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형태적 특징 및 분자적 분석에 의한 밤나무 흰가루병균 Erysiphe castaneigena 의 확인
조성은 ( Sung-eun Cho ),이상현 ( Sang-hyun Lee ),이선근 ( Sun Keun Lee ),신현동 ( Hyeon-dong Shin ) 한국균학회 2017 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.45 No.2
The powdery mildew on Castanea crenata in South Korea was first recorded as Microsphaera alni in 1958. On the basis of its morphological characteristics and host range, the mildew was determined as Microsphaera sinensis in 1988. According to the rules of The International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, M. sinensis was renamed Erysiphe castaneigena in 2006. Nevertheless, taxonomic re-consideration of the morphological and molecular characteristics for the Castanea powdery mildew in Korea has not been performed. In the present study, we studied 34 powdery mildew samples collected from C. crenata in the Korea University Herbarium. On the basis of microscopic examinations of the holomorph and phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer regions, we confirmed the powdery mildew fungus as E. castaneigena. In addition, sequence comparison between E. castaneigena and E. alphitoides ex Castanea sp. suggested a close phylogenetic affinity.
조성은 ( Sung-eun Cho ),최인영 ( In-young Choi ),신현동 ( Hyeon-dong Shin ) 한국균학회 2017 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.45 No.2
Three species of powdery mildew (Erysiphales) on eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) have been listed in Korea, namely Erysiphe cichoracearum (now genus Golovinomyces), Leveillula taurica, and Sphaerotheca fusca (now genus Podosphaera; syn. Podosphaera xanthii). Since E. cichoracearum was recorded on eggplant for the first time in Korea in 1969, it has been regarded as a major powdery mildew agent on that plant. In 1998, the causal agent of powdery mildew on eggplant was recorded as L. taurica, then as S. fusca in 2002. During our extensive field surveys in Korea, we collected 22 samples of eggplant powdery mildews. Our microscopic observations and molecular sequence analyses showed that all of our samples belonged to the genus Podosphaera, in the absence of either E. cichoracearum or L. taurica, suggesting that P. xanthii is the dominant agent of powdery mildew disease on eggplants in Korea. As there have been no additional findings on L. taurica after the first report on the species, it seems to be a minor species that is rarely found in greenhouses. The presence of E. cichoracearum (syn. Golovinomyces cichoracearum s. lat.) on eggplants is questionable, as the morphological characteristics of E. cichoracearum in the original description of the Korean collection deviate from the morphological variations of this species. In addition, no herbarium material of E. cichoracearum remains. Consequently, it seems that P. xanthii is the main species of powdery mildew on eggplants, whereas L. taurica occurs rarely on eggplants, in Korea. This review provides the historical and recent taxonomy of eggplant powdery mildews in detail.
연령집단에 따른 노인의 허약(Frailty) 예측요인 분석
조성은 ( Cho Sung Eun ),최은영 ( Choi Eun Young ),오영삼 ( Oh Young Sam ),김영선 ( Kim Young Sun ),김성복 ( Kim Seong Bok ) 한국보건사회연구원 2017 保健社會硏究 Vol.37 No.3
This study aims to investigate the predictors of frailty in different age groups. To address this purpose, this study used the 2014 Survey of the Living Conditions of the Elderly (SLCE). In the research model, 4,123 older adults aged 75 and older were included from the SLCE. All participants were subdivided into two age groups based on their age; the young old group (75-85) and the old-old group (85+). The young old group consisted of 1,453 (43%) pre-frail older adults and 1,268 (37%) frail older adults; the old-old group consisted of 304 (40%) pre-frail older adults and 396 (52%) frail older adults. Our regression analysis showed that in the young-old, being female, lower levels of education, having more chronic diseases, having fall experience, higher depression, lower cognitive functioning significantly predicted transition to pre-frailty from non-frail status. In the old-old, being female, higher depression, lower level of social activity were significant predictors. On the other hand, predictors of transition to frailty from pre-frail status in the young-old were being female, higher age, being unemployed, having more chronic diseases, having fall experience, higher depression, lower cognitive functioning. In the old-old, predictors of transition to frailty from pre-frail status were only higher age, having more chronic disease, higher depression, and lower cognitive functioning. The research findings can be used as a reference point in the making of strategies for preventing frailty.
조성겸(Cho Sung Kyum),조은희(Cho Eun Hee) 한국생명윤리학회 2009 생명윤리 Vol.10 No.1
결핍모델에 따르면 시민이 갖고 있는 과학지식의 수준이 과학에 대한 태도와 지지도를 결정하는 주요 요인이 된다. 이와 반대로 과학지식 수준이 시민의 과학에 대한 태도에 결정적인 영향을 주는 것이 아니라는 시각도 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 실증적 데이터를 이용해 한국인의 과학지식과 태도와의 관계를 검토하였다. 이를 위해 2005년, 2006년, 2008년에 KAIST ELSI 프로젝트(Ethical Legal and Social Implications: 윤리ㆍ법률ㆍ사회 함의 연구) 팀이 실시한 여론조사 데이터를 분석했다. 연구결과는 다음과 같이 요약된다. 첫째, 생명과학에 대한 매스미디어 보도가 큰 폭으로 증가했음에도 불구하고 시민들의 생명과학에 대한 실질적인 지식수준은 높아지지 않았다. 둘째 생명과학에 대한 지식수준이 생명과학에 대한 태도에 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 결과적으로 현재 시민들은 충분한 지식을 갖고 있지 않은 상태에서 전문가 의견의 영향을 받아 태도를 형성하는 경향이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 판단은 위험부분을 지나치게 경시하고 실현가능성을 낙관적으로 보게 할 수 있다. 과학기술에 대한 합리적인 사회적 수용을 위해서는 일반시민들의 지식수준을 근본적이고 균형적으로 높여주는 노력이 필요하다. This paper aims to explore how the public's level of knowledge affects public opinion on scientific issues. Analysis of survey data collected by the KAIST ELSI(Ethical Legal and Social Implications) project team reveals several trends in public opinion. The public's level of knowledge has not been enhanced in spite of the recent increase in media coverage of scientific issues. The surveys also show that the public's level of knowledge does not affect the public's attitude. They tend to form an attitude with little knowledge and accordingly be influenced by experts' opinion. It has been also found that the public seems to underestimate the risks and has and overly positive attitude toward biotechnology. Therefore more effort is needed in order to provide the public with accurate information.