순천만 갯벌 복원 이전의 퇴적환경과 지화학적 특성 –장산지구를 중심으로-

차성식,고영구,이연규,최정민,김해경,오강호 한국도서(섬)학회 2019 韓國島嶼硏究 Vol.31 No.1

The sedimentary environments and geochemical characteristics before the restoration of tidal flat in Suncheon Bay were monitored. Most of sediment compositions in the study area were fine silt to very fine silt, and sediments were poorly to very poorly sorted, having 1.91~2.95 ∅ (2.24∅ avg.). There were small amount of slightly gravelly mud [(g)M], mud (M) and clay (C) and most of them were mud in the sedimentary facies. In the respect of inorganic geochemical characteristics of the sediments, P and Mn were highly concentrated in the scheduled restoration area and the influenced area in winter and summer. Na was high in the influenced area in summer. Organic geochemical elements in the scheduled area are not high, S was higher in the influenced area. C/N ratios 6.483~9.845 (7.398 avg.) in summer and 2.013~8.104 (6.726 avg.) in winter, respectively. The higher N contents indicate that this area is hydrophyte dominant oceanic environments. The enrichment indices of Zn or Pb were over 1, but the most of other elements were less than 1. The maximum of geoaccumulation indices are Ca 1.25, K 0.67, P 0.61, Na 0.29, Mg 0.01, Fe 0.01 in winter, and Na 0.94, Mg 0.43, Ca 0.35, P 0.26 in summer, respectively. The averages of geoaccumaulation indices were less than 1 for all measured elements. The means of Al, Fe, Mg, Na, P, Mn and S in the scheduled area and influenced area were different significantly (p<0.01) in winter. Those of Al, Fe, Na, P, Mn, Co, Cr, Cu, Li, Ni and S were different significantly (p<0.01) in summer. These indicate the sediments of the scheduled area and influenced area is different. The sedimentary facies, enrichment and geoaccumulation of geochemical elements, C/N ratio would be suitable as indicators to environmental changes in the study area. 이 연구는 순천만 장산지구 폐염전 부지와 주변의 영향구역을 대상으로 갯벌복원 이전의 퇴적환경 및 지화학적 특성에 대한 모니터링 조사결과이다. 연구지역의 퇴적물 조성은 세립실트에서 극세립실트가 대부분이고, 분급도는 1.91~2.95∅ (평균 2.24∅)로 불량한 분급에서 매우 불량한 분급이다. 퇴적상은 미량의 역질니((g)M), 니(M), 점토(C)의 3개 퇴적상으로 구분되며, 대부분 정점에서 니(M)의 퇴적상으로 나타난다. 퇴적물의 무기지화학적 특성은 동계 및 하계에 갯벌복원 예정구역에서 P, Mn이 상대적으로 높은 함량을 보이며, Na는 하계에 영향구역에서 상대적으로 높다. 갯벌복원 예정구역에서 높은 함량을 보이는 유기지화학적 원소들은 없으며, 영향구역의 경우 S가 높게 나타난다. C/N 비는 하계에 6.483~9.845 (평균 7.398), 동계에 2.013~8.104 (평균 6.726)로 N의 함량이 높아 수생식물이 우세한 해양환경을 지시하고 있다. 퇴적물의 부화지수는 동계와 하계에 Zn, Pb가 모든 정점에서 1 이상이며, 대다수 원소들은 1 이내의 부화지수를 보인다. 하계와 동계에 모든 정점에서 부화된 것으로 나타난 Pb, Zn은 산성암류에 많이 존재하는 원소로, 연구지역 주변의 지질이 이들 원소들의 부화에 영향을 주었을 가능성을 시사한다. 농축지수는 동계에 최대 Ca 1.25, K 0.67, P 0.61, Na 0.29, Mg 0.01, Fe 0.01, 하계에는 최대 Na 0.94, Mg 0.43, Ca 0.35, P 0.26이며, 평균 농축지수는 모든 원소가 1 이하의 값을 보인다. 갯벌복원 예정구역과 영향구역의 지화학적 성분 함량의 차이를 살펴보기 위해 주성분 원소의 평균에 대한 t-검증 결과, 동계에는 Al, Fe, Mg, Na, P, Mn, S가 하계에는 Al, Fe, Na, P, Mn, Co, Cr, Cu, Li, Ni, S가 유의확률 p<0.01에서 차이가 있는 것으로 보아, 갯벌복원 예정구역과 영향구역 퇴적물은 이질적인 것으로 판단된다. 연구지역의 갯벌복원 효과는 복원 이전의 사전 조사를 기초로 지속적인 모니터링을 통해 퇴적환경 경향을 파악하고 환경적으로 동질화되어가는 과정을 살펴보아야 한다. 연구지역의 퇴적환경을 통한 갯벌복원에 따른 동질화 진행과정은 퇴적상, 지화학적 원소의 부화 및 농축, C/N 비 등을 지시인자로 사용할 수 있을 것이다.

서해 연안역에서 자어의 적정 채집 방법

차성식,박명정 한국해양학회 1995 韓國海洋學會誌 Vol.30 No.1

To investigate a proper sampling method for larval fish in the western coastal waters, the abundances of larval fish sampled at upper and lower layers during the day and nighttime were compared. The difference in the abundances at upper and lower layers seems to be related to the diurnal vertical migration of larval fish. Therefore, samples at upper layer during the day causes an underestimation of the number of species and the abundance. As the abundances through whole water column during the day is not significantly smaller than during the nighttime. samples obtained by oblique tow through whole water column during the day can be used to estimate the abundance of fish larvae.

전남 연안해역 멸치(Engraulis japonica) 의 연령과 초기 성장

차성식 한국수산학회 1990 한국수산과학회지 Vol.23 No.5

전남 연안역에 출현하는 멸치 치어의 성장을 연구하기 위하여 전남 연안역의 3개 정점에서 1988년 5월부터 1989년 8월 사이에 정치망으로 멸치를 채집하였으며, 멸치의 연령은 이석에 나타난 성장선수로부터 결정하였다. 체장의 성장은 Gompertz의 성장식으로 표현하면 L=5.76×Exp(1.66×(1-Exp(-0.0443 t))), 또는 L=3.7×Exp(1.99×(1-Exp(-0.0614 t))) 로 표시된다. 20일부터 40일 사이의 평균 일일성장율은 0.38㎜/day였으며, 일일성장율은 10일경에 최대를 보인후 서서히 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 멸치의 성장은 채집시기나 채집장소에 관계없이 거의 일정 한 것으로 나타났다. Age and growth in length of anchovy juveniles were analysed from the samples collected from the coastal waters of Chonnam, Korea, in 1988 and 1989. Ages in days were determined by counting growth increments in otolith from 248 individuals. Growth in length versus age in days was well represented by Gompertz curve: L = 5.76 × Exp(1.66 × (1 - Exp(-0.443 t))), or L = 3.7 × Exp(1.99 × (1 - Exp(-0.0614 t))). The mean growth rate was 0.38㎜/day from 20 days to 40 days. Growth rate was maximum at 10 days, and then decreased gradually. The growth of anchovy juvenile were nearly constant inspite of the sampling dates or stations.

황해(黃海) 중동부(中東部) 연안역(沿岸域)의 부유성(浮游性) 어란(魚卵) 군집(群集)의 계절(季節) 변동(變動)

차성식,심재형,Cha, Seong Sig,Shim, Jae Hyung 한국해양학회 1989 韓國海洋學會誌 Vol.23 No.4

To study the pelagic fish egg community in the mid-east coastal waters of the Yellow Sea, pelagic eggs were sampled with Bongo net at 13 stations from Chonsu Bay to Keum Estuary from July, 1985 to June, 1986. Nineteen taxa of pelagic eggs were collected. Among them, 7 taxa were identified to the species level, and 2 taxa to the family level. Engraulis japonica was the most abundant species with 89.5% of the total eggs; Sillago japonica was 2.5%; Clupanodon punctatus, 2.4%; Herklotsichthys zunasi, 1.7%; Callionymidae spp., 1.6%. These 5 taxa occupied 97.7% of the total eggs. Pelagic eggs occurred from April to October. In June and July, their abundances were high, but the species diversities were low as E. japonica eggs were predominant. The range of spawning temperature for each taxa were estimated from the occurence pattern of the pelagic eggs.

제초제 마세트가 잉어에 미치는 영향에 대하여

차성식,김완수,Cha, Seong Sig,Kim, Wan Soo 한국해양학회 1980 韓國海洋學會誌 Vol.15 No.1

Toxicity of Machete on the mortality of the three different life stages, namely, hatching period, prelarval stage, and juvenile stage of carp(Cyprinus carpio Linne) was observed. The effect of the various exposure times on the mortality of the prelarval stage, and the effect of different temperatures on the toxicity during juvenile stage were also analysed. Hatchability and duration time of the carp were shown to be related to the concentration of Machete. In general, hatchability and duration time were shown to be decreased when the concentration of Machete was increased. For prelarval stage, 24hr and 48hr LC 50, and 24hr and 48hr EC 50 were observed to be 0.86mg/l and 0.43mg/l, and 0.35mg/l and 0.20mg/l, respectively. For juvenile stage, 24hr, 48hr, 96hr, and Incipient LC 50 were found to be 0.625mg/l, 0.365mg/l, 0.180mg/l, and 0.135mg/l, respectively. Apparently it was appeared that eggs were most resistant, and prelarvae were most sensitive to Machete among the three life stages. Although fish were removed from the Machete solution(3.2mg/l, and 1.8mg/l) prior to their death, continuous mortality was observed. Below 1.mg/l range, however, when concentration of Machete was lowered, the toxic effect of Machete on carp was reduced considerably even to the longtime exposure(24hours) Toxicity of Machete appeared to be related to water temperature, and it was observed that higher temperature reflected more toxicity.

Seasonal Variation of the Fish Larval community in the Coastal Waters of the Mid-east Yellow Sea.

차성식,유재명 한국해양학회 1990 韓國海洋學會誌 Vol.25 No.2

To study the fish larval community in the coastal waters of the mid-east Yellow sea, samples were collected with Bongo net at 13 stations between Chonsu Bay and Keum Estuary from July, 1985 to June, 1986. total of 45 taxa of fish larvae were occurred. the predominant species was Enedrias fangi accounting for 45.2% of the total abundances, and the next were Engraulis japonicus (27.5%), sardinella zunasi (10.6%), Callionymidae spp. (4.6%), Sillago japonica (3.0%), Favonigobius gymnauchen (1.9%), and Acentrogobius pflaumii (1.8%). These 7 taxa constituted 94.6% of the total abundances. The monthly abundances showed two peaks in July and January. Species diversities were very low from January to April when E. fangi predominated.

저인망에 채집된 광양만 어류의 종조성과 계절변동

차성식,박광재 한국어류학회 1997 韓國魚類學會誌 Vol.9 No.2

광양만 어류의 종조성과 계절변동을 파악하기 위하여 1990년 2월부터 12월까지 5개 정점에서 격월로 소형 저인망을 이용하여 어류를 채집하였다. 조사기간 동안 총 32科 54種, 9,497개체, 65,838.2g이 채집되었다. 주둥치(Leiognathus nuchalis)가 총 개체수의 64.9%를 차지 하였으며, 주둥치와 전어(Konosirus punctatus)가 각각 총 생물량의 28.8%와 22.3%를 차지하였다. 수온이 낮은 2월에는 출현종수와 개체수, 생물량이 모두 연중 가장 낮은 수준을 보였다. 수온이 12℃ 이상을 보이는 시기에는 20종 이상이 출현하였다. 개체수는 10월에, 생물량은 4월에 가장 높았다. 광양만에서 어류군집의 구조는 주둥치와 전어의 출현량 변화에 따라 계절 변동을 보였다. The seasonal changes in species composition of fishes in Kwangyang Bay were determined using bimonthly samples with a bottom trawl at five stations from February to December 1990. A total of 32 families 54 species, 9,497 individuals, and 65,838.2g of fishes were collected. Leiognathus nuchalis occupied 64.9% of the total number of individuals. L. nuchalis and Konosirus punctatus occupied 28.8%o and 22.3% of the total biomass, respectively. The number of species, the number of individuals and the biomass were lowest in February. More than 20 species occurred during the period when the water temperature was higher than 12℃. The number of individuals was the highest in October. The biomass was the highest in April. The community structure of fish in Kwangyang Bay showed the seasonal variation according to Leiognathus nuchalis and Konosirus punctatus.

월성 주변 해역의 부유성 난 자치어의 분포

차성식,유재명,김종만,김용억 한국어류학회 1990 韓國魚類學會誌 Vol.2 No.2

만경 동진강 하구의 浮流性 卵 仔稚漁 分布 樣相

차성식,박광재 한국해양학회 1991 韓國海洋學會誌 Vol.26 No.1

To study the spatio-temperal distribution of the ichhyoplankton in the estuarine ecosystem, Ichthyoplankton were sampled with associated data on water temperature and salinity in Mankyong-Dongjin Estuary on October, 1989, and March, May and July, 1990. Water temperature varied seasonally, showing homogeneous spatial pattern. The spatial difference in splinty was determined by the amount of river runoff. Few Ichthyoplankton occurred in October and March. In May, Konosirus punctatus occupied most of the ichthyoplankton. In July, Sardinella zunasi, Engraulis japonica, Gobiidae, and Thrissa sp. were the dominant species. The eggs and larvae of Engraulis japonica were collected from the outer bay, while those of Konosirus punctatus predominated in the less saline inner bay. Konosirus punctatus. Sardinella zunasi, Gobiidae, and Thrissa sp. were the characteristic species of this estuary. They were considered to be spawned and grown during their early life stage in the less saline water.

만경 동진강 하구의 부유성 난 자치어의 분포

차성식,박광재 한국어류학회 1990 韓國魚類學會誌 Vol.2 No.2