Comparison of Phenyl Ethylamine and Hyamine Base as an Absorbent of $Carbon^{14}$ Dioxide

장윤환,Chiang, Yun-Hwan 한국응용생명화학회 1971 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.14 No.1

In order to compare their absorption abilities of carbon dioxide, Hyamine base and phenyl ethylamine were employed in wet combustion experiments. The known content of liver lipid and uniformly mixed palmitic $acid-C^{14}$ were oxidized with sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid. Carbon dioxide produced was trapped by the amines tested through thin tube. The amines absorbed carbon dioxide were mixed with diotal scintillator and counted by liquid scintillation counter. The counting efficiencies and radioactivity recoveries were 50 to 60 % and nearly 100 % for both amines. However, the absorption ability of carbon dioxide by phenyl ethylamine was about two times that of Hyamine base. This technique would not be necessary for the counting of liver lipid of swim, because the efficiencies were not increased and counting accuracies were similar to those of direct counting. $CO_2$의 흡수능력(吸收能力)을 비교(比較)하기 위(爲)하여 습윤연소실험(濕潤燃燒實驗)에 있어서 Phenyl Ethylamine과 Hyamine Base를 사용(使用)하였다. 알려지고 있는 간장지질(肝藏脂質)과 균일(均一)하게 혼합(混合)된 팔미딘산-$C^{14}$을 유산(硫酸)과 인산(燐酸)으로 산화(酸化)하였다. 생성(生成)된 $CO_2$를 가느다란 비닐관(管)을 통하여 공시(供試)아민제(劑)에 포착(捕捉)시켰다. $CO_2$를 흡수(吸收)한 아민 제(劑)들을 Diotal Scintillator와 혼합(混合)하고 Liquid Scintillation Counter에 의(依)하여 그 방사능(放射能)을 측정(測定)하였다. 공시(供試)한 2종(種)아민의 계측효율(計測效率)은 $50{\sim}60%$이 었으며 방사능회수율(放射能回收率)은 거의 100%이었다. 그러나 Phenyl Ethylamine에 의(依)한 $CO_2$흡수량(吸收量)이 Hyamine Base의 그것에 비(比)하여 약(約) 2배(倍)가 되었으며 취급(取扱)하기도 용이(容易)하고 대금(代金)도 싸기 때문에 $CO_2$ 흡수제(吸收劑)로서는 Phenyl Ethylamine을 사용(使用)함이 좋을 것이다. 한편 돼지의 간장실험(肝藏實驗)에 있어서 지질(脂質)을 $CO_2$로 변화(變化)시켜 $C^{14}$의 방사능(放射能)을 측정(測定)하는 것이 지질(脂質)을 그대로 계측(計測)하는 것보다 계측효율(計測效率)이 더 증가(增加)되지 않음이 밝혀졌다.

비타민 D3 첨가수준이 브로일러의 증체량 , 영양소 이용율 및 부전골 무기물 함량에 미치는 영향

장윤환,박장희,이철희 ( Yun H . Chiang,Chang H . Park,Chul H . Lee ) 한국축산학회 1983 한국축산학회지 Vol.25 No.6

A triplicate 9 treatment trial was carried out to investigate the effect of different levels of cholecalciferol in broilers diet on performance and metabolism of broilers. The levels of cholecalciferol supplemented were 0, 200, 400, 600, 1000, 1500, 2000 and 2500 IU/Kg diet. The contents of the other vitamins were adjusted to contain the minimum levels of NAS-NRC. A reference diet was included and contained 1900 IU/Kg vitamin D₃ and safety margin levels of the other vitamins recommended by Scott (1980). The experimental cages were located in a room with glass windows. The average body weight gains of chicks for 8 weeks were not significantly different among treatments including reference group. All the broilers in 9 treatments consumed similar ,amount of diet per day. The amount of feed required per Kg body weight gain was also similar among treatments. The utilization efficiencies of proximate nutrients and minerals were similar, too. The metatarsus ash and minerals were not significantly different among treatments tested. A reason for similar performances among treatments might be that UV light from the sun passed through the window enhanced the synthesis of cholecalciferol in the body. It was concluded that no supplementation of cholecalciferol would be necessary for broilers under the conditions applied in this study.

Aflatoxin 과 비타민 D3 급여가 브로일러 병아리의 혈액 및 장기성상에 미치는 영향

장윤환,전진석,여영수 ( Yun H . Chiang,Jin S . Cheon,Young S . Yeo ) 한국축산학회 1986 한국축산학회지 Vol.28 No.6

This study was conducted to investigate the interaction of aflatoxin and vitamin D₃. The 336 broiler chicks (Hubbard) of mixed sex were allocated to triplicate 8 (2x4 factorial) treatment groups. The 0 or 0.5ppm of aflatoxin Bi (AFB) and 0, 500, 1,000 or 1,500IU/Kg of vitamin D₃(VD) were supplemented to the basal diet. After 3 weeks of feeding period the blood and organs were collected from 2 chicks of each sex per group. The Ca content in serum increased when AFB was fed (p$lt;01). The Ca of serum increased according to the increasing level of VD. However, no significant differences were found among groups fed different levels of VD. The interaction between AFB and VD was recognized (p$lt;05). The P contents of serum were similar among different treatment groups. The alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of chicks fed AFB were higher than those of non-supplemented group, those of chicks fed different levels of VD were not significantly different and any interaction between AFB and VD was not recognized. The weight of liver increased when fed AFB (p$lt;05). As the level of VD increased, the liver weight decreased, but no significance was found. The interaction of AFB and VD was not shown. The pancreas weight decreased when fed AFB (p$lt;05), those of chicks fed different levels of VD were similar, and no significant interaction was found. The spleen weights of birds fed different levels of AFB or VD were similar. The weight of non-fat dry tibia were increased by feeding AFB (p$lt;05) The total lipid content in liver increased when fed AFB (p$lt;05), but VD feeding showed no significant differences. However, the contents of phospholipid and total free fatty acid in liver were not significantly different among treatments. The mean total protein in liver of chicks fed AFB was lower than that of non-supplemented group, and that of chicks fed 1,500IU/Kg of VD was similar to that of non-supplemented group. However, the interaction of AFB and VD was shown (p$lt;01). The optical density at 510㎚ (violet color) of liver of birds fed 0 or 0.5ppm AFB were similar, but chicks fed 1,500IU/Kg of VD showed somewhat higher density than that of non-supplemented group (p$lt;05). The interaction between AFB and VD was recognized (p$lt;05).

Aflatoxin과 비타민$D_3$ 급여(給與)가 브로일러 병아리의 증체(增?), 영양소이용율(營養素利用率), 경골무기물(脛骨無機物) 및 혈청성상(血淸性?)에 미치는 영향(影響)

장윤환,전진석,여영수,Chiang, Yun Hwan,Cheon, Jin Seock,Yeo, Young Soo 경북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 1984 慶北大農學誌 Vol.2 No.-

Alfatoxin과 비타민$D_3$의 상호작용(相互作用)을 구명(究明)하기 위하여 브로이러 병아리 336수(首)를 8구(區)로 나누고 aflatoxin $B_1$을 0 또는 0.5 ppm, 비타민$D_3$를 0, 500, 1,000 또는 1,500 IU/Kg 급여(給與)하는 3주간(週間)의 $2{\times}4$요인시험(要因試驗)을 실시(實施)하였다. 증체량(增體量), 사료섭취량(飼料攝取量), 사료전환율(飼料轉換率), 정강이 색상(色相), 폐사율(斃死率) 및 각약증발생율(脚弱症發生率)에 있어서 각구간(各區間) 유의차(有意差)를 나타내지 않았다. 건물(乾物), 조단백질(粗蛋白質), 조지방(粗脂肪), 가용무질소물(可溶無窒素物) 및 조회분(粗灰分)의 이용율(利用率)에 있어서 각(各) 구간(區間) 유의차(有意差)를 나타내지 않았다. 조섬유(粗纖維)의 이용율(利用率)에 있어서 대조구(對照區)에 비(比)하여 aflatoxin 급여구(給與區)가 매우 낮은 값을 보였다(P<.01). 그러나 비타민$D_3$ 첨가수준간(添加水準間)에는 유의차(有意差)를 나타내지 않았으며 aflatoxin과 비타민$D_3$간(間)의 교호작용(交互作用)도 인정(認定)되지 않았다. Ca, P 및 Na의 이용률(利用率)에 있어서 각(各) 구간(區間) 유의차(有意差)를 보이지 않았으나 aflatoxin 급여구(給與區)의 Ca이용율(利用率)이 무급여구(無給與區)보다 약간 높았다. 탈지건조경골(脫脂乾燥脛骨)의 회분함량(灰分含量)은 각처리간(各處理間) 유의차(有意差)가 없었으나 Ca함량(含量)에 있어서도 aflatoxin 0.5 ppm구(區)에서 무급여구(無給與區)보다 더 많았으며(P<.05), 비타민$D_3$를 더 많이 급여(給與)할수록 조금씩 높게 나타났다. Aflatoxin과 비타민$D_3$가 경골내(脛骨內) Ca을 가속적(加速的)으로 증가(增加)시킨다는 것을 보여 주었다(P<.01). 그리고 P의 함량(含量)에 있어서도 aflatoxin 급여(給與)로 증가(增加)되었다(P<.05). 그러나 비타민$D_3$ 수준간(水準間)에는 유의차(有意差)가 없었으며 2요인간(要因間)의 교호작용(交互作用)도 없었다. Aflatoxin 급여(給與)는 Na함량(含量)에 영향(影響)을 주지 않았으나 비타민$D_3$ 수준간(水準間)에는 유의차(有意差)가 나타나(P<.01) 1,000 IU/Kg수준(水準)이 가장 높게 나타났다. 2요인간(要因間)의 교호작용(交互作用)은 인정(認定)되지 않았다. 혈청중(血淸中)의 Ca농도(濃度)에 있어서 aflatoxin 급여구(給與區)에서 매우 높게 나타났으며(P<.01), 유의성(有意性)은 없었으나 비타민$D_3$ 첨가수준(添加水準)이 높아질때 조금씩 증가(增加)되는 경향(傾向)을 보였다. 2요인간(要因間)의 교호작용(交互作用)이 인정(認定)되었다(P<.05). P의 함량(含量)은 각(各) 처리간(處理間)에 유의차(有意差)가 없었으며 Alkaline Phosphatase 역가(力價)에 있어서 aflatoxin 급여구(給與區)가 높은 값을 보였다(P<.01). 그리고 비타민$D_3$ 수준(水準)이 높아짐에 따라 조금씩 증가(增加)하는 추세(趨勢)를 보였으나 유의차(有意差)는 없었으며 Aflatoxin과 비타민$D_3$간(間)에는 교호작용(交互作用)이 없었다. A $2{\times}4$ factorial study was carried out to investigate the interaction of aflatoxin and vitamin $D_3$ in broiler chicks. The day-old 336 chicks were allocated to triplicate 8 treatments. The 0 or 0.5 ppm of aflatoxin $B_1$ (AFB) and 0, 500, 1,000 or 1,500 IU/Kg of vitamin $D_3$ (VD) were supplemented to the basal diet. There were no significant differences among treatments in respect to the body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, shank color, mortality and incidence of weak legs. The utilization efficiencies of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, N-free extract and crude ash showed also no significant differences among treatments, respectively. The mean utilization efficiency of crude fiber in AFB group was lower than that in normal groups (P<.01). However, no significant difference was found among groups fed different levels of VD, and no interaction between AFB and VD was found. The utilization efficiency of Ca in AFB group was somewhat higher than that in normal group without statistical significance, and the similar values were found among groups fed different VD. The utilization efficiencies of P and Na were not significantly different among treatments, respectively. The tibia ash appeared to be similar among treatments fed different levels of AFB and VD. However, the Ca content in tibia of birds fed 0.5 ppm of AFB was higher than that of normal chicks (P<.05). The slightly increasing trend was shown in Ca contents when fed increasing revel of VD, and the interaction between AFB and VD was recognized(P<.01). The P content of tibia was increased by feeding AFB(P<.05). However, there was no significant difference among groups fed different level of VD and no interaction between AFB and VD in respect to the P content of tibia. Feeding AFB did not affect the Na content in tibia. However, there was a highly significant difference among groups fed different levels of VD(P<.01), the highest values were at 1,000 IU/Kg group, and the interaction between AFB and VD was not significant. The Ca content in serum of birds fed AFB was higher than in control group (P<.01). The Ca of serum increased when fed more VD, although no significance was found among groups, and there was an interaction between AFB and VD(P<.05). The P content of serum showed no significant difference among treatments. The alkaline phosphatase activity in serum of chicks fed AFB was higher than that of control group (P<.01). The enzyme activity increased slightly with increasing level of VD, however, there was no interaction between AFB and VD.

Aflatoxin B1 과 Vitamin D3 급여가 Broiler 병아리의 증체 및 사료이용성에 미치는 영향

장윤환(Yun Hwan Chiang),여영수(Young Soo Yeoh) 한국축산학회 1989 한국축산학회지 Vol.31 No.4

This study was conducted to investigate the interaction of aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) and vitamin D₃ (VD₃) in broiler chicks. Three hundred thirty-six broiler chicks (Hubbard line) of equally mixed sex were allocated to triplicate 8(2x4 factorial) treatment groups. The 0 or 1 ppm of AFB₁ and 0, 500, 1000 or 1500 IU/㎏ of VD₃ were supplemented to the basal diet. Fourteen broilers of equally mixed sex were allocated to each replica and 24 groups were arranged in a randomized block design. After 3 weeks of feeding the body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, mortality, weak leg and runt chick were measured. 1. The body weight gain for 3 weeks presented no response to feeding AFB₁ except for slight decrease. However, that decreased according to the increasing level of VD₃ (p$lt; .01). 2. The feed intake also showed no response when fed I ppm AFB₁ except for slight increase. However, that decreased by feeding increasing level of VD₃ (P $lt; .01). 3. The feed conversion increased when fed 1 ppm AFB₁ (p $lt; .05), but no response to the amount of VD₃ in ration. 4. The motality, weak leg and runt chick were not affected by feeding AFB₁ and / or VD₃.

칼슘 및 비타민 D3 수준이 브로이러 병아리의 증체 (增體) , 영양소 이용율 및 부전골 무기물에 미치는 영향

장윤환(Yun H . Chiang),이철희(Chul H . Lee) 한국축산학회 1984 한국축산학회지 Vol.26 No.2

This study was conducted to observe the effect of three calcium levels (0.7, 0.9 and 1.1%) and three vitamin D₃ levels (0, 200 and 400 IU/Kg) on body weight gain, nutrient utilization and mineral contents of metatarsus taken at 6 weeks of age in broiler chicks fed corn-Soya-fish meal diet. The 3 x 3 factorial experiment was carried out using 378 chicks of day-old Hubbard. The body weight gain of chicks fed 0.9% or 1.1% calcium was higher than that of birds fed 0.7% calcium after 6 weeks of experiment. When the supplementing level of vitamin D₃ increased the body weight gain increased, but not significantly. Feed intake figure was similar to the body weight gain. However, feed intake of chicks fed diet supplemented with 200 or 400 IU/Kg vitamin D₃ was higher than that of birds fed diet no vitamin D₃ added. A significant interaction between clacium and vitamin D₃ was recognized. The chicks fed diet supplemented with 200 or 400 IU/Kg vitamin D₃ showed more consumption of ration compared to the no vitamin D₃ block within 0.7% clacium group. But 200 IU/Kg treatment showed highest consumption within 0.9% calcium group, and birds for no addition of vitamin D₃ showed highest feed intake within 1.1% calcium group. The feed efficiencies, mortalities and incidences of weak legs of chicks fed diet containing different levels of calcium and vitamin D₃ were similar. The interactions between calcium and vitamin D₃ for those items were not recognized. In respect to the utilization efficiencies of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract and crude fiber there was no significant difference among treatments and no interaction between two factors was found. However, the significant difference among utilization efficiencies of nitrogen-free extract (NFE) for chicks fed different levels of calcium or vitamin D₃ was found. The efficiency of NFE increased as calcium level decreased, and that for chicks fed 400 IU/Kg vitamin D₃ was higher than that for birds fed 200 IU/Kg vitamin D₃. A significant interaction between calcium and vitamin D₃ was recognized respecting NFE utilization. There was no significant difference among utilization efficiencies of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and potassium for chicks fed different calcium and vitamin D₃. However, the interaction between calcium and vitamin D₃ was recognized in respect to the utilizations of calcium and sodium. The contents of ash, phosphorus, potassium, zinc and copper in fat-free and dry metatarsus bone taken at the end of six weeks of experiment were not significantly different from each other on the basis of each composition. However, the significant differences were found in respect to the contents of calcium, magnesium, sodium and iron is metatarsus bone. There were significant interactions between calcium and vitamin D₃ concerning the contents of calcium, sodium and iron in the bone. Consequently, it was shown that chicks fed diet including 0.9% of calcium and 200 or 400 IU/Kg of vitamin D₃ performed best results among treatments.

옥수수 대두박 (大豆粕) 주체사료 급여시 칼슘 및 비타민 D3 수준이 브로일러 병아리의 증체 및 사료효율에 미치는 효과

장윤환(Yun H . Chiang),이철희(Chul H . Lee) 한국축산학회 1984 한국축산학회지 Vol.26 No.1

This study was conducted to determine the effect of three calcium levels (0.5, 0.9 and 1.3%) and three vitamin D₃ supplementation (0, 200, 400 IU/㎏) on body weight gain, feed consumption, and feed conversion of broiler chicks. Basal ration contained mainly corn and soybean meal. Since little amount of fish meal was added in basal diet, about 60% of arginine was included compared to the recommended level by N. R. C. (1977). The body weight gain of chicks fed diet containing 400 IU/㎏ vitamin D₃ for 3 weeks was higher than those of birds fed 0 or 200 IU/㎏ as 0.5% calcium was supplied. The 200 or 400 IU/-㎏ vitamin D₃ treatments were better than no supplementation one when 0.9 or 1.3% calcium was included in the diet. The mean body weight gain of chicks of 1.3% calcium treatment was highest among three levels of calcium, but not significantly different from that of 0.9% calcium treatment. The gain of birds fed 400 IU/㎏ vitamin D₃ was highest among three levels of vitamin D₃, but riot significantly different from 200 IU/㎏ treatment. The decreasing trend in requirement of vitamin D₃ was found when calcium level increased. However, the interaction between calcium and vitamin D₃ in respect to body weight gain was not recognized. The feed consumption data were similar to body weight gain data, whereas the interaction between calcium and vitamin D₃ was found. The feed conversion data also similar to those of body weight gain and feed consumption. The mortality and incidence of weak legs of chicks was not significantly different among treatments. However, a decreasing figure was shown when calcium or vitamin D₃ level increased. It was considered that since the little amount of fish meal (insufficient arginine) was included in diet the higher level of vitamin D₃ might be required For broilers compared to the recommended level by N. R. C. (1977).

상이한 수준의 비타민 D3 를 급여한 브로일러 병아리의 생물학적 , 생화학적 및 병리조직학적 소견 - 2. 혈액 , 간장 및 경골의 성상 -

장윤환(Yun Hwan Chiang),김중달(Jung Dal Kim),Michael F . Holick(Michael F . Holick) 한국영양사료학회 1997 韓國營養飼料學會誌 Vol.21 No.1

한국산 대용화분의 화학성분 및 꿀벌 기호성 비교

장윤환(Yun Hwan Chiang),최광수(Kwang Soo Choi),조인호(In Ho Cho),신명재(Myong Jae Shin) 한국양봉학회 1991 韓國養蜂學會誌 Vol.6 No.1