A Study on Formation Process and Modern Change in Japanese Tradition Skiya(数寄屋) - Centering on Ando Tadao's Work -

장일영,김진선 한국전통조경학회 2010 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.8 No.-

The purpose of this study is to grasp characteristics in Skiya(数寄屋), which are shown in his work, and further to understand its significance, through researching into Ando Tadao's work. Accordingly, this study aims to research into documentarily historical materials and a case work on how Skiya aesthetics, which is Japan's traditional aesthetic consciousness, was changed in Ando Tadao's work. Summarizing the findings, they are as follows. First, it is what the space of mental image is expressed poetically by metaphorically changing composition of a form through light, material, and geometrical composition, which are characteristics of Skiya that is traditionally aesthetic consciousness. In this way, as for Ando Tadao's work, the aim was to pursue the essence of the work by closely analyzing relationship between human beings and between a human being and nature and by analyzing it, through Skiya-based characteristics, not simple imitation on a form or a mode. In other words, it is the analysis on criticism for modern society and culture and on Japan's traditional concept. This is not what simply reflected only the traditional image or form, but what aims to contain spirit and sensitivity, which are included inside it. Second, what aimed to adopt aesthetic consciousness, which continuously emphasized combination with nature in Ando Tadao's work, can be said to have originated from intention of recovering the characteristics of Japan's traditional space, which is opened familiarly to the nature, in the lost space of modern society. He saw that a place where a human being and nature can meet each other is made inside a building. As for Ando, the light and wind come to finally have significance when they are adopted to the discontinued form from the external world, namely, to the inside of a work. In his work, Skiya aesthetics offers an important clue in grasping correlation between a human being and environment. To revive this aesthetics, it will be necessary to allow a work to be in sympathy with the environment, by employing spirit, not a physical form, and by creating a theory in new allness. Third, the emphasis of simplicity is expressed with succeeding to aesthetics of Japan's traditional Skiya. The composition of a form and space is expressed with excluding all the auxiliary things, observing on natural materials, forming simple form, and implementing empty space. Especially, the expression of emptiness in an inner court or of the exposed wall as if having peeled is well showing this spirit in Ando's work.

고강도콘크리트 구조부재의 변위해석시스템 개발연구

장일영 한국전산구조공학회 1995 전산구조공학 Vol.8 No.2

고강도콘크리트(압축강도 400-700kgf/cm/sup 2)를 이용한 구조물의 강도성능과 휨변형을 정확히 구하는 해석방법을 제안하는 것이 본 연구의 목적으로서, 재료특성을 모델화하기 위하여 희귀분석을 이용한 고강도콘크리트의 응력-변형률관계와 사다리꼴 응력모델을 검토하여 그 적용성을 확인하였다. 내력과 변형의 해석방법으로서는 단면을 요소분할하여 재료의 응력-변형률관계를 이용한 모멘트-곡률관계의 해석을 이용하였다. 여기서 본 연구는 재료특성의 불확정 변수와 해석시의 반복계산에 의한 오차를 최소화하기 위하여 확률적 개념을 이용한 몬테카를로 시뮬레이션의 방법을 도입하여 내력 및 변위성능을 합리적으로 평가하였다. The object of this study is to propose a rational method of resistance strength and flexural deformation for structures using high strength concrete(400-700kgf/cm/sup 2/). The material property(stress-strain relationship) is to be modelize using regression analysis of experimental result. And the applicability of trapezoidal stress model is to be verified. An analytical method is used by the moment-curvature relationship which is based on stress-strain relationships of material for discreted element of section. The evaluation method of moment-curvature of high strength concrete structures is also proposed by using the Monte Carlo Simulation based on a probabilistic concept that could minimize an error due to iterated calculations and random variable of material properties.

철근 콘크리트 부재의 전단변형 해석에 관한 연구

장일영,권종주,최광진,송재호 대한토목학회 1994 대한토목학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.1994 No.1

외국의 콘크리트 교육 사례

장일영,하재담,권민호 한국콘크리트학회 2002 콘크리트학회지 Vol.14 No.1

콘크리트의 압축강도 시험결과에 영향을 미치는 각종시험조건

장일영 한국콘크리트학회 1997 콘크리트학회지 Vol.9 No.6

노인 환자의 다면적 평가

장일영 대한내과학회 2020 대한내과학회 춘계학술대회 Vol.2020 No.-

Flexural Behavior of High-Strength Concrete Beams Confined with Stirrups in Pure Bending Zone

장일영,박훈규,김용곤,김성수,김종회 한국콘크리트학회 2009 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.3 No.1

The purpose of this study is to establish flexural behavior of high-strength concrete beams confined in the pure bending zone with stirrups. The experiment was carried out on full-scale high-strength reinforced concrete beams, of which the compressive strengths were 40 MPa and 70 MPa. The beams were confined with rectangular closed stirrups. Test results are reviewed in terms of flexural capacity and ductility. The effect of web reinforcement ratio, longitudinal reinforcement ratio and shear span to beam depth ratio on ductility are investigated. The analytic method is based on finite element method using fiber-section model, which is known to define the behavior of reinforced concrete structures well up to the ultimate state and is proven to be valid by the verification with the experimental results above. It is found that confinement of concrete compressive regions with closed stirrups does not affect the flexural strength but results in a significantly increased ductility. Moreover, the ductility tends to increase as the quantity of stirrups increases by reducing the spacing of stirrups.

콘크리트의 압축강도 시험결과에 영향을 미치는 각종시험조건

장일영,Jang, Il-Yeong 한국레미콘공업협회 2002 레미콘 Vol.7 No.-

교권침해 경험 초등교사의 심리적 소진과 회복과정

장일영,기영화 인하대학교 교육연구소 2020 교육문화연구 Vol.26 No.3

This study aims to understand how elementary school teachers respond to and recover from the experience of psychological burnout. For this purpose, data was collected through in-depth interviews of 8 elementary school teachers who experienced infringement of their teaching rights. The participants were interviewed using a semi-structured interview questionnaire until the intended sampling and saturation had been reached. Participants in the study were gathered in a snowball sampling method, through introduction by acquaintances. The data collected was subjected to continuous comparative analysis using Strauss and Corbin’s grounded theory methods. The analysis results were coded into 91 concepts, 30 subcategories, and 8 upper categories. The results of the study showed that causal conditions displayed ‘psychological burnout’, as the central phenomenon, through the ‘negative behavior of students’, ‘conflict with parents’, and ‘uninterested/indifferent teaching work culture’. Contextual conditions that imparted effects on these factors included ‘discrepancy between laws’, ‘teaching work culture’, ‘critical classroom environment’, and the ‘absence of a mediator’, while the intervening conditions were found to be in the category of the recovery process -including ‘support from surrounding people’, ‘affirmative interpretation’, ‘opportunity for expression of emotion‘ and ’dissipation of elements of civil complaint’- and the category of the worsening of burnout- including ‘lack of resources in the surroundings’, ‘psychological difficulties’, ‘continuous demand for civil complaint’, and ‘personal variables of teachers’. The ‘utilization of support resources’, ‘consolation by experience of sympathy’, ‘assertive efforts in problem-solving’, ‘efforts to improve specialization’, and ‘changes in the strategy of the teacher’ were deduced as the interaction strategy. The ensuing results included a manifestation of affirmative changes in the growth of the teachers such as ‘flexibility in thinking’, ‘foundation for a stable teaching profession’, and ‘attitude towards educational issues’, etc. However, the passion of the teachers towards education also decreased in the process. On the basis of aforementioned study results, proposals including systematic improvement of teacher’s authority, introduction of practical support system for protection of teacher’s authority, and means of restoration of trust between educational communities, etc. are made. 본 연구는 심리적 소진을 경험한 초등교사가 어떻게 반응하고 회복하는지를 이해하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이를위해 교권침해를 경험한 초등교사 8명을 대상으로 심층 면접하여 자료를 수집하였다. 참여자는 의도적 표집과 포화가될 때까지 반구조 인터뷰 질문지를 사용하여 인터뷰를 하였다. 연구참여자는 지인의 소개로 눈덩이 표집 방법으로이루어졌다. 이들 자료는 Strauss와 Corbin의 근거이론 방법을 사용하여 지속적으로 비교분석하였다. 분석결과 91개의개념과 30개의 하위범주, 8개의 상위 범주로 코딩하였다. 연구결과 인과적 조건은 ‘학생의 부정적 행태’, ‘학부모와의갈등’, ‘비관심/무관심 교직문화’를 통해 중심현상인 ‘심리적 소진’이 나타났다. 이에 영향을 미친 맥락적 조건은 ‘법간의 괴리’, ‘교직 문화’, ‘위기의 교실 환경’, ‘중재자의 부재’로 나타났고, 중재 조건은 ‘주변 사람들의 지원’, ‘긍정적해석’, 감정표현 기회‘, 민원 요소 사라짐’의 회복과정과 ‘주변 자원 부족’, ‘심리적 어려움’, ‘민원 지속적 요구’, ‘교사개인 변인’의 소진 심화 범주로 나타났다. 상호작용 전략은 ‘지지 자원 활용’, ‘동병상련 경험의 위안’, ‘적극적인해결 노력’, ‘전문성 향상 노력’, ‘교사의 전략변화’가 도출되었다. 그에 따른 결과는 교사의 ‘사고의 유연성’, ‘안정적교직생활 기반’, ‘교육 문제를 대하는 태도’ 등 교사 성장의 긍정적인 변화가 나타났다. 하지만, 그 과정에서 교육에대한 열정이 저하되기도 하였다. 이런 연구 결과를 바탕으로 교권의 제도적 개선, 교권보호를 위한 실질적 지원시스템 도입, 교육 공동체간 신뢰 회복 방안 등을 제안하였다.

철근콘크리트 부재의 부착특성을 고려한 휨모멘트-곡률 관계에 관한연구

장일영 한국콘크리트학회 1991 콘크리트학회지 Vol.3 No.4

본 연구의 목적은 휨거동을 하는 철근콘크리트 부재의 변위를 해석적으로 정확하게 구하기 위해 평균 휨균열간격 및 휨모멘트-등가곡률 관계(M-$\Phi_eg$)의 해석법을 제안한 것이다. 제안식은 비균열 구간에서의 철근과 콘크리트 간의 부착특성 및 재료의 소성영역을 고려하여 정확한 곡률분포를 계산함으로써 구할 수 있다. 제안된 해석법의 타당성을 검증하기 위해 34개의 철근콘크리트 보 부재를 제작, 휨재하 실험을 실시하였으며 해석치와 비교검토하였다. 그 결과 실험치와 해석치는 매우 잘 일치하여 본 해석법의 실용성 및 정확성이 입증되었다. The object of this study is to propose the Flexural moment-curvature relationship based on the bond property between concrete and steel for noncracking zone, to evaluate the flexural displacement of reinforced concrete member. The bond-slip relationship and the strain hardening effect of steel were taken into consideration in order to evaluate the spacing of the cracks and the curvature distribution. Calculated curvature distribution along the longitudinal axis was transformed into equivalent curvature distribution. The flexural displacement was calculated by means of double integrals of the equivalent curvature. Furthermore, 34 beams were tested in order to verify the proposed procedure Calculated values agreed well with the experimental data, and so it is pointed out that proposed method is widely acceptable for the practical evaluation of flexural displacement of reinforced concrete member.