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Aflatoxin과 비타민$D_3$ 급여(給與)가 브로일러 병아리의 증체(增?), 영양소이용율(營養素利用率), 경골무기물(脛骨無機物) 및 혈청성상(血淸性?)에 미치는 영향(影響)
장윤환,전진석,여영수,Chiang, Yun Hwan,Cheon, Jin Seock,Yeo, Young Soo 경북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 1984 慶北大農學誌 Vol.2 No.-
Alfatoxin과 비타민$D_3$의 상호작용(相互作用)을 구명(究明)하기 위하여 브로이러 병아리 336수(首)를 8구(區)로 나누고 aflatoxin $B_1$을 0 또는 0.5 ppm, 비타민$D_3$를 0, 500, 1,000 또는 1,500 IU/Kg 급여(給與)하는 3주간(週間)의 $2{\times}4$요인시험(要因試驗)을 실시(實施)하였다. 증체량(增體量), 사료섭취량(飼料攝取量), 사료전환율(飼料轉換率), 정강이 색상(色相), 폐사율(斃死率) 및 각약증발생율(脚弱症發生率)에 있어서 각구간(各區間) 유의차(有意差)를 나타내지 않았다. 건물(乾物), 조단백질(粗蛋白質), 조지방(粗脂肪), 가용무질소물(可溶無窒素物) 및 조회분(粗灰分)의 이용율(利用率)에 있어서 각(各) 구간(區間) 유의차(有意差)를 나타내지 않았다. 조섬유(粗纖維)의 이용율(利用率)에 있어서 대조구(對照區)에 비(比)하여 aflatoxin 급여구(給與區)가 매우 낮은 값을 보였다(P<.01). 그러나 비타민$D_3$ 첨가수준간(添加水準間)에는 유의차(有意差)를 나타내지 않았으며 aflatoxin과 비타민$D_3$간(間)의 교호작용(交互作用)도 인정(認定)되지 않았다. Ca, P 및 Na의 이용률(利用率)에 있어서 각(各) 구간(區間) 유의차(有意差)를 보이지 않았으나 aflatoxin 급여구(給與區)의 Ca이용율(利用率)이 무급여구(無給與區)보다 약간 높았다. 탈지건조경골(脫脂乾燥脛骨)의 회분함량(灰分含量)은 각처리간(各處理間) 유의차(有意差)가 없었으나 Ca함량(含量)에 있어서도 aflatoxin 0.5 ppm구(區)에서 무급여구(無給與區)보다 더 많았으며(P<.05), 비타민$D_3$를 더 많이 급여(給與)할수록 조금씩 높게 나타났다. Aflatoxin과 비타민$D_3$가 경골내(脛骨內) Ca을 가속적(加速的)으로 증가(增加)시킨다는 것을 보여 주었다(P<.01). 그리고 P의 함량(含量)에 있어서도 aflatoxin 급여(給與)로 증가(增加)되었다(P<.05). 그러나 비타민$D_3$ 수준간(水準間)에는 유의차(有意差)가 없었으며 2요인간(要因間)의 교호작용(交互作用)도 없었다. Aflatoxin 급여(給與)는 Na함량(含量)에 영향(影響)을 주지 않았으나 비타민$D_3$ 수준간(水準間)에는 유의차(有意差)가 나타나(P<.01) 1,000 IU/Kg수준(水準)이 가장 높게 나타났다. 2요인간(要因間)의 교호작용(交互作用)은 인정(認定)되지 않았다. 혈청중(血淸中)의 Ca농도(濃度)에 있어서 aflatoxin 급여구(給與區)에서 매우 높게 나타났으며(P<.01), 유의성(有意性)은 없었으나 비타민$D_3$ 첨가수준(添加水準)이 높아질때 조금씩 증가(增加)되는 경향(傾向)을 보였다. 2요인간(要因間)의 교호작용(交互作用)이 인정(認定)되었다(P<.05). P의 함량(含量)은 각(各) 처리간(處理間)에 유의차(有意差)가 없었으며 Alkaline Phosphatase 역가(力價)에 있어서 aflatoxin 급여구(給與區)가 높은 값을 보였다(P<.01). 그리고 비타민$D_3$ 수준(水準)이 높아짐에 따라 조금씩 증가(增加)하는 추세(趨勢)를 보였으나 유의차(有意差)는 없었으며 Aflatoxin과 비타민$D_3$간(間)에는 교호작용(交互作用)이 없었다. A $2{\times}4$ factorial study was carried out to investigate the interaction of aflatoxin and vitamin $D_3$ in broiler chicks. The day-old 336 chicks were allocated to triplicate 8 treatments. The 0 or 0.5 ppm of aflatoxin $B_1$ (AFB) and 0, 500, 1,000 or 1,500 IU/Kg of vitamin $D_3$ (VD) were supplemented to the basal diet. There were no significant differences among treatments in respect to the body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, shank color, mortality and incidence of weak legs. The utilization efficiencies of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, N-free extract and crude ash showed also no significant differences among treatments, respectively. The mean utilization efficiency of crude fiber in AFB group was lower than that in normal groups (P<.01). However, no significant difference was found among groups fed different levels of VD, and no interaction between AFB and VD was found. The utilization efficiency of Ca in AFB group was somewhat higher than that in normal group without statistical significance, and the similar values were found among groups fed different VD. The utilization efficiencies of P and Na were not significantly different among treatments, respectively. The tibia ash appeared to be similar among treatments fed different levels of AFB and VD. However, the Ca content in tibia of birds fed 0.5 ppm of AFB was higher than that of normal chicks (P<.05). The slightly increasing trend was shown in Ca contents when fed increasing revel of VD, and the interaction between AFB and VD was recognized(P<.01). The P content of tibia was increased by feeding AFB(P<.05). However, there was no significant difference among groups fed different level of VD and no interaction between AFB and VD in respect to the P content of tibia. Feeding AFB did not affect the Na content in tibia. However, there was a highly significant difference among groups fed different levels of VD(P<.01), the highest values were at 1,000 IU/Kg group, and the interaction between AFB and VD was not significant. The Ca content in serum of birds fed AFB was higher than in control group (P<.01). The Ca of serum increased when fed more VD, although no significance was found among groups, and there was an interaction between AFB and VD(P<.05). The P content of serum showed no significant difference among treatments. The alkaline phosphatase activity in serum of chicks fed AFB was higher than that of control group (P<.01). The enzyme activity increased slightly with increasing level of VD, however, there was no interaction between AFB and VD.
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Comparison of Phenyl Ethylamine and Hyamine Base as an Absorbent of $Carbon^{14}$ Dioxide
장윤환,Chiang, Yun-Hwan 한국응용생명화학회 1971 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.14 No.1
In order to compare their absorption abilities of carbon dioxide, Hyamine base and phenyl ethylamine were employed in wet combustion experiments. The known content of liver lipid and uniformly mixed palmitic $acid-C^{14}$ were oxidized with sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid. Carbon dioxide produced was trapped by the amines tested through thin tube. The amines absorbed carbon dioxide were mixed with diotal scintillator and counted by liquid scintillation counter. The counting efficiencies and radioactivity recoveries were 50 to 60 % and nearly 100 % for both amines. However, the absorption ability of carbon dioxide by phenyl ethylamine was about two times that of Hyamine base. This technique would not be necessary for the counting of liver lipid of swim, because the efficiencies were not increased and counting accuracies were similar to those of direct counting. $CO_2$의 흡수능력(吸收能力)을 비교(比較)하기 위(爲)하여 습윤연소실험(濕潤燃燒實驗)에 있어서 Phenyl Ethylamine과 Hyamine Base를 사용(使用)하였다. 알려지고 있는 간장지질(肝藏脂質)과 균일(均一)하게 혼합(混合)된 팔미딘산-$C^{14}$을 유산(硫酸)과 인산(燐酸)으로 산화(酸化)하였다. 생성(生成)된 $CO_2$를 가느다란 비닐관(管)을 통하여 공시(供試)아민제(劑)에 포착(捕捉)시켰다. $CO_2$를 흡수(吸收)한 아민 제(劑)들을 Diotal Scintillator와 혼합(混合)하고 Liquid Scintillation Counter에 의(依)하여 그 방사능(放射能)을 측정(測定)하였다. 공시(供試)한 2종(種)아민의 계측효율(計測效率)은 $50{\sim}60%$이 었으며 방사능회수율(放射能回收率)은 거의 100%이었다. 그러나 Phenyl Ethylamine에 의(依)한 $CO_2$흡수량(吸收量)이 Hyamine Base의 그것에 비(比)하여 약(約) 2배(倍)가 되었으며 취급(取扱)하기도 용이(容易)하고 대금(代金)도 싸기 때문에 $CO_2$ 흡수제(吸收劑)로서는 Phenyl Ethylamine을 사용(使用)함이 좋을 것이다. 한편 돼지의 간장실험(肝藏實驗)에 있어서 지질(脂質)을 $CO_2$로 변화(變化)시켜 $C^{14}$의 방사능(放射能)을 측정(測定)하는 것이 지질(脂質)을 그대로 계측(計測)하는 것보다 계측효율(計測效率)이 더 증가(增加)되지 않음이 밝혀졌다.
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Aflatoxin B1 과 Vitamin D3 급여가 Broiler 병아리의 증체 및 사료이용성에 미치는 영향
장윤환(Yun Hwan Chiang),여영수(Young Soo Yeoh) 한국축산학회 1989 한국축산학회지 Vol.31 No.4
This study was conducted to investigate the interaction of aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) and vitamin D₃ (VD₃) in broiler chicks. Three hundred thirty-six broiler chicks (Hubbard line) of equally mixed sex were allocated to triplicate 8(2x4 factorial) treatment groups. The 0 or 1 ppm of AFB₁ and 0, 500, 1000 or 1500 IU/㎏ of VD₃ were supplemented to the basal diet. Fourteen broilers of equally mixed sex were allocated to each replica and 24 groups were arranged in a randomized block design. After 3 weeks of feeding the body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, mortality, weak leg and runt chick were measured. 1. The body weight gain for 3 weeks presented no response to feeding AFB₁ except for slight decrease. However, that decreased according to the increasing level of VD₃ (p$lt; .01). 2. The feed intake also showed no response when fed I ppm AFB₁ except for slight increase. However, that decreased by feeding increasing level of VD₃ (P $lt; .01). 3. The feed conversion increased when fed 1 ppm AFB₁ (p $lt; .05), but no response to the amount of VD₃ in ration. 4. The motality, weak leg and runt chick were not affected by feeding AFB₁ and / or VD₃.
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蔣潤煥 慶北大學校 1981 論文集 Vol.31 No.-
The digestion trial data determined in Livestock Experiment Station from 1960 to 1978 by Korean native cattle, sheep and swine and the estimated values from proximate analysis by regression equation of Schneider et al (1952) were compared. In most cases the two values were same or similar. However, some different figures were found. When the correlation coefficient (CC) between them were calculated; CC of crude protein digestibilities (CPD) were 0.83; crude fiber digestibilities (CFD), 0.61 ; nitrogen-free extract digestibilities (NFED), 0.85; ether extract digestibilities (EED), 0.40 ; digestible crude protein (DCP), 0.96;total digestible nutrients (TDN), 0.76. All CC were highly significant (p<0.01). The matching points of estimated and determined values, the regression and standard (ideal) lines were drawn according to the digestibilities and digestible nutrients. The less to more deviations from regression and standard lines were shown in order of DCP, NFED, CPD, TDN, CFD and EED. The order of accuracy was similar between the two comparing methods. The relative index and average values were computed for each value of data investigated. The determined CPD were less than the estimated by 3%; CFD, higher by 4%; NFED, less by 3%;EED, higher by 3%; DCP, less by 2%;and TDN, less by 1%. Consequently it was thought that the estimated values obtained from proximate analysis for feedstuffs on which there were few or no digestibility date could be used for ration formulation.
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장윤환 한국농화학회 1975 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.18 No.3
The calcium balance study was carried out to determine the availability of calcium in different sources for chicks and laying hens. The sources of calcium were calcium carbonate (CC), dicalcium phosphate-dihydrate (DCPH), and dicalcium phosphate-anhydride (DCPA) for chicks and calcium carbonate (CC) and oyster shell (OS) for laying hens. The radioisotope dilution method was employed to measure the endogenous excreta calcium during the period of balance study following preliminary feeding. A. Experimental results with chicks: No significant difference was found among feed consumption of chicks fed diets containing different sources of calcium. Body weight gain of chicks was dependent upon the source of calcium. The gain decreased in the order of DCPH, DCPA and CC (P$lt;0.01). The feed conversion efficiency in chicks fed DCPH was better than those in chicks fed CC or DCPA. The average tibia ash contents for chicla fed different sources of calcium were similar. The DCPH was superior to CC or DCPA regarding the calcium content in tibia ash. There were no significant differences among the average calcium contents in plasma trichloracetic acid filerate in chicks irrespective of calcium sources. The mean apparent retention of calcium by chicks fed DCPH, CC and DCPA were 65. 9, 64.0 and 59.9% respectively. The calcium to phosphorus ratios in tibia ash and plasma trichloracetic acid filtrate for chicks fed different sources of calcium were similar. The chicks fed DCPH showed the partition of endogenous excreta calcium in total excreta calcium as 35.6% which was higher than 31.0 or 31.4% for chicks fed CC or DCPA. The endogenous excreta calcium per day per chick in group fed DCPH, DCPA or CC Fvere 17.2, 16.1 and 14.6㎎ respectively. The true retained calcium per day per chick in group fed DCPH were 109.9 ㎎ which was higher than those observed with CC or DCPA group (P$lt;0.01). The true retention of calcium by the birds fed diets containing DCPH, CC or DCPA were 78. 1, 75.1 or 72.6% respectively. B. Experimental results with laying hens: The feed consumption, egg production and feed converion efficiency of laying hens fed diets containing different sources of calcium were similar. Calcium concentration in plasma trichloracetic acid filtrate in laying birds fed CC was equivalent to the value obtained by feeding OS. The apparent calcium retention by laying birds fed CC was 61.6 and it was significantly more than that of hens fed OS of 51.6% (P$lt;0.05). The partition of endogenous excreta calcium in total excreta calcium of laying hens fed CC was 23.5% and this was higher than that of birds fed OS of 15.6%. The laying hens fed CG showed 310 ㎎ of endogenous excreta calcium per day per bird while birds fed OS showed 261 ㎎. The true retention of calcium by layers fed CC was 70.7% against 59.2% for birds fed OS (P$lt;0.05). .
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C14O2 의 흡수제로서 폐닐에칠아민과 하이아민베이스의 비교
장윤환 한국농화학회 1971 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.14 No.1
In order to compare their absorption abilities of carbon dioxide, Hyamine base and phenyl ethylamine were employed in wet combustion experiments. The known content of liver lipid and uniformly mixed palmitic acid-C^(14) were oxidized with sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid. Carbon dioxide produced was trapped by the amines tested through thin tube. The amines absorbed carbon dioxide were mixed with diotal scintillator and counted by liquid scintillation counter. The counting efficiencies and radioactivity recoveries were 50 to 60 % and nearly 100 % for both amines. However, the absorption ability of carbon dioxide by phenyl ethylamine was about two times that of Hyamine base. This technique would not be necessary for the counting of liver lipid of swim, because the efficiencies were not increased and counting accuracies were similar to those of direct counting.
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