TFL이 수컷 보다 예민한 경향이 있었고, 날록손이 테스토스테론의 진통효과를 감소시키는 경향이 있었다. 그 외는 수컷과 유사한 반응을 보였다. 남성화-암컷은 대조-암컷 보다 사상의 ERα western band의 광 밀도가 낮은 경향이 있었다. 그 외 부위는 세 군간 차이가 없었다. 대조-암컷은 수컷이나 남성화-암컷에 비하여 다른 부위 보다 시상에 밀집되어 있고, 큰솔기핵에는 적었다. 남성화-암컷은 수컷에 비해 중간뇌수도관주위회색질의 밀도가 다른 부위에 비해 낮은 경향이 있었지만, 다른 부위는 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과로부터 출생직후 암컷 생쥐를 테스토스테론에 노출시키면 통각에 대한 반응이나 중추신경계 통각조절 부위의 ERα 발현 양상이 수컷과 비슷해진다는 결론을 얻었다. Objectives : The object of this study was to investigate the effects of neonatal exposure to testosterone in female mice on the pain responses and the expression of estrogen-α receptors(ERα) in the pain control areas of the CNS in their later life. Methods : Testosterone propionate 100㎍ or sesame oil 50㎕ was injected intraperitoneally to neonatal mice within 24 hours after birth. In the 13th week of age, animals of each group(Androgenized-Female : AF ; Control-Female : CF ; Control-Male: CM) were divided into two and pretreated with naloxone HCI 5㎎/㎏ or saline 15 minutes before tail immersion test. Tall flick latencies(TFLs) were measured before and 15 min after administration of testosterone propionate 1㎎/㎏ i p.(intra-peritoneal) In the 8th month, mice were sacrificed and brains were dissected into primary sensory cortex, thalamus, periaqueductal gray, nucleus raphe magnus and lumbosacral spinal cord. ER α protein was assayed by Western blot analysis. Results : In saline-pretreated groups, TFLs of CF measured before and after testosterone injection were significantly shorter than those of CM. Testosterone prolonged TFLs signficantly in all subgroups. Among naloxone-pretreated groups, CF was significantly more sensitive than CM and AF. TFL profiles of AF did not differ from that of CM, except that baseline TFLs were slightly shorter and naloxone seemed to decrease analgesic effect of testosterone in AF, though statistically not significant. 66kDa Western bands were detected in all 5 regions. Optic density(OD) of each area did not differ across 3 groups, except that OD of ER α In the thalamus in AF was lower than in CF. Percent OD of a region to sum of the 5 areas(OD%) showed significant difference in the thalamus and nucleus raphe magnus. CF showed higher OD% in the thalamus than in CM and AF, and lower OD% in nucleus raphe magnus than in CM and AF. Western bands profile of AF did not differ from that of CM. Conclusion : These findings suggested that the pain response patterns and the expression of ER α in the pain control areas of CNS are grossly similar between androgenized female and control male mice.