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공공 갈등 영향 분석에서 조정가의 관찰과 소통 - 니클라스 루만의 사회 체계 이론에 근거하여
조정혜 ( Cho¸ Jung-hye ) 한국협상학회 2020 협상연구 Vol.23 No.1
Individuals in modern society are asking for guarantees of the quality of life from the state including the right to live. At the same time, with the increased social interest in their community, they are actively participating in social contribution. As individual change increases the complexity of the social relations and communication, the roles of individuals and those of citizens are differentiated as a result of the process. That is, the collision between individual values and community values result in a contradictory situation, in which individuals are to take the burden of the conflict. On the other hand, a number of civil petitions themselves become the cause of the essence of bureaucracy. This study is meaningful in discovering a new theory suitable for public conflict solutions that support the realization of innovative government in concert with the time when it is necessary to arrange for the intense preparation of public conflict solutions. This study introduces some important theoretical concepts of German sociologist Niklas Lumann’s social systems theory, and applies them to some field instances for the re-examination of the broad concept of administrative ADR and for the reflection of the roles of coordinators intervening as third parties.
인공열화 시 공기질 및 습도가 밀랍지의 열화에 미치는 영향
양은정,최경화,강영석,조정혜,정혜영,Yang, Eun Jeong,Choi, Kyoung Hwa,Kang, Yeong Seok,Cho, Jung hye,Jeong, Hye Young 국립문화재연구소 2012 保存科學硏究 Vol.33 No.-
제책 시료의 경우 낱장과 달리 제책 위치에 따라 공기, 습도, 빛 등의 접하는 정도가 다르기 때문에 열화특성 또한 제책 위치에 따라 다르다. 특히 밀랍지는 일반적인 한지와는 달리 통기성이 없으며 발수성이 있는 성질을 가지고 있기 때문에 밀랍지로 제작된 제책본의 경우 주위 보존환경과 접하는 부분과, 외부와 접하지 않는 내부에서의 열화 인자 및 기작(mechanism, 機作)의 상이성(相異性)은 일반 서적들에 비해 높다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 밀랍본의 내 외부의 열화 특성의 상이성(相異性)을 분석하기 위해 공기 및 수분의 조건에 따라 밀랍지를 인공열화 시킨 후 각 조건별 열화 특성을 비교 분석하였다. 인공열화 후 밀랍지의 물리적, 광학적 특성 분석 결과, 산소가 밀랍지의 열화를 촉진시키는 것으로 나타났으며, 습도 50 % RH 조건이 0 %RH의 조건보다 밀랍지의 열화에 안정적인 것으로 나타났다. 또한 열화된 시편으로부터 추출된 밀랍의 GC/MS 분석을 실시하여 각 조건에 따른 밀랍의 분해산물을 비교분석한 결과, 열화가 진행됨에 따라 팔미트 산 등의 지방산을 포함하는 C9-C20의 탄소수를 가지는 저분자화합물이 증가되고, 탄화수소화물 및 지방족 알코올 등을 포함하는 C21-C36의 탄소수를 가지는 화합물과 왁스 에스테르 등을 포함하는 C34 이상의 고분자화합물은 감소되어 밀랍성분이 분해되었음을 알 수 있었다. 각 조건에 따른 밀랍의 분해는 물리적, 광학적 특성 변화율과 마찬가지로 산소에 의해 촉진되는 것으로 나타났으며, 습도 50% RH에서보다 0% RH에서 높게 발생되는 것으로 나타났다. A beeswax-treated paper has no air permeability but has the water repellency compared with a general Hanji. Because of these properties, the differences of the aging factors and mechanisms between the outer partition of beeswax-treated paper that is affected by the surrounding conservation environment and the inner partition of it that is not affected are bigger than general books. In this research, we analyzed and compared the aging characteristics through the accelerated aging of the beeswax-treated paper by some air and humidity conditions. The results of the physical and optical analysis after the artificial aging, it was shown that the oxygen accelerates the aging of the beeswax-treated paper and the condition with the humidity 50% RH is more stable than the condition with the humidity 0% RH. The results of the CG/MS analysis that was conducted to figure out the decomposition charateristics of the beeswax according to the air quality and the humidity, a low molecular weight compound that the number of carbon is C9-C20 including a fatty acid such as a palmitic acid was increased as the aging was progressed. However, under the same environment, a compound that the number of carbon is C21-C36 including a hydrocarbon and a aliphatic alcohol and a high molecular weight compound that the number of carbon is more than C34 including a wax ester were decreased. A rate of change according to the air quality and the humidity was similar to the beeswax-treated papers.
니클라스 루만의 작동이론적 소통 이론에 근거한 갈등의 이해: 갈등의 원리와 현대사회의 갈등 현상들 및 해법의 원리들
이철 ( Lee Chul ),조정혜 ( Cho Jung Hye ) 한국협상학회 2023 협상연구 Vol.26 No.1
This paper builds a skeleton of universal new frame for conflict phenomena, presents a fundamental description of social conflict phenomena with that frame and applies it to the description of major conflict phenomena in modern society. We analyze its underlying structure by taking the operation of observing as an epistemological basis, and apply its principles to the operation of communicating. Communication operations, a special case of more universal operations, are generated as a result of collaborations of realistic relations rising from exclusion and inclusion, time selecting not the before but the after, and sociality between the communication object and subject. Communication can be differentiates into weak and strong conflicts from the tetralemma faced by realistic acts. Conflict defined as denial of denial in the article result in weak conflicts and strong conflicts, are itself actualize or potentialized respectively on excluded or included side. Through this basic composition, it becomes possible to seize the conflict phenomena accompanied with various sorts of communications between interactional systems, organizational systems, functional systems of societal systems. Conflict will ultimately result from the confrontation between sociality and realistic relations in the temporal dimension. Thus, all sorts of conflicts can be productively managed, placing strong conflicts on the side of the latent side with the weak conflict on the potential side, and boosting the realistic relations. We can derive conflict management principles that aim for the coexistence of factuality based on the sociality, and discussions will be conducted to extend conflict theory to the level of theory of society.